Retrofitting Nebraska 2018
May 31, 2018
Installation Standards for
Single Family and Manufactured Housing
created by
The Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program
NeWAP Installation Standards - Field Guide
1 Inspections, Energy Audits, Deferrals and Client Education
Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program Installation Standards - Field Guide
1 Inspections, Energy Audits, Deferrals and Client Education
1.0101 Initial On-Site Inspection
1.0102 Pre-Implementation Inspection
1.0103 Quality Control Inspections
1.0401 Heating and Cooling Saving Suggestions:
1.0402 Hot Water and Laundry Saving Suggestions:
2.01 Universal Safe Work Practices
2.0103 Heating and Cooling Equipment
2.0107 Basements and Crawl Spaces
2.0201 Budget Category Determination
2.0202 Code Compliance and Heating System Inspection Requirements
2.0202.2 Inspection Requirements
2.0204 Fireplaces - Special Considerations
2.0205 Manufactured Homes - Special Considerations
2.0207 Solid-Fuel Space Heaters
2.0208 Unvented Gas- and Liquid-Fueled Space Heaters
2.0209 Vented Gas- and Liquid-Fueled Space Heaters
2.03 Carbon Monoxide Testing, Inspection, Verification, and Documentation
2.04 System Safety Testing, Inspection, Verification, and Documentation
2.0401 Combustion Appliance Testing
2.0402 Leak Testing Gas Appliances and Piping
2.0403 Verify the BTU Input on Natural Gas Appliances by Clocking (timing) the Gas Meter
2.0404 Complete Initial Inspection of the Heating System
2.0405 Verify, Assess and Document Adequate Combustion Air Supply for All Combustion Zones
2.0406 Complete Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ ) Testing
2.0407 Inspecting and Testing Gas Ranges and Ovens
2.0408 Inspecting and Testing Vented Appliances
2.07 Occupant Education and Access
2.0701 Basements and Crawl Spaces
2.08 DOE Health & Safety Program Guidance Requirements
2.0801 Air Conditioning and Heating Systems/Units
2.0802 Asbestos - in Siding, Walls, Ceilings, Etc.
2.0803 Asbestos in Vermiculite
2.0804 Asbestos on Pipes, Furnaces, other Small Covered Surfaces
2.0806 Building Structure and Roofing
2.0810 Formaldehyde, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and other Air Pollutants
2.0812 Gas Ovens/Stovetops/Ranges
2.0817 Occupant Pre-Existing or Potential Health Conditions
2.0820 Safety Devices: Smoke, Carbon Monoxide Detectors, Fire Extinguishers
2.0821 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality
3.01 Identify the Air and Thermal Boundaries of the Building Envelope
3.03 Primary Air Sealing Guidelines/Requirements
3.04 Secondary Air Sealing Guidelines/Requirements
3.05 Minor Air Sealing Requirements
3.1201 Maintenance, Repair, and Sealing
3.1202 Window and Door Repairing/Replacing Cracked and Broken Glass
3.1203 Window and Door Replacement Requirements
3.14 Basements and Crawl Spaces
3.1401 Basements Connected to Crawl Spaces or Ledged Basements
4.1104 Manufactured Housing Walls
4.1303 Manufactured Housing Floor Cavity Insulation
4.14 Basements and Crawl Spaces
6.6005 Appliance Exhaust Vents
6.62 Whole Building Ventilation
6.6205 Exhaust-Only Strategies for Manufactured Housing System
7.8001.1 Refrigerator Replacement Inspection and Audit Requirements
7.8001.2 Refrigerator Replacement Requirements
7.8001.3 Installation, Client Education and Client File Documentation Requirements
7.8102 Water Heater Installation and Replacement Requirements
7.8103 Water Heater Maintenance / Inspection / Repair Requirements
2.0100.1c - Respiratory protection
2.0100.1e - Carbon monoxide (CO)
2.0100.1f - Protective clothing
2.0100.1g - Confined space safety
2.0100.1l - Slips, trips, and falls
2.0100.1o - Asbestos-containing materials (ACM)
2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment
2.0100.1r - Crawl space safety
2.0101.1 Air Sealing Worker Safety
2.0101.1b - Moisture precautions for crawl spaces and basements
2.0101.1c - Moisture precautions: living space
2.0101.1d - Moisture precautions for exterior water
2.0102.1 Insulation Worker Safety
2.0102.1b - Asbestos-containing materials (ACM)
2.0102.1d - Lead paint assessment
2.0103 Heating and Cooling Equipment
2.0103.1 Combustion Worker Safety
2.0103.1b - Carbon monoxide (CO)
2.0103.2 Heating and Cooling Worker Safety
2.0103.2d - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
2.0103.2e - Combustible gas detection
2.0104.1 Ventilation Worker Safety
2.0105.1 Baseload Worker Safety
2.0106.1 Material Selection, Labeling, and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
2.0106.1a - Material selection
2.0106.1c - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
2.0107 Basements and Crawl Spaces
2.0107.1 Basements and Crawl Spaces Worker Safety
2.0107.2 Crawl Spaces - Pre-Work Qualifications
2.0107.2b - Electrical hazards
2.0107.2d - Plumbing and water leaks
2.0107.2e - Pest and termite work
2.0107.2f - Structural repairs, modifications
2.0107.3 Crawl Spaces - Debris removal
2.0107.4 Negative Pressure Contamination Control
2.0201 Combustion Safety Testing - General
2.0201.1 Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ ) Testing
2.0201.1b - Fuel leak detection
2.0201.1d - Base pressure test
2.0201.1e - Depressurization test
2.0201.2 Combustion Safety - Make-up Air
2.0201.2a - Outside combustion make-up air
2.0201.2c - CO detection and warning equipment
2.0201.2d - Gas ovens - Approved Variance
2.0201.2f - Solid fuel burning appliances
2.0202.1 Unvented Space Heaters: Propane, Natural Gas, and Kerosene Heaters
2.0202.1b - Occupant education
2.0203.1 Combustion Air for Natural Draft Appliances
2.0203.1a - Required combustion air
2.0203.1b - Additional combustion air (if action is required)
2.0203.2 Combustion Flue Gas - Orphaned Water Heaters
2.0203.2b - Flue gas removal (chimney liner) - Approved Variance
2.0203.2c - Retesting spillage
2.0203.2d - Required combustion air
2.0203.2e - Additional combustion air (if action is required)
2.0301 Combustion Safety Devices
2.0301.1b - Smoke alarm (battery operated)
2.0301.2 Carbon Monoxide Alarm or Monitor
2.0301.2a - CO detection and warning equipment (hardwired)
2.0301.2b - CO detection and warning equipment (battery operated)
2.0401.1 Air Sealing Moisture Precautions
2.0401.1a - Moisture precautions for attics
2.0401.1b - Moisture precautions for crawl spaces
2.0401.1c - Moisture precautions for the living space
2.0403.1 Vented Crawl Spaces - Ground Moisture Barrier
2.0403.1a - Material integrity
2.0403.1c - Material specification
2.0403.2 Closed Crawl Spaces - Ground Moisture Barriers
2.0403.2a - Material integrity
2.0403.2c - Material specification
2.0601.1a - Knob and tube identification
2.0601.1c - Isolation and protection - Approved Variance
2.0602.1 Static electric shock
2.0602.1b - Metal coupler grounding
2.07 Occupant Education and Access
2.0701 Basements and Crawl Spaces
2.0701.1 Crawl Spaces - Providing Access
2.0701.2 Crawl Space Information Sign
2.0701.2a - Sign specifications
2.0701.3 Crawl Space-Occupant Education
2.0701.3a - Written communication
2.0701.3b - Oral communication
2.0701.3c - Contact information
2.0702.1 Warranty and Service Agreement
2.0702.1b - Warranty and maintenance agreement - Client education
3.1001 Penetrations and Chases
3.1001.1 Penetrations and Chases
3.1001.1b - Backing and infill
3.1001.1d - High temperature application
3.1001.2a - Pre-inspection of Chases
3.1001.2b - Standard chase (interior walls covered with drywall or plaster)
3.1001.2c - Non-standard chase (interior walls covered with wood or paneling)
3.1001.3 Walls Open to Attic-Balloon Framing and Double Walls
3.1002.1 Interior with Sloped Ceiling
3.1002.1b - Standard void over stairwell (15-minute fire-rated material; e.g., gypsum lined)
3.1002.2 Stairwell to Attic-Door at Bottom with No Ceiling Above
3.1002.2b - Option 1: Bring stairwell inside
3.1002.2c - Option 2: Keep stairwell outside
3.1002.3 Stairwell to Attic-Door at Top with Finished Ceiling Above
3.1002.3b - Option 1: Bring stairwell inside
3.1003 Dropped Ceilings and Soffits
3.1003.1 New Ceiling Below Original - Old Ceiling Intact or Repairable
3.1003.2 Ceiling Leaks Not repairable - No Air Barrier Above
3.1003.3 Above Closets and Tubs
3.1003.3b - Above closets and tubs
3.1003.5 Dropped Ceiling with Light Boxes and Fixtures
3.1003.5b - Light boxes (e.g., fluorescent lights)
3.1003.5c - Non-insulation contact (IC) rated recessed lights
3.1003.6c - Option 1: Bring soffit inside (seal at top)
3.1003.6d - Option 2: Leave soffit outside (seal at bottom or side)
3.1003.6e - Soffits containing non-IC rated recessed lights
3.1004 Cathedralized Attic Ceilings
3.1004.1 Cathedralized Attic Air Sealing (Insulation Installed at roof Deck)
3.1004.1b - Backing and infill
3.1005 Other Ceiling Materials
3.1005.1 Tongue and Groove Ceilings
3.1201 Maintenance, Repair, and Sealing
3.1201.1 Double-Hung Wood Windows
3.1201.1a - Lead paint assessment
3.1201.2 Single-Unit Window and Fixed Frame with Wood Sash
3.1201.2a - Lead paint assessment
3.1201.2d - Water infiltration
3.1201.2e - Occupant education and maintenance
3.1201.3a - Lead paint assessment
3.1201.3b - Door operation and fit
3.1201.3d - Water infiltration
3.1201.3e - Occupant education and maintenance
3.1201.4a - Backing and infill
3.1202 Repairing/Replacing Cracked and Broken Glass
3.1202.1 Fixed Frame with Wood Sash - Older House
3.1202.1a - Lead paint assessment
3.1202.1b - Broken glass removal
3.1202.1d - New glass installation
3.1202.2 Single-Unit Window, Mounted on Rough Opening - Newer House
3.1202.2a - Lead paint assessment
3.1202.2b - Broken glass removal
3.1202.2c - Opening preparation
3.1202.2d - New glass installation
3.1203.1 Replacement Window in Existing Window Frame
3.1203.1a - Lead paint assessment
3.1203.1b - Opening preparation for Replacement Window in Existing Window Frame
3.1203.1c - Replacement Window Installation
3.1203.1e - Occupant education and maintenance
3.1203.2 Single-Unit Window, Mounted on Rough Opening - Newer House
3.1203.2a - Lead paint assessment
3.1203.2b - Opening preparation
3.1203.2c - Replacement unit preparation
3.1203.2d - Replacement Window Installation
3.1203.2f - Occupant education and maintenance
3.14 Basements and Crawl Spaces
3.1401 Basements Connected to Crawl Spaces
3.1401.1 Basements Connected to Crawl Spaces - Sealing and Insulating
3.1401.1a - Conditioned basements with vented crawl spaces
3.1401.1b - Conditioned basements with closed crawl spaces
3.1401.1c - Unconditioned basements with vented crawl spaces
3.1401.1d - Unconditioned basements with closed crawl spaces
3.1402.1 Crawl Spaces - Sealing Floor Penetrations
3.1402.1a - Backing and infill
3.1402.1c - High temperature application
3.1402.2 Closed Crawl Spaces - Air Sealing Foundation Vents
3.1402.2a - Vent closure - Approved Variance
3.1402.3 Closed Crawl Spaces - Air Sealing Exterior Wall
3.1402.4 Closed Crawl Spaces - Air Sealing Brick Curtain Wall with Piers
3.1402.4a - Seal penetrations - Approved Variance
3.1402.5 Closed Crawl Spaces - Attached Crawl Spaces Under Unconditioned Spaces
3.1402.5a - Separate crawl spaces
3.1488.1 Skirting Post and Pier Foundations
3.1501.1 Penetrations, Cracks, and Doors Between Garage and House
3.1501.1d - Garage to house door
3.1501.1f - Carbon monoxide (CO) alarm.
3.1501.1g - Occupant education
3.1601.1 Preparation and Mechanical Fastening
3.1601.1d - Duct board to duct board
3.1601.1e - Flexible duct to duct board
3.1601.1f - Metal plenum to air handler cabinet
3.1601.1g - Duct board plenum to air handler cabinet
3.1601.1j - Flex to duct board
3.1601.2 Duct Preparation for SPF Application
3.1601.3a - Support (applies to all duct types)
3.1602.1 Air Sealing Duct System.
3.1602.1a - New component to new component sealant selection
3.1602.1b - New component to existing component
3.1602.1c - Existing component to existing component
3.1602.2 Duct Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Installation
3.1602.4 Air Sealing System Components
3.1602.4a - Duct boot to interior surface
3.1602.4b - Wood Plenums and Building Cavities - Air Sealing
3.1602.4c - Air handler cabinet
3.1602.5 Return - Framed Platform.
3.1602.5b - Infill and backing
3.1602.7 Return and Supply Plenums in Basements and Crawl Spaces
3.1602.7a - Supply plenums (includes conditioned crawl spaces)
4.1001.1 Non-Insulation Contact (IC) Recessed Light
4.1001.1a - Air barrier system
4.1001.1d - Sealants and weather-stripping
4.1001.2a - Identifying knob and tube wiring
4.1001.2b - Testing to determine if live
4.1001.2c - Isolate or replace - Approved Variance
4.1001.3 Fireplace Chimney and Combustion Flue Vents
4.1001.3b - Required clearance
4.1001.3d - Occupant education
4.1001.4 Vented Eave or Soffit Baffles
4.1001.5 Dense Pack Preparation
4.1001.6 Unvented Roof Deck - Preparation for Spray Polyurethane Foam
4.1001.6a - Surface preparation
4.1001.6b - Installation of insulation dams
4.1001.6c - Elimination of insulation dams
4.1001.6d - Removal of existing insulation and vapor retarder
4.1001.7 Vented Roof Deck - Preparation for SPF
4.1001.7a - Surface preparation
4.1001.7b - Installation of vent chutes
4.1001.7c - Installation of insulation dams
4.1001.7d - Removal of existing insulation and vapor retarder
4.1003.1 Pitched/Vaulted/Cathedralized Ceilings - Loose Fill Over
4.1003.1d - Occupant education
4.1003.2 Pitched/Vaulted/Cathedralized Ceilings - Dense Pack Over
4.1003.2a - Fill slant ceilings
4.1003.2b - Onsite documentation
4.1003.3 Unvented Flat roof with Existing Insulation
4.1003.3c - Occupant education
4.1003.4 Cape Cod Side Attic Roof - Dense Pack Installation
4.1003.4b - Netting, fabric rigid sheathing
4.1003.4d - Onsite documentation
4.1003.4e - Occupant education
4.1003.5 Unvented Roof Deck - Spray Polyurethane Foam Installation
4.1003.5b - Onsite documentation
4.1003.5c - Occupant education
4.1003.6 Vented Roof Deck - Spray Polyurethane Foam Installation
4.1003.6b - Onsite documentation
4.1003.6c - Occupant education
4.1003.7 Ignition and Thermal Barriers – Spray Urethane Foam
4.1003.7a – Identify fire safety requirements
4.1003.7b – Installation of ignition barrier
4.1003.7c – Installation of thermal barrier
4.1003.7d – Occupant education
4.1004.1 Preparation for Dense Packing
4.1004.2 Preparation for Batt Insulation
4.1004.2a - Knee wall prep for batts
4.1004.3 Strapping for Existing Insulation
4.1004.3d - Occupant education
4.1004.4 Knee Wall Without Framing
4.1004.4b - Flat cavity present
4.1004.4d - Occupant education
4.1004.5a - Installation of backing
4.1004.5c - Onsite documentation
4.1005.1 Accessible Floors - Batt Installation
4.1005.1c - Occupant education
4.1005.2 Accessible Floors - Loose Fill Installation
4.1005.2d - Onsite documentation
4.1005.3 Accessible Floors - Batt Insulation Over Existing Insulation
4.1005.3e - Onsite documentation
4.1005.4 Accessible Floors - Loose Fill Over Existing Insulation
4.1005.4d - Onsite documenation
4.1005.5 Enclosed Bonus room Floor Over Unconditioned Space - Dense Pack Installation
4.1005.5d - Onsite documentation
4.1005.6 Enclosed Attic Storage Platform Floor - Dense Pack Installation
4.1005.6c - Onsite documentation
4.1005.6d - Occupant education
4.1005.7 Attic Floor-Preparation and Installation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF)
4.1005.7d - Onsite documentation
4.1005.7e - Occupant education
4.1006.1d - Onsite documentation
4.1006.2 Access Doors and Hatches
4.1006.2e - Onsite documentation
4.1006.3e - Occupant education
4.1088.1a - Air barrier and thermal boundary
4.1088.1d - Ventilation baffling
4.1088.1e - Ventilation screens
4.1088.3b - Installation of Skylight Insulation in Attics
4.1088.3c - Occupant education
4.1101.1 Exterior Wall Dense Packing
4.1101.1b - Exterior dense pack
4.1102.1 Open-Cavity Wall Insulation - General
4.1102.1c - Pre-drywall verification
4.1102.1d - Onsite documentation
4.1102.2 Open-Cavity Wall - Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Installation
4.1102.2c - Fire protection - Approved Variance
4.1102.2d - Onsite documentation
4.1103.1 Dense Pack Exterior Walls
4.1103.1a - Exterior dense pack - Approved Variance
4.1103.1b - Onsite documentation
4.1103.2 Additional Exterior Wall Cavities
4.1103.2a - Location of cavities
4.1103.2e - Close holes - Approved Variance
4.1103.2f - Onsite documentation
4.1301.1 Standard Floor System - Batt Installation
4.1301.1d - Occupant education
4.1301.2 Standard Floor System - Loose Fill with Netting
4.1301.2d - Occupant education
4.1301.3 Standard Floor System - Loose Fill with Rigid Barrier
4.1301.3d - Occupant education
4.1301.4 Dense Pack Floor System with Rigid Barrier
4.1301.4d - Occupant education
4.1301.5 Cantilevered Floor - Batt Installation
4.1301.5a - Air Barrier for Accessible Cantilevered Floor - Batt Installation
4.1301.5e - Occupant education
4.1301.6 Pier Construction Subfloor Insulation - Batt Installation with Rigid Barrier
4.1301.6a - Subfloor preparation
4.1301.6e - Occupant education
4.1301.7 Pier Construction Subfloor Insulation - Loose Fill with Rigid Barrier
4.1301.7a - Subfloor preparation
4.1301.7d - Occupant education
4.1301.8 Pier Construction Subfloor Installation - Dense Pack with Rigid Barrier
4.1301.8a - Subfloor preparation
4.1301.8d - Occupant education
4.1301.9d - Onsite documentation
4.14 Basements and Crawl Spaces
4.1401.1 Band/Rim Joists - Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Installation
4.1401.1d - Onsite documentation
4.1401.2 Band/Rim Joists - Insulation other than Spray Polyurethane Foam
4.1401.2b - Insulation installation
4.1401.2c - Onsite documentation
4.1402 Basements and Crawl Space Walls
4.1402.1 Closed Crawl Spaces - Wall Insulation
4.1402.1a - Insulation selection
4.1402.1g - Onsite documentation
4.1402.2 Basement Wall Insulation - No Groundwater Leakage
4.1402.2c - Vapor permeability
4.1601.2 Insulating Metal Ducts
4.1601.2a - Selection of duct insulation material
4.1601.2c - Attachment of duct insulation
4.1601.2d - Taping of the duct insulation
4.99 Insulation - Additional Resources
4.9901.1 General Information on Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF)
5.3001.1 Load Calculation and Equipment Selection
5.3001.1a - Load calculation - Approved Variance
5.3001.1b - Equipment selection
5.3001.2 Ductwork and Termination Design
5.3001.2b - Termination design
5.3002.1 Preparation for New Equipment
5.3002.1b - Utility disconnect
5.3002.1c - Refigerant recovery
5.3002.1d - Equipment disconnection
5.3003 System Assessment and Maintenance
5.3003.1 Data Plate Verification
5.3003.1a - Data plate verification
5.3003.2 Combustion Analysis of Oil-Fired Appliances
5.3003.2a - Oil system: filter
5.3003.2d - Place appliance in operation
5.3003.2f - Steady state efficiency (SSE)
5.3003.2g - Net stack temperature
5.3003.2h - Carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)
5.3003.2i - Excess combustion air
5.3003.2k - Testing/inspection holes
5.3003.3b - External static pressure
5.3003.3e - Balancing room flow: new ductwork
5.3003.3f - Supply and return temperature measurements
5.3003.3h - Temperature rise: gas and oil furnaces only
5.3003.4 Evaluating Electrical Service
5.3003.4b - Voltage/amperage: incoming power
5.3003.4c - Voltage: contactor
5.3003.4f - Compressor amperage
5.3003.4g - Door switch operation
5.3003.4h - Heat pump: emergency heat
5.3003.5 Refrigerant Line Inspection
5.3003.5b - Ultraviolet (UV) protection of insulation
5.3003.5d - Installation quality
5.3003.7b - System controls (e.g., thermostat, humidistat)
5.3003.7c - System disconnects
5.3003.7d - Combustion air inlets
5.3003.7f - routine maintenance
5.3003.7g - Calling heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) contractor
5.3003.7h - Carbon monoxide (CO)
5.3003.7i - Warranty and service
5.3003.9 Heating and Cooling Controls
5.3003.9a - Removal of mercury-based thermostats
5.3003.9b - Removal of existing controls
5.3003.9d - Thermostat location
5.3003.9f - Thermostat selection: heat pump
5.3003.9g - Heat pump: supplementary heat
5.3003.9h - Heat pump: low ambient compressor lockout
5.3003.9i - Heat pump: outside air sensor
5.3003.9j - Heat pump: supplementary heat wiring
5.3003.9k - Thermostat: installer programming
5.3003.9l - Time delay settings
5.3003.9n - Occupant education
5.3003.10 Condensate Drainage of Heating and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.3003.10c - Overflow protection: upflow
5.3003.14 Combustion Analysis of Gas-Fired Appliances (LP and Natural Gas)
5.3003.14a - Gas Pressure - Approved Variance
5.3003.14b - Place appliance in operation
5.3003.14c - Carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)
5.3003.14d - Carbon monoxide (CO) in flue gas
5.3003.14e - Testing/inspection holes
5.31 Hydronic Heating (Hot Water and Steam)
5.3101.1 Heat Load Calculation-Whole House
5.3101.1a - Heating load calculation
5.3101.1b - Equipment selection
5.3101.2 Space Load Calculation-Heat Emitter Sizing
5.3101.2a - Space load calculation
5.3104 Equipment Maintenance, Testing, and Repair
5.3104.1 Controls-Thermostat replacement
5.3104.1b - Mercury assessment
5.3104.1c - Removal (if removal is recommended)
5.3104.1f - Occupant education
5.3104.2 Maintenance: Gas Boiler Service Inspection
5.3104.2b - Appliance gas valve
5.3104.2g - Combustion efficiency checks
5.3104.3 Maintenance: Checklist
5.3104.3c - Pipe insulation inspection
5.3104.3d - Check system pressure
5.3104.3h - Low water cut-off: float type
5.3104.3i - Low water cut-off: immersion
5.3104.3j - Expansion tank: non-bladder and bladder
5.3104.3k - Flush or skim steam boiler
5.3104.3l - System temperature or pressure gauge
5.3104.3p - Temperature, pressure valves, and air vents
5.3104.3q - Maintenance records
6.6002.1a - Duct design and configuration
6.6002.1b - Termination fitting
6.6002.2a - Hole in building shell
6.6002.2b - Termination fitting
6.6002.2c - Duct to Termination Connection
6.6002.2d - Weatherproof installation
6.6002.2f - Termination location
6.6002.3 Exhaust-Only Ventilation - Fan Intake Grille Location
6.6002.3a - Primary whole house ventilation
6.6003.1 Surface-Mounted Ducted
6.6003.1a - Hole through interior surface
6.6003.1e - Duct to fan connection
6.6003.1g - Fan to interior surface seal
6.6003.1i - Preventing air leakage caused by exhaust fans
6.6003.2f - Boot to interior surface seal
6.6003.2h - Preventing air leakage caused by exhaust fans
6.6003.3a - Hole in Building Shell for Fan through the Wall
6.6003.3d - Weatherproof Installation of Fans through the Wall
6.6003.3g - Fan to Interior Surface Seal
6.6003.3j - Preventing air leakage caused by exhaust fans
6.6005 Appliance Exhaust Vents
6.6005.1a - Clothes Dryer Ducting
6.6005.1b - Termination fitting
6.6005.1e - Occupant education
6.6005.2d - Termination fitting
6.6005.2g - Occupant education
6.6102.1 Outside Air Ventilation Supply Ducts
6.6102.1a - Duct design and configuration
6.6102.1f - Outdoor air intake location
6.6102.2a - Hole in building shell
6.6102.2c - Occupant education
6.6102.2d - Damper (if applicable)
6.6102.2e - Connection to intake fitting
6.6102.3 Intake for Ventilation Air to Forced Air System Used for Heating or Cooling
6.6102.3a - Forced air system Requirements
6.6102.3d - Mounting intake duct
6.6102.3g - Occupant education
6.6103.1d - Damper (required for intermittent operation)
6.6103.1g - Occupant education
6.6103.1h - Boot to interior surface seal
6.6188.1 Removing Supply Vents from Garages
6.6188.1a - Removal of supply/return in garage
6.6188.1b - Patching of the hole in the duct system created by removal
6.6188.1c - Sealing of the patch
6.6188.1d - Removal of discarded ducts
6.6188.1e - Patching of the register hole in garage
6.6188.1f - External static pressure testing
6.62 Whole Building Ventilation
6.6201.2 Primary Ventilation Air Flow between Rooms
6.6201.2a – Balancing pressure
6.6202.1a - Primary ventilation fan (whole-house volume)
6.6202.1b - Local exhaust-local fan
6.6202.1e - Occupant education
6.6288.1a - Primary ventilation system or any continuously operating fan
6.6288.1b - Intermittent local ventilation system
6.9901 Codes and Standards resources
7.8003.1 Refrigerator Replacement
7.8101.1 Shower Head and Faucet Aerator
7.8102 Installation and replacement
7.8102.1 Water Heater Selection
7.8102.1a - Selection parameters
7.8102.2 Storage-Type Appliance
7.8102.2a - Hazardous material removal
7.8102.2c - New equipment installation
7.8102.2e - Expansion tank - Approved Variance
7.8102.2f - Temperature and pressure relief valve
7.8102.2h - Backflow prevention
7.8102.2i - Thermal efficiency
7.8102.2k - Discharge temperature
7.8102.2n - Occupant education
7.8102.3a - Hazardous material removal
7.8102.3c - New equipment installation
7.8102.3e - Temperature and pressure relief valve
7.8102.3g - Backflow prevention and pressure regulator
7.8102.3h - Thermal efficiency
7.8102.3i - Required combustion air
7.8102.3j - Venting of flue gases
7.8102.3l - Electric and fossil fuel supply
7.8102.3n - Discharge temperature
7.8102.3o - Commissioning of system.
7.8102.3p - Ambient carbon monoxide (CO)
7.8102.3q - Occupant education
7.8103.1 Storage-Type Appliance
7.8103.1c - Thermal efficiency - Approved Variance
7.8103.1e - Temperature and pressure relief valve
7.8103.1f - Maintenance records
7.8103.1h - Occupant education
7.8103.2c - Temperature and pressure relief valve
7.8103.2e - required combustion air
7.8103.2f - Venting of flue gases
7.8103.2i - Discharge temperature
7.8103.2j - Test the system safety and operation
7.8103.2k - Maintenance records
MH 2.0107 Basements and Crawl Spaces
MH 2.0107.5 Pre-work Qualifications (Home Installation)
MH 2.0107.5a - Installation deficiencies
MH 2.0204.1 Isolating Combustion Water Heater Closet
MH 2.0204.1a - Work assessment
MH 2.0204.1b - Air seal closet
MH 2.0204.1d - Post-work testing / verification
MH 2.0403.4 Pier and Skirting Foundations - Ground Moisture Barriers
MH 2.0403.4b - Material specification
MH 2.0404.2 Crawl Spaces — Preliminary Dehumidification
MH 2.0501.2 Pier and Skirting Foundations - Venting
MH 2.0501.2b - Occupant education
2.0602.1 Static electric shock
2.0602.1b - Metal coupler grounding
MH 2.0602.2 House Current Electric Hazard
MH 2.0602.2a - Metal skin and frame grounding
MH 2.0602.2b - Metal fill tube grounding
MH 3.1001 Penetrations and Chases
MH 3.1001.4 General Penetrations (Electrical, HVAC, Plumbing, Vent Termination, Recessed Lighting)
MH 3.1001.4a - Work assessment
MH 3.1001.4b - Air sealing penetrations
MH 3.1001.4c - Sealant selection
MH 3.1001.4d - Ceiling hole repair
MH 3.1001.4f - High temperature application
MH 3.1101 Manufactured Housing Walls
MH 3.1101.1 Exterior Holes and Penetrations
MH 3.1101.1a - Work assessment
MH 3.1101.1c - Exterior wall air sealing
MH 3.1101.2 Interior Holes and Penetrations
MH 3.1101.2a - Work assessment
MH 3.1101.2b - Interior wall air sealing
MH 3.1101.3 Holes, Penetrations, andMarriage Line
MH 3.1101.3a - Work assessment
MH 3.1101.3b - Marriage wall air sealing of holes and penetrations
MH 3.1101.3c - Marriage line air sealing
MH 3.1201 Maintenance, Repair, and Sealing
MH 3.1201.5 Manufactured Housing Windows and Doors
MH 3.1201.5a - Work assessment
MH 3.1201.5b - Lead paint assessment
MH 3.1201.5c - Operable windows and doors
MH 3.1201.5d - Air infiltration
MH 3.1201.5e - Water infiltration
MH 3.1201.5g - Quality assurance
MH 3.1201.5h - Occupant education and maintenance
MH 3.1201.6 Interior Storm Windows
MH 3.1201.6a - Work assessment
MH 3.1201.6b - Fixed storm window
MH 3.1201.6c - Installing operable storm window
MH 3.1201.6d - Health & safety
MH 3.1201.6e - Occupant education
MH 3.1202 Repairing/Replacing Cracked and Broken Glass
MH 3.1202.3 Replacing Damaged Window Glass in Manufactured Housing
MH 3.1202.3a - Work assessment
MH 3.1202.3b - Lead paint assessment
MH 3.1202.3c - Broken glass removal
MH 3.1202.3d - Opening preparation
MH 3.1202.3e - New glass installation
MH 3.1203.3 Replacement of Manufactured Housing Windows and Doors
MH 3.1203.3a - Work assessment
MH 3.1203.3b - Lead paint assessment
MH 3.1203.3c - Window or door selection - Approved Variance
MH 3.1203.3d - Rough opening preparation
MH 3.1203.3e - Window and door installation
MH 3.1203.3g - Maintenance and occupant education
MH 3.1301.1a - Work assessment
MH 3.1301.1b - Soft bottom board repair
MH 3.1301.1c - Hard bottom board repair
MH 3.1301.1d - Bottom board penetrations
MH 3.1301.2 Electrical, HVAC, Plumbing, Gas, Dryer Vent, and General Penetrations Through Flooring
MH 3.1301.2a - Work assessment
MH 3.1301.2b - Floor air sealing (decking, subfloor, floor decking)
MH 3.1301.2c - Sealant selection
MH 3.1301.2e - Structural materials
MH 3.1301.2f - High temperature application
MH 3.1302.1 Floor Framing - Bay Window
MH 3.1302.1a - Work assessment
MH 3.1302.1b - Lead paint assessment
MH 3.1302.1c - Air infiltration
MH 3.1302.1d - Water infiltration
MH 3.14 Basements and Crawl Spaces
MH 3.1488 Special Considerations
MH 3.1488.2 Skirting Manufactured Homes
MH 3.1488.2a - Work assessment
MH 3.1488.2b - Repair and installation
MH 3.1488.2d - Insulated skirting
MH 3.1488.2i - Skirting stiffener / high wind support
MH 3.1488.2j - Occupant education
MH 3.1601.4 Support for Horizontal, Suspended Ducts
MH 3.1601.4a - Support (applies to all duct types)
MH 3.1601.5 Preparation and Mechanical Fastening
MH 3.1601.5d - Duct board to duct board
MH 3.1601.5e - Duct board to flexible duct
MH 3.1601.5f - Duct board plenum to air handler cabinet
MH 3.1601.5i - Duct board to flex
MH 3.1602.8c - Plenum rebuild or repair
MH 3.1602.8d - Repair work access
MH 3.1602.8f - Performance testing
MH 3.1602.9a - Work assessment
MH 3.1602.9b - Flexible crossover duct connections
MH 3.1602.9d - Through-the-rim crossover duct
MH 3.1602.9e - Repair work access for through-the-rim crossover
MH 3.1602.9f - Attic crossover
MH 3.1602.9g - Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ ) testing
MH 3.1602.9h - Performance testing
MH 3.1602.10 Hard and Flex Branch Ducts
MH 3.1602.10a - Work assessment
MH 3.1602.10b - Reduce excess flex duct length
MH 3.1602.10c - Duct connection repairs
MH 3.1602.10d - Repair work access
MH 3.1602.10e - Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ ) testing
MH 3.1602.10f - Performance testing
MH 3.1602.11 Air Sealing System
MH 3.1602.11a - New component to new component sealant selection
MH 3.1602.11b - New component to existing component
MH 3.1602.11c - Existing component to existing component
MH 3.1602.11d - Performance testing
MH 3.1602.12 Air Sealing System Components
MH 3.1602.12a - Duct boot to interior surface
MH 3.1602.12b - Air handler cabinet outside conditioned space
MH 3.1602.12c - Performance testing
MH 3.1602.13 Return—Framed Platform
MH 3.1602.13b - Infill and backing
MH 3.1602.13c - Sealant selection
MH 3.1701.1 Holes, Penetrations, and Connection Seam
MH 3.1701.1a - Work assessment
MH 3.1701.1b - Hole, seam, line, and penetration sealing
MH 3.1701.1d - Addition exterior wall air sealing
MH 3.1701.1e - Addition interior wall air sealing
MH 3.1701.1f - Addition floor air sealing (decking, subfloor, floor decking)
MH 3.1701.1g - Sealant selection
MH 3.1701.1i - Structural materials
MH 4.1003.8a - Attic, ceiling, and roof verification
MH 4.1003.8c - Blowing machine set up
MH 4.1003.8d - Fiberglass blown insulation installation
MH 4.1003.8e - Roof reattachment
MH 4.1003.8f - Verification of details
MH 4.1003.8g - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1003.9a - Attic, ceiling, and roof verification
MH 4.1003.9c - Blowing machine set up
MH 4.1003.9d - Fiberglass blown insulation installation
MH 4.1003.9e -Patching and sealing openings
MH 4.1003.9f - Verification of details
MH 4.1003.9g - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1003.10a - Attic, ceiling, and roof verification
MH 4.1003.10b - Construction prep
MH 4.1003.10d - Blowing machine set up
MH 4.1003.10e -Fiberglass blown insulation installation
MH 4.1003.10f - Patching and sealing holes
MH 4.1003.10g - Verification of details
MH 4.1003.10h - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1003.11 Installing Fiberglass Blown Insulation in Roof-Over Constructions
MH 4.1003.11a - Roof-over overview
MH 4.1003.11b - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1088 Special Considerations
MH 4.1088.6 Installing Insulation at Flat and Cathedral Ceiling Transition Wall
MH 4.1088.6a - Insulation installation verification
MH 4.1088.6c - Blowing machine set up
MH 4.1088.6d - Spray two-part foam
MH 4.1088.6f - Patching and sealing access points
MH 4.1088.6g - Verification of details
MH 4.1088.6h - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1101.5 Exterior Wall Dense Packing
MH 4.1101.5b - Exterior dense pack
MH 4.1104 Manufactured Housing Wall Insulation
MH 4.1104.1 Stuffing Wall Cavities with Fiberglass Batts
MH 4.1104.1a - Access wall cavities
MH 4.1104.1b - Exterior wall cavity inspection
MH 4.1104.1c - Fiberglass batt installation tool (stuffer)
MH 4.1104.1d - Fiberglass batt installation
MH 4.1104.1e - Sub-sheathing patch and repair
MH 4.1104.1g - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1104.2 Fiberglass Blown Insulation Installation (Lifting Siding)
MH 4.1104.2a - Access wall cavities
MH 4.1104.2b - Exterior wall cavity inspection
MH 4.1104.2c - Blowing machine set up
MH 4.1104.2d - Fiberglass blown insulation installation
MH 4.1104.2e - Sub-sheathing patch and repair
MH 4.1104.2g - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1104.3 Fiberglass Blown Insulation Installation (via Penetrations through or Behind the Siding)
MH 4.1104.3a - Access wall cavities
MH 4.1104.3b - Exterior wall cavity inspection
MH 4.1104.3c - Blowing machine set up
MH 4.1104.3d - Fiberglass blown insulation installation
MH 4.1104.3e - Plug and seal holes
MH 4.1104.3f - Final wall assembly
MH 4.1104.3g - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1104.4 Spray Foam Insulation Installation in Cavities above Doors and Windows
MH 4.1104.4a - Access wall cavities above doors and windows
MH 4.1104.4b - Cavity inspection
MH 4.1104.4c - Insulation installation
MH 4.1104.4d - Final wall assembly
MH 4.1104.4e - Onsite documentation
MH 4.1302 Manufactured Housing Belly Preparation
MH 4.1302.1 Prepare Belly Floor Cavity for Insulation
MH 4.1302.1a - Work assessment
MH 4.1303 Manufactured Housing Floor Cavity Insulation
MH 4.1303.1 Insulation of Floor Cavity with Blown Material
MH 4.1303.1b - Work assessment
MH 4.1303.1c - Insulate floors
MH 4.1303.1e - Occupant education
MH 4.1303.2 Insulation of Floor Cavity with Batt Material
MH 4.1303.2b - Work assessment
MH 4.1303.2c - Insulate floors
MH 4.1303.2e - Occupant education
MH 4.1303.3 Insulation of Floor Cavity with Spray Foam Material
MH 4.1303.3b - Work assessment
MH 4.1303.3f - Fire protection
MH 4.1303.3g - Occupant education
MH 4.1601.3 Insulation and Vapor Barrier
MH 4.1601.3a - Ducts in unconditioned spaces (e.g., crawl space, attic, unconditioned basements)
MH 4.1601.3b - Ducts within floor assemblies
MH 4.1601.5 Insulating Metal Ducts
MH 4.1601.5a - Selection of duct insulation material
MH 4.1601.5c - Attachment of duct insulation
MH 5.3001.3a - Close Return Air Openings
MH 5.3001.3b - Alternate return air system
MH 5.3001.3c - Zone pressure test
MH 5.3001.3d - Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ ) testing
MH 5.3001.3e - Occupant education
MH 5.3003.11 Heating and Cooling Controls
MH 5.3003.11a - Removal of mercury-based thermostats
MH 5.3003.11b - Removal of existing controls
MH 5.3003.11d - Thermostat location
MH 5.3003.11f - Thermostat selection: heat pump
MH 5.3003.11g - Heat pump: supplementary heat
MH 5.3003.11h - Heat pump: low ambient compressor lockout
MH 5.3003.11i - Heat pump: outside air sensor
MH 5.3003.11j - Heat pump: supplementary heat wiring
MH 5.3003.11k - Thermostat: installer programming
MH 5.3003.11l - Time delay settings
MH 5.3003.11m - Humidistat: location
MH 5.3003.11n - Ventilation control
MH 5.3003.11o - Occupant education
MH 5.3003.15 Combustion Analysis of Oil-Fired Appliances
MH 5.3003.15a - Oil system: smoke test
MH 5.3003.15e - Oil system: steady state efficiency (SSE)
MH 5.3003.15f - Net stack temperature
MH 5.3003.15g - Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)
MH 5.3003.15h - Excess combustion air
MH 5.3003.15i - CO in flue gas
MH 5.3003.15j - Testing inspection holes
MH 5.3003.16 Evaluating Electrical Service
MH 5.3003.16a - Service Entrance
MH 5.3003.16c - Voltage: incoming power
MH 5.3003.16d - Voltage: contactor
MH 5.3003.16f - Blower amperage
MH 5.3003.16g - Compressor amperage
MH 6.6002.4 Ducts (Exhaust Fans)
MH 6.6002.4a - Duct design and configuration
MH 6.6002.4b - Duct insulation
MH 6.6002.4d - Duct connections
MH 6.6002.4f - Total exhaust airflow
MH 6.6003.1 Surface-Mounted Ducted
MH 6.6003.1a - Hole through interior surface
MH 6.6003.1d - Backdraft damper
MH 6.6003.1e - Duct-to-fan connection
MH 6.6003.1f - Fan housing seal
MH 6.6003.1g - Fan to interior surface seal
MH 6.6003.1i - Preventing air leakage caused by exhaust fans
MH 6.6003.1j - Combustion safety
MH 6.6003.2d - Backdraft damper
MH 6.6003.2e - Duct connections
MH 6.6003.2f - Boot to interior surface seal
MH 6.6003.2h - Preventing air leakage caused by exhaust fans
MH 6.6003.2i - Combustion safety
MH 6.6003.5 Garage Exhaust Fan
MH 6.6003.5c - Combustion safety
MH 6.6003.6 Fan Placement (Whole House/Common Space Exhaust Only)
MH 6.6003.6f - Total exhaust airflow
MH 6.6102.4 Intake for Ventilation Air to Forced Air System Used for Heating or Cooling
MH 6.6102.4a - Forced air system Requirements
MH 6.6102.4d - Mounting intake duct
MH 6.6102.4e - Motorized damper
MH 6.6102.4g - Occupant education
MH 6.6102.4h - Intake ventilation airflow
MH 6.6188 Special Considerations
MH 6.6188.2 Removing Supply Vents from Garages
MH 6.6188.2a - Removal of supply/return in garage
MH 6.6188.2b - Patching of the hole in the duct system created by removal
MH 6.6188.2c - Sealing of the patch
MH 6.6188.2d - Removal of discarded ducts
MH 6.6188.2e - Patching of the register hole in garage
MH 6.6188.2f - External static pressure testing
MH 6.62 Whole Building Ventilation
MH 6.6205.1 Manufactured Housing Exhaust-Only Strategies
MH 6.6205.1d - Climate considerations
MH 6.6205.1e - Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ ) testing
MH 6.6205.1f - Occupant education
MH 6.6205.1g - Total exhaust airflow
MH 6.6288 Special Considerations
MH 6.6288.2 Sound Ratings - New Fan Installation
MH 6.6288.2a - Primary ventilation system/continuously operating fan
Completing a thorough and accurate inspection and energy audit is essential for assessing how much energy a building uses, how the building uses the energy, what measures are cost effective for implementation in the building and how much energy costs can be saved following implementation.
Utilizing a systematic process of inspecting, documenting, evaluating and analyzing the building and its energy using systems helps ensure the accuracy of the savings-to-investment ratio ( SIR ) calculations for installing energy efficiency measures through the Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program (NeWAP).
Completing an accurate on-site inspection for use in completing an Energy Audit includes but is not limited to.
2.0102.1 (a, b, c, d) Health & Safety - Safe Work Practices - Insulation - Vermiculite (SF) (MH)
2.0105.1 (a) Health & Safety - Safe Work Practices - Baseload - Baseload Worker Safety (SF) (MH)
Roof Vent | Net Free Vent Area |
---|---|
8" diameter | 50 square inches |
9" diameter | 60 square inches |
9.5" diameter | 70 square inches |
10" diameter | 80 square inches |
13.5" diameter | 144 square inches |
Turbine | 239 square inches |
Rectangular Gable Vent | Net Free Vent Area |
---|---|
8" x 12" | 48 square inches |
12" x 18" | 108 square inches |
14" x 24" | 168 square inches |
18" x 24" | 216 square inches |
24" x 30" | 360 square inches |
Soffit Vent | Net Free Vent Area |
---|---|
4" x 16" | 32 square inches |
8" x 16" | 64 square inches |
4" x 8" | 16 square inches |
Triangular Gable Vent | Net Free Vent Area |
---|---|
30" base | 82 square inches |
48" base | 144 square inches |
72" base | 197 square inches |
When you receive the weatherization file review and other related documents:
At the job site greet the owner/tenant, identify yourself, state your purpose, and review the job schedule.
Walk around the exterior of the home.
Walk through the interior of the home.
Complete initial diagnostics.
Review proposed work with the client.
As per U.S. Department of Energy Weatherization Program Notice 15-4: Every unit reported as a "completed unit" must receive a final quality control inspection ensuring that all work meets the minimum specifications outlined in the Standard Work Specification (SWS) in accordance with 10 CFR 440. Quality control inspections ensure that weatherization services have been provided in a quality manner and that the home is left in a safe condition.
All Quality Control Inspections will include, but not be limited to:
Completing an accurate Energy Audit requires appropriate analysis of the on-site inspection information based on the following NeWAP requirements:
Year | Heating Equipment | Cooling Equipment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central Furnace / Room (Wall) Furnace |
Central Heat Pump |
Electrical Resistance |
Central AC |
Central Heat Pump |
Room AC/HP |
||||
Natural Gas |
Propane | Oil/ Kerosene |
Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | |
AFUE | AFUE | AFUE | Percent | HSPF | Percent | SEER | SEER | EER | |
Pre- 1970 |
60 | 60 | 70 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5.8 |
1971 | 61.4 | 61.4 | 71.8 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 6.58 | 5.86 | 5.89 |
1972 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 73.6 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 6.66 | 6.21 | 5.98 |
1973 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 73.6 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 6.75 | 6.21 | 6 |
1974 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 73.6 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 6.85 | 6.21 | 6.1 |
1975 | 65.8 | 62.7 | 73.6 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 6.97 | 6.21 | 6.2 |
1976 | 66.1 | 63 | 74.1 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 7.03 | 6.87 | 6.4 |
1977 | 66.4 | 63.3 | 74.5 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 7.13 | 6.89 | 6.55 |
1978 | 66.7 | 63.6 | 75 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 7.34 | 7.24 | 6.72 |
1979 | 68.7 | 64.8 | 75.5 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 7.47 | 7.34 | 6.87 |
1980 | 70.6 | 65.9 | 76 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 7.55 | 7.51 | 7.02 |
1981 | 70.4 | 67.1 | 76.8 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 7.78 | 7.7 | 7.06 |
1982 | 70.3 | 68.4 | 77.5 | 98 | 6.21 | 98 | 8.31 | 7.79 | 7.14 |
1983 | 70.1 | 69.6 | 78.3 | 98 | 6.2 | 98 | 8.43 | 8.23 | 7.29 |
1984 | 72.6 | 73 | 78.6 | 98 | 6.36 | 98 | 8.66 | 8.45 | 7.48 |
1985 | 72.9 | 73.8 | 78.6 | 98 | 6.39 | 98 | 8.82 | 8.56 | 7.7 |
1986 | 73.7 | 74.3 | 79.6 | 98 | 6.55 | 98 | 8.87 | 8.7 | 7.8 |
1987 | 74.3 | 75.1 | 79.8 | 98 | 6.71 | 98 | 8.97 | 8.93 | 8.06 |
1988 | 74.9 | 75.8 | 80.4 | 98 | 6.88 | 98 | 9.11 | 9.13 | 8.23 |
1989 | 74.7 | 75.5 | 80.4 | 98 | 6.92 | 98 | 9.25 | 9.26 | 8.48 |
Year | Heating Equipment | Cooling Equipment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central Furnace / Room (Wall) Furnace |
Central Heat Pump |
Electrical Resistance |
Central AC |
Central Heat Pump |
Room AC/HP |
||||
Natural Gas |
Propane | Oil/ Kerosene |
Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | |
AFUE | AFUE | AFUE | Percent | HSPF | Percent | SEER | SEER | EER | |
1990 | 76.7 | 75.7 | 80.3 | 98 | 7.03 | 98 | 9.31 | 9.46 | 8.73 |
1991 | 77.5 | 76.9 | 80.8 | 98 | 7.06 | 98 | 9.49 | 9.77 | 8.8 |
1992 | 82.1 | 83.2 | 80.8 | 98 | 7.1 | 98 | 10.46 | 10.6 | 8.88 |
1993 | 82.4 | 83.8 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.1 | 98 | 10.56 | 10.86 | 9.05 |
1994 | 82.4 | 83.9 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.1 | 98 | 10.61 | 10.94 | 8.97 |
1995 | 82.3 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.1 | 98 | 10.68 | 10.97 | 9.03 |
1996 | 82.7 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 10.68 | 11 | 9.08 |
1997 | 82.9 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.1 | 98 | 10.66 | 10.97 | 9.09 |
1998 | 82.6 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 10.92 | 11.29 | 9.08 |
1999 | 82.6 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 10.96 | 11.29 | 9.07 |
2000 | 82.6 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 10.95 | 11.21 | 9.3 |
2001 | 83.1 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 11.04 | 11.3 | 9.63 |
2002 | 83.1 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 11.07 | 11.31 | 9.75 |
2003 | 82.5 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 11.19 | 11.46 | 9.75 |
2004 | 82.6 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 11.29 | 11.56 | 9.71 |
2005 | 82.9 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.4 | 98 | 11.32 | 11.6 | 9.95 |
2006 | 82 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.9 | 98 | 13.17 | 13.17 | 10.02 |
2007 | 84.1 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.9 | 98 | 13.66 | 13.66 | 9.81 |
2008 | 84.8 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.9 | 98 | 13.76 | 13.76 | 9.93 |
2009 | 84.8 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.9 | 98 | 13.76 | 13.76 | 9.93 |
2010 & later |
84.8 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 98 | 7.9 | 98 | 13.76 | 13.76 | 9.93 |
Verify that the Energy Audit measures recommended for implementation by the NEAT, the MHEA or the MulTEA audit have individual SIRs of 1.0 or greater.
Verify that the Energy Audit measures with an SIR of less than 1.0 are not to be implemented; Installing a measure(s) with a lower SIR without installing others with greater SIRs is not allowed.
Verify that the cumulative SIR for the home exceeds 1.0 or the home must not be weatherized.
Verify and document that all additional weatherization mandatory requirements included in the Installation Standards are implemented, in addition to the measures that are required to be implemented based on Energy Audit. Any exceptions associated with not completing recommended or required measures must be appropriately documented in the client's file.
Verify that all Energy Audits are completed using the Key Parameters and Default Parameters established by the Energy Office with no modifications unless authorized.
Note: Blown fiberglass insulation is non-corrosive to metal skinned manufactured housing and can achieve good R-values and convection resistance at lower densities and weights that won't cause damage to the interior sheeting or underbelly of the home. Installations that include cellulose insulation may be completed only after warrantee information is provided by the installer ensuring no future damage to either the ceiling or underbelly of the home as a result of the use of cellulose insulation.
Energy Audits determine what energy efficiency measures must be implemented. The Installation Standards determine how Energy Audit measures are to be implemented.
Verify that Ineligible Materials/Measures, as listed below, are not recommended for implementation or installed.
Verify that, pursuant to DOE Guidance:
Verify that the Nebraska Energy Office has reviewed the submission from the subgrantee and made a compliance determination regarding DOE Guidance as well as whether the proposed measure cost test are reasonable (ex. no manipulation of the costs have occurred to make certain measures allowable). Following NEO approval, the project package was submitted (by NEO) to the DOE Project Officer requesting DOE approval to proceed with the project.
Verify and document all repair costs necessary for the installation or preservation of an energy saving weatherization measure are included in the audit.
Keep in mind that:
Verify that the home complies with ASHRAE Standard 62.2 as per DOE Guidance requirement.
The decision to defer work in a dwelling is difficult but necessary in some cases. Subgrantees are expected to pursue reasonable options on behalf of clients and to use good judgment in dealing with difficult situations. Deferral conditions may be found in the Health & Safety Section 2 of this Installation Standard.
Should any dwelling be determined to be a deferral:
A "walk-away/deferral" is not a completion. Reimbursement for costs associated with a "walk-away/ deferral" must be obtained through the normal monthly billing process. Indicate on the BCJO (Building Check Job Order) that the dwelling is a "walk-away/deferral", not a completion and the client was advised in writing of the conditions determining this status.
Defer all units undergoing remodeling or which have untreated remodeled areas that directly affect the weatherization process.
The NeWAP provides subgrantees with opportunities to educate clients and provide them with some simple, easy and inexpensive energy saving tips to help them save additional energy while improving comfort.
The NeWAP requires that all clients be provided with educational material specifically associated with Health & Safety issues with documentation of receipt included in the client file.
Health & Safety measures must be performed in conjunction with cost-effective weatherization. Allowable Health & Safety activities are those that eliminate hazards that are affected or caused by the installation of weatherization materials.
Major hazards and potentially life-threatening conditions must be corrected before weatherization installers can work in the dwelling unless the installers are making the corrections.
When a weatherization agency finds serious safety problems in a customer's home, they must inform the customer in writing about the hazards. When deferral is necessary, provide information to the client, in writing, describing conditions that must be met in order for weatherization to commence. A copy of this notification must also be placed in the client file.
When Not to Weatherize a Dwelling
There are some conditions and situations under which a subgrantee must not or may choose not to weatherize an otherwise eligible dwelling unit. Information for making this determination may become evident during either the eligibility process or during the initial inspection. If the subgrantee makes a determination that there are circumstances that prevent the weatherization process from proceeding, they must:
At the time of application, the applicant is given a written notice outlining the applicant's rights and the method to file a complaint. All subgrantees are required to adhere to their agency's grievance polices. If the grievance cannot be resolved through the subgrantee's process, the applicant may file a complaint with the Nebraska Energy Office.
A subgrantee must not weatherize if:
A subgrantee may choose not to weatherize a dwelling unit if:
Client Health & Safety
There are a number of important Health & Safety issues related to weatherization work that can impact clients as well as weatherization employees. When any of these issues are detected, the client must be informed of the issue and, if possible, addressing these problems should be a top priority.
Health & Safety Assessment
Energy Auditors and crews/subcontractors are required to take all reasonable precautions against performing work on homes that will subject workers or clients to Health & Safety risks. The initial home inspection must include a Health & Safety assessment of the dwelling. The assessment must include interviewing the client regarding known health concerns, inspecting the dwelling for present or potential moisture concerns, indoor air quality concerns and other environmental concerns or hazards that may or may not be covered by the NeWAP.
Health & Safety Home Screening Questionnaire (Form WX7)
If it is determined through the Health & Safety Home Screening Questionnaire that someone in the home is sensitive to a product that is intended to be used during the weatherization process, the sensitivity must be documented in the file and, if possible, an alternative product may be used. If no successful alternative is found, the weatherization of the home may proceed without completion of the measure with no impact on weatherization measures with lower SIRs, with prior Nebraska Energy Office approval.
When a client's health is fragile and/or the weatherization activities would constitute a health or safety hazard, the occupants at risk will be required to leave the home during the activities. Request that the client return at least 1 hour (or a reasonable time as determined by the installers) after installers are scheduled to leave to allow for clean-up and appropriate ventilation of the home.
Weatherization funds cannot be used to relocate clients or reimburse them for such costs incurred because of the requirement to leave during the day. If the client is unable to leave the home and the intended work may exacerbate an occupant's health condition, the home may need to be deferred.
Subgrantees must take all reasonable precautions against performing work on homes that would subject clients to Health & Safety risks.
Clients will also receive the following publications and/or documents:
Worker Health & Safety
Weatherization staff are vitally important and staff must not be required to work in unsafe and/or unhealthy unsanitary conditions. Costs related to Grantee Health & Safety training must be charged to Training & Technical Assistance.
2.0104.1 (a) Health & Safety - Ventilation Equipment - Ventilation Worker Safety (SF) (MH)
First aid supplies must be available in the office and at the job site.
Potential Hazard Considerations
Weatherization services must be provided in a manner that minimizes other potential risks to workers and clients. Awareness of potential hazards is essential in providing quality weatherization services. A list of common weatherization work situations that may present hazardous situations are addressed below:
2.0105.1 (a) Health & Safety - Safe Work Practices - Baseload - Baseload Worker Safety (SF) (MH)
2.0602.1 (a, b) Health & Safety - Electrical - Electrical Hazard - Static Electric Shock (SF) (MH)
NeWAP subgrantees' Trained Weatherization Staff or Qualified Heating Technician must complete inspections, testing and assessments on all combustion appliances within a home to ensure all equipment is operating safely.
NeWAP subgrantees must perform a full-DOE approved energy audit prior to deciding how to categorize the cost of space heat repair or replacement. If the measure is an approved NeWAP expenditure and the audit justifies the costs with an SIR equal to or greater than 1.0, the measure must be performed and costs charged as an Energy Conservation Measure (ECM). If the measure is not an eligible ECM, the measure may be charged as a Health & Safety (H&S) measure.
Installation of space heating requires knowledge of appropriate industry standards and compliance with the applicable building code(s) in the jurisdiction where the installation is taking place. Building permits shall be secured, where required for all space heater work. This is a program operations cost. Also see 2.0807 Code Compliance.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Deferral Requirements:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Fireplaces present special hazards that are affected by weatherization. If draft is poor, smoke may downdraft into living space causing poor indoor air quality, which can be appropriately ventilated by the client. However, near the end of a wood fire glowing coals remain, radiating heat; while the draft lowers and allows the top of the chimney to cool, further reducing draft. The reduced draft also reduces oxygen available to glowing coals causing production of CO without the smoke that encourages appropriate space ventilation. This creates a dangerous situation as the CO enters the living space due to the lowered draft, causing drowsiness, and sometimes more dangerous situations for the occupants.
Action/Allowability:
Inspecting/Evaluating/Testing:
Inspection
Evaluating
Cross-sectional areas of round, square and rectangular flue sizes are provided in the following tables.
Flue Size, Inside Diameter (Inches) |
Cross-sectional Area (square inches) |
---|---|
6 | 28 |
7 | 38 |
8 | 50 |
10 | 78 |
10.75 | 90 |
12 | 113 |
15 | 176 |
18 | 254 |
Flue Size, Outside Nominal Dimensions (Inches) |
Cross-sectional Area (square inches) |
---|---|
4.5 X 8.5 | 23 |
4.5 X 13 | 34 |
8 X 8 | 42 |
8.5 X 8.5 | 49 |
8 X 12 | 67 |
8.5 X 13 | 76 |
12 X 12 | 102 |
8.5 X 18 | 101 |
13 X 13 | 127 |
12 X 16 | 131 |
13 X 18 | 173 |
16 X 16 | 181 |
16 X 20 | 222 |
18 X 18 | 233 |
20 X 20 | 298 |
20 X 24 | 335 |
24 X 24 | 431 |
Testing:
Gas Fireplaces:
Gas Stoves:
Wood Fireplaces and Pellet Stoves:
Weatherized homes containing wood, gas or pellet fireplaces and/or stoves:
Client Education:
Manufactured Home Construction Safety Standards require all fuel-burning, heat producing appliances, except ranges and ovens, to be vented to the outside. All fuel burning appliances in manufactured homes (excluding ranges, ovens, illuminating appliances, clothes dryers, solid fuel-burning fireplaces and solid fuel-burning stoves) must be installed to provide separation of the combustion system from the interior atmosphere of the home (i.e. to draw their combustion air from the outside).
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Masonry chimneys used by vented space heaters should be properly lined in compliance with the International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC). When NeWAP installs new equipment the installation must meet all local and state code requirements.
Masonry chimneys that have been retired (i.e. not being use by existing equipment) should be assessed for energy saving opportunities such as infiltration reduction, air sealing and capping to reduce thermal bypass.
Space heaters are self-contained devices that are generally used for heating a specific area. These types of heating devices are often associated with fires and carbon monoxide poisoning risks. Solid fueled space heaters including wood stoves, coal stoves, pellet stoves, and fireplaces and wood, coal, and pellet fired furnace and boiler systems are considered by DOE to be vented heating systems.
Action/Allowability:
Client Education:
Action/Allowability:
Primary Heat Sources:
Secondary Heat Sources:
Testing:
Client Education:
Treat vented gas- and liquid-fueled space heaters the same as furnaces in terms of combustion safety testing, repair and replacement. This policy applies to vented space heaters fueled by natural gas, propane, or oil. Venting should be tested consistent with furnaces.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is released by combustion appliances, automobiles, and cigarettes as a product of incomplete combustion. CO is normally tested in the flue of vented appliances and is usually caused by one of the following:
Action/Allowability:
Client Education:
2.0301.1 (a) Health & Safety - Safety Devices - Combustion Safety Devices - Smoke Alarm (SF) (MH)
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
2.0301.1 (b) Health & Safety - Combustion Safety Devices - Smoke Alarm (SF) (MH)
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Action/Allowability:
If the measured input is still out of range, the tech should recommend the system be inspected by the gas supplier.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Combustion appliances required oxygen or combustion air to operate and some appliances draw combustion air from inside the home or building envelope. Completing an assessment on each combustion appliance in a home ensures that a combustion air problem does not interfere with combustion, create carbon monoxide or contribute to spillage or backdrafting. Combustion appliance zones are classified as either un-confined spaces or confined spaces.
Action/Allowability:
Manufactured housing specific work standards:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
CAZ testing must include, but not be limited to:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Action/Allowability:
Action/Allowability:
When a space conditioning system does not qualify as an ECM, the following conditions must be met before the unit can be replaced or repaired with Health and Safety funds:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
WAP staff members often encounter asbestos. Asbestos sources include, but are not limited to:
NeWAP subgrantees must follow these Health & Safety - Safe Work Practices:
2.0102.1 (b) Health & Safety - Safe Work Practices - Insulation - Insulation Worker Safety (SF) (MH)
When asbestos siding is present it may be removed and replaced, but it must not be cut, sanded, or drilled.
Action/Allowability:
NeWAP Subgrantees must take all reasonable and necessary precautions to prevent asbestos contamination in the home, including but not limited to:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
NeWAP Subgrantees must take all reasonable and necessary precautions to prevent asbestos contamination in the home, including but not limited to:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
NeWAP Subgrantees must take all reasonable and necessary precautions to prevent asbestos contamination in the home including but not limited to:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Program workers frequently encounter homes in poor structural condition; however building rehabilitation is beyond the scope of the Weatherization Assistance Program. Weatherization services may be delayed until the dwelling can be made safe for crews and occupants. Incidental repairs necessary for the effective performance or preservation of weatherization materials are allowed.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
The Nebraska Weatherization Program does not fund the costs of bringing homes "up to" the latest building code requirements. However, any eligible energy efficiency work that is completed as part of the weatherization work must meet all state and local building code requirements.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Electrical Issues:
The two primary energy-related Health & Safety electrical concerns associated with weatherization work are insulating homes that contain knob-and-tube wiring and identifying overloaded electrical. Electrical safety is a basic need that impacts home weatherization and repair.
Action/Allowability:
Knob-and-Tube Wiring in Attics:
4.1001.2 (a, b, c) Insulation - Attics - General Preparation - Knob and Tube Wiring (SF)
2.0601.1 (a, b, c, d) Health & Safety - Electrical - Knob & Tube Wiring (SF)
Knob-and-Tube Wiring in Sidewalls:
Overloaded Electrical, Fuses and Splices:
Wire Gauge | Fuse Size |
---|---|
12 gauge wire | 20 amp fuse |
14 gauge wire | 15 amp fuse |
2.0105.1 (a) Health & Safety - Safe Work Practices - Baseload - Baseload Worker Safety (SF) (MH)
2.0602.1 (a, b) Health & Safety - Electrical - Electric Hazards - Static Electric Shock (SF) (MH)
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Weatherization staff must not work in unsafe and/or excessively unsanitary conditions. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, Construction Trade Safety Standards, as well as company safety standards must be observed by everyone in the NeWAP.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
On April 10, 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) "Lead; Renovation, Repair and Painting Program" (LRRPP) Final Rule became effective in the Weatherization Program. By adopting basic safety precautions workers and the occupants of the homes they weatherize will be protected from lead exposure. The U.S. Department of Energy requires subgrantees to follow specified EPA and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for worker safety.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training Requirements:
Water moves easily as a liquid or vapor from the ground through porous building materials like concrete and wood. A high groundwater table can channel moisture into a home. The most common ground-moisture source is water vapor rising through the soil or liquid water moving up through the soil by capillary action. To prevent this, all crawl spaces should have ground moisture barriers. Install or improve air barriers and vapor barriers to prevent air leakage and vapor diffusion from transporting moisture into building cavities.
Adding insulation to the walls, floor, and ceiling of a home will keep the indoor surfaces warmer and less prone to condensation. During cold weather, well-insulated homes can tolerate higher humidity without condensation than can greatly impact poorly insulated homes.
Alleviating drainage and major drainage issues are beyond the scope of the Nebraska WAP, however the following issues should be considered during the initial inspection and implementation of the work if drainage issues are encountered and presented to the client or home owner:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
All products used in Weatherization Services must be approved by the U.S. Department of Energy. Some products used may have an odor (Volatile Organic Compound or VOC) that some people may find objectionable or to which some people may experience sensitivity. If any family member or a subgrantee believes that someone in the home may be hypersensitive to, or may otherwise object to the use in the home of any of the common weatherization building material, the issue must be documented and resolved prior to the start on the work.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Radon is a natural radioactive gas found in areas of Nebraska. Radon can't be seen, smelled or tasted and has been linked to certain types of cancers.
Action/Accountability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
2.0301.1 (b) Health & Safety - Safety Devices - Combustion Safety Devices - Smoke Alarm (SF) (MH)
Testing:
Client Education:
2.0201.2 (c, d, e) Health & Safety - Combustion Safety - Combustion Safety Make-up Air (SF) (MH)
Training:
Ventilation is an important health and safety concern in homes where the blower door reading is low.
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
General Information:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Action/Allowability:
Testing:
Client Education:
Training:
Air infiltration can account for 30 percent or more of a home's heating and cooling costs and can contribute to additional problems with moisture, noise, dust, indoor air quality, and pests. Appropriate air sealing can reduce infiltration significantly to reduce heating and cooling costs, improve building durability and longevity, and create a healthier indoor environment.
To complete appropriate air sealing you must identify the location of both the air and the thermal boundaries of the home. Generally, ceilings, walls, and floor/foundation separate the inside conditioned space from the outside or unconditioned space forming both the air barrier and the thermal barrier for the house, but that is not always the case.
For example, the thermal boundary of a home's crawl space may be insulation located in the floor cavities while the foundation walls actually provide the air barrier. A visual inspection is used to verify the thermal barrier while blower door testing of the pressure planes within the home is one of the most accurate ways of identifying the air boundaries of a home.
Blower door testing is used to determine the overall air tightness of a home. Appropriate testing can help you to locate leaks, determine approximately how big the leaks are, and whether the leaks are located in areas that may significantly impact the indoor air quality of the home and the health of its residents. Pre- and post-weatherization blower door testing must be completed on all homes weatherized through the NeWAP. Documentation of the test results must be appropriately included in all client files.
Air Sealing is most effective when completed in conjunction with the blower door. Utilizing blower door guided air sealing allows you to locate and seal the largest sources of leakage and helps you to determine the effectiveness of your sealing work by providing an instantaneous reduction in the home's CFM50 Reading. The CFM50 reduction should be checked at the end of each air sealing measure or step completed to determine cost effectiveness. As the air sealing work progresses the amount of CFM reduction experienced diminishes, you are able to determine the point where continued air sealing is no longer cost-effective.
Cost Effective Blower Door Guided Air Sealing is air sealing guided by calculating effectiveness after each round of infiltration repair work completed. Dividing the labor and material costs incurred by the CFM50 Reduction gives dollar/CFM50 savings ratio. As long as the dollar/CFM50 savings ratio is less than $50.00 per 100 CFM, continue looking for air sealing opportunities. If the dollar/CFM50 Ratio is greater than $50.00 per 100 CFM, stop air sealing.
First Blower Door reading: | 5500 CFM50 |
Air Sealing Work Done: | Close opening above and around interior pocket door and hole in the wall behind the kitchen range |
Materials Used: | 1/2 sheet of dry wall, 1/4 roll R-11 batt, 2 tubes caulking, drywall tape, mud and screws. |
Labor Cost: | 2.5 hours at $25.00 = $62.50 |
Material Cost: | $63.00 |
Total: | $125.50 |
Second Blower Door reading: | 4100 CFM50 - A reduction of 1400 CFM |
Savings ratio: | $125.50 ÷ 1400 x 100 =$8.96 per 100 CFM |
The ratio is less than $50 per 100 CFM. Keep looking for air sealing opportunities. |
Second Blower Door reading: | 4100 CFM50 |
Air Sealing Work Done: | Seal around furnace flue and fire place chimney (at attic insulation line) |
Materials Used: | 10 sf tin, 6 tubes of high temp caulk, screws, and 1 small "L" bracket to secure tin to masonry chimney |
Labor Cost: | 3 hours at $25.00 = $75.00 |
Material Cost: | $140.00 |
Total: | $215.00 |
Third Blower Door reading: | 3450 CFM50 a reduction of 650 CFM |
Saving ratio: | $215.00 ÷ 650 CFM x 100 = $33.07 per 100 CFM |
The ratio is less than $50.00 per 100 CFM. Keep looking for air sealing opportunities. |
Third Blower Door reading: | 3450 CFM50 |
Air Sealing Work Done: | Caulk interior window and door trim, install window rope pulley covers, caulk attic access trim |
Labor Cost: | 2-1/2 hours at $25.00 = $62.50 |
Material Cost: | 11 tubes of caulking @ $4.50, 20 pulley covers @ $3.50, and 25 feet backer rod @ $1.00 total materials cost $123.50 |
Total: | $186.00 |
Fourth Blower Door reading: | 2700 CFM50 a reduction of 750 CFM |
Saving ratio: | $186.00 ÷ 750 CFM x 100 = $24.80 per 100 CFM |
The ratio is less than $50.00 per 100 CFM. Keep looking for air sealing opportunities. |
Fourth Blower Door reading: | 2700 CFM50 |
Air Sealing Work Done: | Seal rim joist and seal unused coal chute. |
Labor Cost: | 2 hours at $35.00 = $70.00 |
Material Cost: | 13 tubes of caulking @ $4.50, 20 feet of backer rod @ $1.50 = total materials $88.50 |
Total Measure Cost: | $158.50 |
Fifth Blower Door reading: | 2400 CFM a reduction of 300 CFM |
Savings ratio: | $158.50 ÷ 300 CFM x 100 = $52.80 per 100 CFM |
The ratio is more than $50 per 100 CFM. Stop air sealing. |
NeWAP only provides the $/CFM reduction reimbursement of the costs directly associated with blower door air sealing not with other energy savings measures (i.e. window replacements, attic insulations). Payment for blower door air sealing requires documentation verifying the infiltration reduction costs being reimbursed are directly associated with blower door guided air sealing.
Seal the largest openings first progressively working to the smaller openings. Stack effect makes it most effective to start air sealing at the top of the structure and work your way down to the lower areas of the home. The following areas/building areas provide special sealing challenges and should always checked in your air sealing process:
3.1001.2 (a, b, c, d, e, f) Air Sealing – Attics – Penetrations and Chases - Chase Capping (SF)
3.1003.4 (a, b, c, d, e) Air Sealing - Attics - Dropped Ceilings and Soffits - Dropped Ceilings (SF)
3.1003.6 (a, b, c, d, e) Air Sealing - Attics - Dropped Ceilings and Soffits - Dropped Soffits (SF)
3.1003.3 (a, b, c, d, e) Air Sealing - Attics - Dropped Ceilings - Above closets and tubs (SF)
3.1601.1 (h, i) Air Sealing - Ducts - Duct Preparation - Boot to Wood and Boot to Gypsum (SF)
3.1005.1 (a, b, c) Air Sealing - Attics - Other Ceiling Materials - Tongue and Grove Ceilings (SF)
Should be completed following the implementation of the Audit recommended Energy Efficiency Measures. As with primary air sealing, seal the largest leaks and work your way down to the smaller leaks. And due to stack effect, it is also most beneficial to start sealing at the highest level of the home and work your way down. Common secondary air sealing Measures include but are not limited to:
Interior joints may be caulked if blower door testing indicates substantial leakage. These joints include where baseboard, crown molding and/or casing meet the wall/ceiling/floor surfaces. Gaps around surface-mounted or recessed light fixtures and ventilation fans should also be caulked if appropriate.
Subgrantees must complete all cost-effective air sealing opportunities and all project files must provide clear and adequate documentation of the installer's efforts to appropriately air seal the home.
Air Sealing Material Standards installed through the NeWAP must form a permanent and airtight seal, must match the existing surfaces as closely as possible, and meet the following requirements:
Manufactured Housing Air Sealing requirements:
Some dwellings may not reach the air sealing standards because of structural conditions or other factors. Exceptions are allowed when:
Subgrantees must complete all cost-effective air sealing opportunities and all project files must provide clear and adequate documentation of the installer's efforts to appropriately air seal the home.
Window and door replacements can sometimes be replaced based on energy savings, generally replacement is not a cost-effective measure through the NeWAP. However replacements may be completed if the unit(s) is appropriately documented in the client file as "beyond repair". The NeWAP does cover costs associated with cost-effective repair and air sealing work on exterior doors, exterior windows, storm doors and storm windows.
All work related to window and door repair/replacement must be completed using lead-safe weatherization practices.
Window replacements completed through the NeWAP must be shown as cost-effective through the home's Energy Audit, unless the unit(s) is documented in the client file as beyond repair. However windows in many homes are a major source of air leakage, therefore repair and air sealing work on exterior and storm windows is an eligible expenditure.
This work includes, but is not limited to:
Door Repair and Air Sealing
Door replacements can sometimes be replaced based on energy savings; generally replacement is not a cost-effective measure through the NeWAP. Replace doors only when the replacement provides an SIR of 1.0 or the door is damaged beyond repair and its condition has been appropriately documented. However doors in many homes are a major source of air leakage, therefore repair and air sealing work on exterior doors is an eligible expenditure. This work includes, but is not limited to:
Window Replacement Requirements
Window can sometimes be replaced based on energy savings, generally replacement is not a cost-effective measure through the NeWAP. Replace windows only when the window achieves an SIR of 1.0 or better when evaluated under the "Evaluate All" Replacement Option or the when the window is damaged beyond repair and its condition has been appropriately documented. Windows replaced through the NeWAP in framed or modular homes, or multifamily buildings must have:
Windows replaced in manufactured homes through the NeWAP must have:
Storm Window and Screen Repair and Replacement
Storm window and screen replacements are generally not cost-effective energy conservation measures. Replace storm windows only if they are indicated as cost-effective by achieving an SIR of 1.0 or better when evaluated under the "Evaluate All" replacement Option.
Storm windows replaced through the NeWAP in manufactured homes must have:
Door Replacement
Door replacements can sometimes be replaced based on energy savings; generally replacement is not a cost-effective measure through the NeWAP. Replace doors only when the replacement provides an SIR of 1.0 or the door is damaged beyond repair and its condition has been appropriately documented. Exterior doors replaced through the NeWAP single family homes or multi-family buildings must have:
Exterior doors replaced through the NeWAP in manufactured homes must have:
Below and Grade Level doors replaced through the NeWAP in single family, manufactured housing, or multi-family buildings must:
Air sealing floors separates the inside conditioned space from the outside or unconditioned space forming an appropriate air barrier. The following standards must be followed when NeWAP subgrantees air sealing penetrations in floors:
3.1302.1 (a, b, c, d, e) Air Sealing - Floors - Floor Framing-Bay Window (MH)
Air sealing basements and crawl spaces separates the inside conditioned space from the outside or unconditioned space forming an appropriate air barrier. The following standards must be followed when NeWAP subgrantees air sealing penetrations in basements and crawl spaces or when the following special conditions are encountered:
Insulated Skirting Installation Requirements
If underbellies or exposed floors are un-insulated and inaccessible, insulated skirting may be installed if it is determined in the Energy Audit to be cost-effective.
Sealing, repairing and insulating existing accessible ductwork provides Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program (NeWAP) clients with energy cost reductions and improved comfort. Sealing leaky ducts also help to improve indoor air quality.
Prior to sealing and/or insulating ducts NeWAP subgrantees must:
3.1601.2 (a, b) Ducts - Duct Preparation - Preparation for SPF Application (SF) (MH)
3.1601.3 (a) Ducts - Duct Preparation - Support (SF)
3.1601.4 (a) Ducts - Duct Preparation - Support for Horizontal, Suspended Ducts (MH)
Prior to sealing and/or insulating ducts NeWAP subgrantees must verify and make reasonable attempts to ensure that duct systems are providing balanced, adequate airflow to living spaces. When airflow is a problem subgrantees must consider the following options:
3.1602.4 (a, b, c, d) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Air Sealing System Components (SF)
Duct Sealing
Manufactured housing specific work standards
3.1602.4 (a, b, c, d) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Air Sealing System Components (SF)
3.1602.12 (a, b, c) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Air Sealing System Components (MH)
3.1602.1 (a, b, c) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Air Sealing Duct System (SF)
3.1602.2 (a) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Duct Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Installation (SF) (MH)
3.1602.5 (a, b, c) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Return-Framed Platform (SF)
3.1602.7 (a, b) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Return and Supply Plenums in Basements and Crawl Spaces (SF)
3.1602.9 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Crossover Ducts (MH)
3.1602.10 (a, b, c, d, e, f) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Hard and Flex Branch Ducts (MH)
3.1602.11 (a, b, c, d) Ducts - Duct Sealing - Air Sealing System (MH)
The following standards must be followed when NeWAP subgrantees air seal additions attached to manufactured housing:
Appropriate installation is required for insulation to provide energy savings and increase occupant comfort. The insulation must be installed:
Fiberglass batt insulation installed in a living area must be covered with paneling, plywood, chipboard, hardboard or drywall, with the exception of sill box insulation. If the installed covering is:
Prior to installing attic insulation subgrantees must inspect for, prepare for and document the following issues/concerns:
Air Sealing
Knob & Tube Wiring
4.1001.2 (a, b, c) Insulation - Attics - General Preparation - Knob and Tube Wiring (SF)
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Knob and tube critical wiring points |
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Detail A |
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Detail B |
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Detail C |
Once the determination of the wire locations is documented in the client file, the wiring may be appropriately shielded as indicated above to prevent direct contact with the additional insulation and to provide adequate air movement space for cooling of the wire. Following appropriate shielding, insulation may be installed over the shielding.
Recessed Lighting
Shielding, Damming and Junction Boxes
Manufactured housing specific work standards
4.1001.4 (a) Insulation - Attics - General Preparation - Venting Eave of Soffit Baffles (SF)
4.1001.5 (a) Insulation - Attics - General Preparation - Dense Pack Preparation (SF)
Attic Accesses and Hatch Standards
4.1006.2 (a, b, c, e) Insulation - Attics - Attic Openings - Access Doors and Hatches (SF)
Special Considerations
Worker and Client Safety
2.0401.1 (a) Health & Safety - Moisture- Air Sealing - Air Sealing Moisture Problems (SF) (MH)
Ventilation/Attic Ventilation Installation Standards
6.6005.1 (a, b, c, d, e) Ventilation - Exhaust - Appliance Exhaust Vents - Clothes Dryer (SF) (MH)
4.1088.1 (a, b, c, d, e) Insulation - Attics - Special Considerations - Attic Ventilation (SF)
4.1088.3 (a, b, c) Insulation - Attics - Special Considerations - Skylights (SF)
Installing attic insulation appropriately is critical to ensure energy cost savings and client comfort. Insulation should be installed according to manufacturer's installation standards.
Generally, in the NeWAP, blown-in insulation is installed in attics because it provides a more continuous coverage and it has the capability of easily filling existing holes and insulation gaps. To avoid settling, the insulation must be installed based on manufacturer's specification, to a uniform depth and density for proper coverage.
The following standards must be met by NeWAP subgrantees installing attic insulation:
4.1005.1 (a, b, c) Insulation - Attics - Attic Floors - Accessible Floors - Batt Insulation (sf?)
4.1006.3 (a, b, c, d, e) Insulation - Attics - Attic Openings - Whole House Fan (SF)
Manufactured housing specific work standards
Preparation and Installation Standards
In knee wall attics or attics in one-and-a-half story homes subgrantees must:
4.1004.1 (a, b) Insulation - Attics - Knee Walls - Preparation for Dense Packing (SF)
4.1004.3 (a, b, c, d) Insulation - Attics - Knee Walls - Strapping for Existing Insulation (SF)
4.1004.4 (a, b, c, d) Insulation - Attics - Knee Walls - Knee Wall Without Framing (SF)
4.1004.2 (a, b, c) Insulation - Attics - Knee Walls - Preparation for Batt Insulation (SF)
Walk-Up Stair Attic Insulation Preparation and Installation Standards
In attics with walk-up stairs and door, subgrantees must:
Attics With Retractable Stairs - Insulation Preparation and Installation Standards
In attics with retractable stairways, subgrantees must:
4.1006.1 (a, b, c, d) Insulation - Attics - Attic Openings - Pull-Down Stairs (SF)
The following standards must be followed when NeWAP subgrantees insulate attic areas that incorporate the following special construction considerations:
4.1088.1 (a, b, c, d, e) Insulation - Attics - Special Considerations - Attic Ventilation (SF)
4.1088.3 (a, b, c) Insulation - Attics - Special Considerations - Skylights (SF)
Prior to installing wall insulation subgrantees must inspect for, repair and document the following issues/concerns:
4.1101.1 (a, b) Insulation - Walls - Preparation - Exterior Wall Dense Packing (SF)
4.1101.5 (a, b) Insulation - Walls - Preparation - Exterior Wall Dense Packing (MH)
In homes with accessible, open wall cavities Subgrantees must:
4.1102.1 (a, b, c, d) Insulation - Walls - Accessible Walls - Open Wall Insulation - General (SF)
Exterior, Exterior Wall Insulation Installation Standards
Appropriate installation of wall insulation is essential to ensuring energy cost savings and client comfort. Insulation should be installed according to manufacturer's installation standards. In homes where exterior wall cavities are being blown, subgrantees must:
4.1103.1 (a, b) Insulation - Walls - Enclosed Walls - Dense Pack Exterior Walls (SF)
Exterior, Exterior Wall Insulation Installation Standards
Appropriate installation of wall insulation is essential to ensuring energy cost savings and client comfort. Insulation should be installed according to manufacturer's installation standards and the following standards:
Preparation and Inspection Requirements
In homes where a floor serves as an air/thermal boundary, prior to installing floor insulation subgrantees must inspect for, prepare for and document the following issues/concerns:
General Floor Insulation Installation Standards
Non-Exposed Floor Installation Standards
Exposed Floor Insulation Installation Standards
Preparation and Inspection Requirements
In manufactured homes where a floor serves as an air/thermal boundary, prior to installing floor insulation subgrantees must complete an inspection of the floor assembly and document any issues/concerns found.
Preparation Requirements
Prior to installing rim joist insulation subgrantees must inspect for, prepare for and document the following issues/concerns:
Insulation Installation Requirements
Insulating accessible foundations and sealing the thermal boundary(s) in the lower levels of buildings, can provide significant comfort and energy savings. Sealing at the lower level helps to reduce stack effects that can impact ductwork leakage in lower levels and indoor air quality.
Preparation and Air Sealing Requirements
Prior to installing foundation insulation subgrantees must inspect for, prepare for and document the following issues/concerns:
General Foundation Insulation Installation Requirements
Basement Wall Installation Requirements
Crawl Space and Ledged Basement Walls Installation Requirements
Sealing, repairing and insulating existing accessible ductwork provides Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program (NeWAP) clients with energy cost reductions and improved comfort. Sealing leaky ducts also help to improve indoor air quality.
Prior to sealing and/or insulating ducts NeWAP subgrantees must:
3.1601.2 (a, b) Ducts - Duct Preparation - Preparation for SPF Application (SF) (MH)
3.1601.3 (a) Ducts - Duct Preparation - Support (SF)
3.1601.4 (a) Ducts - Duct Preparation - Support for Horizontal, Suspended Ducts (MH)
Prior to sealing and/or insulating ducts NeWAP subgrantees must verify and make reasonable attempts to ensure that duct systems are providing balanced, adequate airflow to living spaces. When airflow is a problem subgrantees must consider the following options:
Duct Insulation
4.1601.2 (a, b, c, d) Ducts - Insulating Ducts - Insulating Metal Ducts (SF)
4.1601.3 (a, b, c) Ducts - Insulating Ducts - Insulation and Vapor Barrier (MH)
4.1601.5 (a, b, c, d, e) Ducts - Insulating Ducts - Insulating Metal Ducts (MH)
Heating System Replacement Requirements
The following standards must be followed when furnaces are replaced/installed through the Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program:
Replacement Heating System General Requirements
Replacement Heating System Venting, Piping and Ducting General Requirements
5.3001.2 (a, b, c) Heating and Cooling - Forced Air - Design - Ductwork and Termination Design (SF)
Cooling System Replacements Requirements
Cooling system replacements completed through the NeWAP must be shown as cost-effective through the home's Energy Audit, with appropriate documentation included in the client file, and must not be charged to the health and safety line item.
The following standards must be followed for air conditioner or heat pump replacements to be reimbursed as eligible expenditures:
Manufactured housing specific work standards
Ductwork Replacement Requirements
New ductwork installed through the NeWAP must meet the following requirements:
5.3001.2 (a, b, c) Heating and Cooling - Forced Air - Design - Ductwork and Termination Design (SF)
Replacement Heating System Thermostat General Requirements
Heating System Assessment/Inspection Requirements
Prior to weatherizing the building envelope, all eligible heating plants must be inspected by a Qualified Heating Technician, utility company or Trained Weatherization Staff. During testing, make appropriate efforts to repair and adjust the existing furnace or boiler, before deciding to replace it. Replacement parts like gas valves and controls for older heating units are commonly available.
Safety Inspection Requirements
The safety inspection must include all of the following that apply to the heating system being inspected:
The following additional standards must be followed when heating systems are designed, inspected, repaired, tune and cleaned and/or replaced through the Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program:
Heating System Clean & Tune and Maintenance Requirements
The following standards must be followed when heating systems are repaired and/or tuned and cleaned through the Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program:
Gas Fired Furnace Clean and Tune requirements:
Electric Furnace Clean and Tune requirements:
Cooling System Maintenance
The NeWAP provides limited funding to complete repair and/or maintenance on existing central cooling systems, including:
The following standards must be followed when hydronic heating systems are designed, repaired and/or tuned and cleaned through the Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program:
Achieving effective exhaust in all buildings requires appropriate the design, configuration, connection, insulation (depending on location), equipment and terminations. NeWAP subgrantees must utilize the following standards for implementing exhaust ventilation.
6.6002.1 (a, b, c, d) Ventilation - Exhaust - Components - Ducts (SF)
6.6002.2 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) Ventilation - Exhaust - Components - Terminations (SF)
6.6002.4 (a, b, c, d, e, f) Ventilation - Exhaust - Components - Ducts (Exhaust Fans) (MH)
NeWAP subgrantees must adhere to the following standards for the purchase and installation of exhaust fans.
6.6003.2 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i) Ventilation - Exhaust - Fans - Inline (SF) (MH)
6.6003.3 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) Ventilation - Exhaust - Fans - Through the Wall (SF)
Dryer Vents
Venting dryers indoors, into an attic or other areas of a home can lead to mold to growth, respiratory or more serious health conditions. NeWAP Subgrantees must vent existing unvented or improperly vented clothes dryers to the exterior of the home using the following installation standards:
6.6003.3 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) Ventilation - Exhaust - Fans - Through the Wall (SF)
6.6005.1 (a, b, c, d, e) Ventilation - Exhaust - Appliance Exhaust Vents - Clothes Dryer (SF) (MH)
Kitchen Range Vents
Venting kitchen range vent indoors, into an attic or other areas of a home can lead to mold to growth, respiratory or more serious health conditions. NeWAP Subgrantees must vent existing unvented or improperly vented kitchen range vents to the exterior of the home.
6.6003.3 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k) Ventilation - Exhaust - Fans - Through the Wall (SF)
Successfully supplying air into a building with appropriate the design, configuration, connection, insulation (depending on location), equipment and terminations help to improve indoor air quality and prevent condensation. NeWAP subgrantees must utilize the following standards for providing supply air in a home.
6.6102.2 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) Ventilation - Supply - Components - Intakes (SF)
NeWAP subgrantees must utilize the following standards regarding supply air in conjunction with garages.
6.6003.5 (b, c) Ventilation - Exhaust - Fans - Garage Exhaust Fan (MH)
Mechanical Ventilation to Ensure Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
NeWAP subgrantees must implement the latest version of ASHRAE 62.2 to ensure acceptable indoor air quality in weatherized homes and all project files must include appropriate ventilation sizing documentation.
6.6202.1 (a, b, c, d, e) Ventilation - Whole Building Ventilation - Components - Controls (SF)
Baseload is the energy consumed in the home that is not related to heating and/or cooling the home. Baseloads include the energy used for lighting, appliances, and water heating, but also includes plug loads for televisions, radios, computers, etc. and they are generally consistent from month to month.
The EPA estimates that replacing a 1980’s refrigerator can save about $140 per year and replacing a 1970’s refrigerator can save about $200 per year. Refrigerators built post 1990 use less electricity and can have a great impact on reducing a client’s electric baseload.
Inspect the existing unit, there are two methods allowed to estimate the savings that result from replacing an existing refrigerator. These methods must be incorporated into the initial inspection and energy audit:
The NEAT/MHEA Audit indicates a minimum of 60 minutes and a maximum of 360 minutes, the appliance must be metered for a minimum of 60 minutes (1 hours). Record the kWh usage and the number of minutes from the data logger on the Client Home Energy Audit.
If no manufacturer and model number information is available on the unit energy use of the existing unit must be verified by installing a digital power meter.
If the Energy Audit has determined that the replacement of multiple appliances is cost-effective, discuss the possibility with the client. Greater energy savings are realized if multiple appliances can be replaced with one (1) appliance.
7.8001.1 (a, b, c) Baseload – Plug Load – Refrigerator – Refrigerator Replacement (SF) (MH)
Lighting upgrades are one of the most cost-effective options available for reducing a buildings base load. Replacing traditional lights and upgrading switching can save 75% or more on your client's lighting energy costs. Lighting Measures that are indicated as cost-effective in the Energy Audit must be implemented.
7.8003.1 (a, b) Baseload - Plug Load - Lighting - Lighting Upgrade (SF) (MH)
Water Heating is generally the second highest source of energy usage in a home. The costs associated with water heater repair and/or replacements are eligible for reimbursement through the NeWAP. Water Heating Measures that are indicated as cost-effective in the Energy Audit must be implemented.
Water Saving Showerheads, Faucet Aerators, and Leaky Faucets
Don't just consider the water they waste; they also waste the energy that was used to heat the water being lost.
Inspection requirement
Manufactured housing specific work standards
Safety Inspection Standards
The safety inspection must include all of the following that apply to the water heating system being inspected:
2.0105.1 (a) Health & Safety - Safe Work Practices - Baseload - Baseload Worker Safety (SF)
Water Heater Tank and Pipe Insulation and Distribution System improvements help to reduce heat loss. These types of improvements can also help to reduce the amount of time that people wait for hot water after they turn on the faucet or shower.
Tank and Pipe Insulation Requirements
A
Accessible Attic: An attic with a minimum 24 inch clearance measured from the bottom of the top cord or ridge board to the top of the ceiling joists.
Accessible Ductwork/Hydronic Pipes: Ductwork or hydronic pipes with a minimum twenty four (24) inch clearance on a minimum of two (2) sides of the ductwork or hydronic pipes.
Accessible Foundation: A foundation with a minimum 24 inch clearance measured from the bottom of the floor joist to the ground.
Accessible Knee Walls: A knee wall with a minimum 36 inch clearance measured from the top of the floor joist to the bottom of the rafters and a minimum 36 inch clearance measured from the knee wall to the exterior wall.
Air Infiltration Barrier: A covering that will allow moisture out and not allow air into a space or wall cavity.
Atmospherically Vented Combustion Appliance: The most common type of gas appliances are atmospherically vented. They use a natural way to move the flue gases from the unit out with a vertical metal pipe, sometimes connected to the chimney, where the hot flue gases rise through the draft hood and flue pipe, and out into the atmosphere. The advantage of these types of appliances is the lower cost of the units and installation; however they also generally have a lower efficiency rate than the other systems.
B
Backdraft Damper: A damper that allows air to flow in only one direction.
Basement: The bottom full height story of a building below the first floor. A basement may be partially or completely below grade.
Building Envelope: The elements of a building between the interior and exterior environments that includes a combination of both the air and thermal barrier.
C
Trained Weatherization Staff: A subgrantee staff person who has successfully completed appropriate training to perform a task in the weatherization program.
CFM50: Cubic feet per minute of airflow at a 50 Pascal pressure difference between the interior and exterior of a structure.
Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ ): An area containing one or more atmospherically vented combustion appliances.
Conditioned: A space or area that contains a source intended specifically to heat or cool that space.
Continuous Ventilation: The process of mechanically removing stale air from a building or room by providing fresh air on a slow, continuous basis.
Cost Effective Blower Door Guided Air Sealing: The process of using a blower door to pressurize a home or building to determine the energy savings ratio between the calculated air sealing cost and infiltration reduction.
Crawl Space: A space below the first floor of a conditioned or unconditioned building that is less than full story height.
Crossover Duct: Enclosed air pathway to move conditioned air from one side of a double-wide manufactured home to the other side or from a manufactured home to a frame edition.
D
Dense Pack: The process of installing loose-fill insulation at a density that allows it to reduce air flow and perform to a stated R-value.
Distribution System: The enclosed pathway for conditioned air to travel to and from the heating/cooling plant. It must include but is not limited to the metal or fiber duct, panned floor cavity, designated wall cavity and the point where funnels and boots meet the wall or floor.
Direct Vent Appliances: Direct vent units are generally newer units designed to supply outdoor air directly to the sealed combustion chamber and then exhaust the flue gases to the outside of the home. Direct vent units include most condensing furnaces, manufactured home furnaces, manufactured home water heaters and some space heaters.
Disabled/Inoperable Heating Plants: Heating plants that have had the fuel source disconnected and/or capped and the flue disconnected.
E
Egress Window: A window that people can escape through in an emergency. The location, size and clearance requirements are dictated by the local building jurisdiction.
Eligible Heating Plant: A furnace or boiler that utilizes natural gas, propane, fuel oil or electricity as the fuel/energy source. Eligible heating plants include forced air, gravity, wall, floor, electric baseboard, manufactured home furnaces, heat pumps and boilers. Gravity furnaces that have been retrofitted with a blower or that have been converted from one fuel source or another are also eligible.
Exposed Floors: A floor that is in direct contact with the outside air (i.e. cantilevers, floors of bay or bow windows, garage ceilings, etc.).
F
Finished Attic: An attic space in a home that has been converted into an additional living space.
Fenestration: Openings in the walls of a building structure (i.e. windows, doors, etc.).
Friable: Material that can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the pressure of an ordinary human hand.
H
Hard Wired Alarms: Alarms (Smoke, Propane, CO, Moisture) that are wired directly into the building's electrical system.
Heat Source: Type-B vent, masonry chimneys that vent natural gas or propane and exhaust fans.
Heating Plant: A boiler or furnace, not including the flue, fuel piping, thermostat, distribution system, etc.
Heating System: A heating plant and the associated connections necessary for operation including, but not limited to, the flue, fuel piping, thermostat, distribution system, etc.
High-Heat Source: Heat produced through the combustion process by solid fuel and/or fuel oil combustion appliances. Recessed lighting is also considered a high-heat source.
Hydronic Pipes: Piping system used to distribute water or steam to and from water boilers or steam boilers.
I
Inaccessible Underbellies: A manufactured home underbelly with less than 24 inches clearance, measured from the weatherboard to the ground at the area to be weatherized.
Incidental Repair Cost: repair costs related to ensuring the effective performance or preservation of a new or existing weatherization measure.
Infiltration: The uncontrolled passage of outside air into a building through leaks in the building envelope.
Insulated Glass: The combination of two or more panes of glass sealed with air or inert gas between the panes.
K
Knee Wall: A vertical wall between an attic and a conditioned space.
L
Ledged Basement: A basement constructed with a concrete or dirt ledge less than 6 feet front to back, around the perimeter of the foundation. The ledge may be only around a portion of the foundation wall. Ledges more than 6 feet front to back are considered a crawl space.
Living Area: An area within the conditioned building envelope that is used on a regular basis for sleeping, eating, bathing etc.
M
Manufactured Housing: Commonly known as manufactured homes, is a type of prefabricated home that is assembled in a factory and transported to a site.
MERV (Minimum Efficacy Reporting Value) Filter: A filter that is tested, and rated, for its ability to filter and remove different size partials (pollutants) from the air. Basically, the higher the MERV rating, the higher the filtering performance.
Multi-family Buildings: The U.S. Department of Energy defines multifamily buildings based primarily on building size and heating characteristics:
O
Orphaned Equipment: A smaller combustion appliance (e.g., water heater) that remains in place after a larger appliance, that was commonly vented with the remaining unit, is removed or replaced and no longer utilizes the common vent. The larger exhaust flue or chimney that the unit continues to utilize is generally larger than necessary for the remaining smaller appliance.
P
Perm Rating: The measurement of a material's ability to allow the transfer of water vapor through the material.
Pressure Treated: Lumber that has been commercially treated under pressure with a wood preservative to prevent damage from moisture, insects, fungi and other forms of biological decay.
Programmable Thermostat/Setback Thermostat: A thermostat designed to adjust temperature settings according to a series of programmed settings that take effect at different set times of the day.
Q
Qualified Heating Technician: An individual or company that is specifically involved in the installation and/or servicing of residential heating/cooling systems.
Qualified Plumbing Technician: An individual or company that is specifically involved in the installation and/or servicing of residential plumbing systems.
Quality Control Inspection: An inspection that verifies that the work completed on the home complies with quality work standards and program regulations as defined by the Nebraska Energy Office and the U.S. Department of Energy.
S
Safety Glass: A type of glass that is designed to resist breaking, and to break in a way that minimizes the risk of injuries in the event the glass cannot withstand the forces on it.
Safety Inspection: An inspection performed by a Qualified Heating Technician, a natural gas utility, a propane supplier or Trained Weatherization Staff.
SIR (Savings to Investment ratio): A ratio of economic performance as calculated by NEAT/MHEA and MULTEA audits. An SIR of 1.0 indicates the weatherization measure will pay for itself one time during its life.
Spray-Applied Insulation: Insulation manufactured specifically to be spray-applied.
Stack Effect: The tendency for warm air to move upwards in a building or chimney, creating pressure differentials.
T
Tempered Glass: Toughened type of safety glass processed by control thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass.
Tube-fill Method: An insulation technique developed to install high density blown insulation in enclosed cavities.
Type-S-Fuse: A non-removable adapter that is screwed into the fuse socket permitting only one size fuse to be installed.
U
Unconditioned: An space or area having no source of heating or cooling.
Under-cut: To cut the bottom of an interior door to allow return air to flow from that area to the furnace compartment or common return.
Unsafe Water Heater: A unit that
Unvented Combustion Space Heater: An unvented gas heating unit generally intended to supply heat to a small area.
V
Vapor Barrier: A material that retards the passage of water vapor and contains a perm rating of less than 1.
Vapor Retarder: A material that slows the passage of water vapor and contains a perm rating above 1.
W
Weatherboard: A covering consisting of a minimum # 30 felt paper, exterior grade plywood, fiberboard, an air infiltration barrier or a material specifically manufactured as manufactured home weatherboard installed on the underside of a manufactured home to support and protect the floor insulation.
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Durable and wrist-protecting gloves will be worn that can withstand work activity
Objective(s):
Minimize skin contact with contaminants
Protect hands from hazards
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Unsafe | Safe |
Recognize potential risks | Wear appropriate hand protection |
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GOOD: | Unsafe |
Wear nitrile gloves when handling mastic | Inspect gloves for holes and damage to minimize risk |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
If the risk of airborne contaminants cannot be prevented, proper r espiratory protection will be provided and worn (e.g., N-95 or equivalent face mask)
When applying low pressure 2-component spray polyurethane foam, air purifying masks with an organic vapor cartridge and P-100 particulate filter will be used
When applying high-pressure SPF insulation, supplied air respirators (SARs) will be used
Consult MSDSs for respiratory protection requirements
Objective(s):
Minimize exposure to airborne contaminants (e.g., insulation materials, mold spores, feces, bacteria, chemicals)
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Workers need to properly protect their airways when retrofitting | Retrofits can have multiple different respiratory protection requirements |
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Whenever airborne contaminants are a possibility, wear an N-95 mask | For two-component spray insulation, P-100 respirators should be used |
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When working with high-pressure spray foam, use a Supplied Air Respirator | All P-100s should be fitted to the individual worker |
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When unsure what level of protection is necessary, check the MSDS |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
An electrical safety assessment will be performed
All electric tools will be protected by ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)
Three-wire type extension cords will be used with portable electric tools
Worn or frayed electrical cords will not be used
Water sources (e.g., condensate pans) and electrical sources will be kept separate
Metal ladders will be avoided
Special precautions will be taken if knob and tube wiring is present
Aluminum foil products will be kept away from live wires
For arc flash hazards, NFPA will be consulted
Objective(s):
Avoid electrical shock and arc flash hazards
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Inspect house for unsafe electrical situations | Attics and crawl spaces should be inspected closely for electrical safety before work begins |
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Use GFCIs and three-wire extension cords for all power tools | Electrical wiring should not be located near a water source |
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Use fiberglass ladders in place of metal | Follow NFPA guidelines for arc flash hazards |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
All homes will have a carbon monoxide alarm
Ambient CO will be monitored during combustion testing and testing will be discontinued if ambient
CO level inside the home or work space exceeds 35 parts per million (ppm)
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant health
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
STOP WORK if CO levels are higher than 35 ppm!! | Install carbon monoxide alarms |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
MSDSs and OSHA regulations will be consulted for protective clothing and equipment
Eye protection will always be worn (e.g., Safety glasses, goggles if not using full-face respirator)
Objective(s):
Protect worker from skin contact with contaminants
Minimize spread of contaminants
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Before | After |
Workers should be aware of work required and dress appropriately | Ensure workers have proper protective equipment for work environment |
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
This worker has donned some PPE, but is not fully protected. | The worker has donned proper PPE, and is fully protected. |
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Select the proper PPE according to the task to be performed. More volatile substances require more protection. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Access and egress points will be located before beginning work
Inspection will be conducted for frayed electrical wires
Adequate ventilation will be provided
Use of toxic material will be reduced
Objective(s):
Prevent build-up of toxic or flammable contaminants
Provide adequate access and egress points
Prevent electrical shock
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Unsafe | After |
Inspect confined spaces for safety concerns and hazards before work begins | Locate all access and egress points of confined spaces before entering |
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Visual Inspection | Best Practice |
Ensure proper personal protective equipment is worn and that workers are aware of ingress and egress points | Perform visual inspection of confined spaces before beginning work |
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In confined spaces, use a ventilator | Check for frayed or worn electrical wires |
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Check GHS labels and Safety Data Sheets for all materials to minimize hazards | Do NOT use hazardous materials in confined spaces - particularly those carrying these GHS warnings |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Power tools will be inspected and used in accordance with manufacturer specifications and OSHA regulations to eliminate hazards such as those associated with missing ground prongs, ungrounded circuits, misuse of power tools, noise, and improper or defective cords or extension cords
All devices used will be verified as GFCI protected or double insulated
Exhaust gases from compressors and generators will be prevented from entering interior space
Objective(s):
Prevent power tool injuries
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Before | After |
Worker is using a circular saw with no eye or ear protection, and is not properly supporting the material to be cut. | Worker is cutting off of a stable surface, with appropriate eye and ear protection. |
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Inspect power and extension cords closely for damage. Follow manufacturer's instructions for repair or replacement. | Generator has been moved off the trailer to ensure no buildup of harmful exhaust gases. |
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Make sure tools are GFCI-protected or double insulated |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Hazardous materials will be handled in accordance with manufacturer specifications or MSDS standards to eliminate hazards associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sealants, insulation, contaminated drywall, dust, foams, asbestos, lead, mercury, and fibers
Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided
Workers will be trained on how to use PPE
Workers will be expected to always use appropriate PPE during work
Objective(s):
Prevent worker exposure to toxic substances
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Appropriate PPE will be used (e.g., knee pads, bump caps, additional padding)
Proper equipment will be used for work
Proper lifting techniques will be used
Objective(s):
Prevent injuries from awkward postures, repetitive motions, and improper lifting
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Workers will take precautions to protect themselves on the job site | Hard hats, knee pads, bump caps, and team lifts help to prevent injury |
Visit OSHA - Safety and Health Topics - Ergonomics for additional guidance.
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Hand tools will be used for intended purpose
Objective(s):
Prevent hand tool injuries
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Before | After |
Using tools for other than their intended purpose is dangerous | Use tools in a manner consistent with their intended purpose |
Use hand tools only in a manner consistent with their intended purpose. Doing otherwise can cause serious injuries, damage to the tools, damage to materials and equipment. Besides being unsafe, the practice represents poor workmanship and leads to low quality results.
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Caution will be used around power cords, hoses, tarps, and plastic sheeting
Precautions will be taken when ladders are used, when working at heights, or when balancing on joists
Walk boards will be used when practical
Appropriate footwear and clothing will be worn
Objective(s):
Prevent injuries due to slips, trips, and falls
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Appropriate ventilation, hydration, rest breaks, and cooling equipment will be provided
911 will be dialed when necessary
Objective(s):
Prevent heat stroke, heat stress, and cold stress related injuries
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Attics and crawl spaces can be dangerous work places in the heat | Keep workers comfortable with hydration and cool vests |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Ignition sources will be identified and eliminated (e.g., turn off pilot lights and fuel supply)
Use of flammable material will be reduced and fire-rated materials will be used
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Unsafe | After |
Fire hazards like this should be removed from the work area with the permission and/or assistance of the homeowner. | After potentially dangerous items have been removed, set combustion appliances to off or pilot to minimize risk of fire. |
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Remove items in close proximity to flue pipes with homeowner permission and/or assistance. | Turn wall mounted heaters off. |
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Sometimes it may even be necessary to turn the fuel supply off to service an appliance. | When sealing around heat sources like flue pipes, code approved fire-rated materials should always be used. |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Assess potential asbestos hazard; if unsure whether material contains asbestos, contact a qualified asbestos professional to assess the material and to sample and test as needed
If suspected ACM is in good condition, do not disturb
If suspected ACM is damaged (e.g., unraveling, frayed, breaking apart), immediately isolate the area(s)
For suspected ACM that is damaged or that will be disturbed as part of the retrofit activity, contact an asbestos professional for abatement or repair in accordance with federal, state, and local requirements; only a licensed or trained professional may abate, repair, or remove ACM
When working around ACM, do not:
Asbestos abatement or repair work should be completed prior to blower door testing; exercise appropriate caution when conducting blower door testing where friable asbestos or vermiculite attic insulation is present to avoid drawing asbestos fibers into the living space (i.e., use positively pressurized blower door testing) unless the material has been tested and found not to contain asbestos
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from potential asbestos hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Presence of lead based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
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EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
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1 | 2 |
Clean tools and sample site to prevent contamination | Cut sample site at an angle to expose all older paint layers |
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3 | 4 |
Break capsules and shake to mix reagents. Swab sample site for 30 seconds | Check swab for reaction |
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5 | 6 |
Red indicates lead positive. White is lead negative. | If negative, verify validity of test with provided calibration card |
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7 | 8 |
Lead in calibration card should test positive and turn red | Record test results to maintain documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
The source of all contaminants (e.g., sewage, dead animals, needles) will be corrected, repaired, or removed before performing inspections that require complete access to the crawlspace
If appropriate, the contaminant will be neutralized and/or a protective barrier will be installed in the area
Objective(s):
Ensure work safety
Prevent worker exposure to hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker safety specifications will be in accordance with SWS Global Worker Safety
Complete safety action plan based on hazard; plan will be in place for each job site
Objective(s):
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Exposed earth will be covered with a continuous, durable, and sealed class I vapor retarder that is suitable for ground contact exposure to normal service traffic
Causes of air dew points greater than 55°F will be identified and eliminated in crawl spaces connected to conditioned spaces
Seasonal dehumidification (e.g., dehumidified or conditioned with air conditioner supply) will be recommended where humidity sources, including outdoor air incursion, cannot be eliminated
Undesigned penetrations between the crawl space or basement and the outdoors will be sealed living space will be sealed
Holes between the crawl space or basement and the living space will be sealed
Open sumps and intentional slab or vapor barrier penetrations will be sealed or capped to control moisture and radon levels
Objective(s):
Ensure durability of repairs
Reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Reduce potential for occupant exposure to radon and other soil gases
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Moisture sources in the building will be identified and reduced or removed
Where local ventilation will be installed, (e.g., baths, kitchens), exhaust units will be vented to the outdoors in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2
Unvented heaters will be removed except when used as a secondary heat source and when it can be confirmed that the unit is listed to ANSI Z21.11.2
Unvented gas or propane cooking stoves will be tested for carbon monoxide (CO ) per BPI Standard and corrected as required before air sealing work begins
If replacing air conditioning system, new system will be sized to optimize dehumidification
Properly sized dehumidifier will be installed to satisfy latent and sensible loads, when necessary
ANSI / ACCA 2 Manual J-2011 (Residential Load Calculation) will be used to size replacement AC and heat pumps
Objective(s):
Ensure durability of building components and repairs
Reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Reduce potential occupant exposure to CO
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Before air sealing and insulating building components, exterior water management will be addressed
Before insulating basement or crawl space walls near wet areas, surface water pooling near the foundation will be addressed by repairing, modifying, or replacing gutters and downspouts
Grading and subsurface drainage at critical locations (e.g., localized drain and grading beneath valleys) will be in accordance with EPA Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications Section 1.1
Objective(s):
Reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work is completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker safety specifications will be followed in accordance with SWS 2.0100 Global Worker Safety
Objective(s):
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work is completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
OSHA asbestos abatement protocol 29 CFR 1926.1101 will be followed if vermiculite insulation is present
Assess potential asbestos hazard; if unsure whether material contains asbestos, contact a qualified asbestos professional to assess the material, and to sample and test as needed
If suspected ACM is in good condition, do not disturb
If suspected ACM is damaged (e.g., unraveling, frayed, breaking apart), immediately isolate the area(s)
For suspected ACM that is damaged or that must be disturbed as part of the retrofit activity, contact an asbestos professional for abatement or repair, in accordance with federal, state, and local requirements; only a licensed or trained professional may abate, repair, or remove ACM
When working around ACM, do not:
Asbestos abatement or repair work should be completed prior to blower door testing; exercise appropriate caution when conducting blower door testing where friable asbestos or vermiculite attic insulation is present to avoid drawing asbestos fibers into the living space (i.e. use positively pressured blower door testing) unless the material has been tested and found not to contain asbestos
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from potential asbestos hazards
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Do not disturb vermiculite by vacuuming, dusting, or sweeping | Do not disturb vermiculite by drilling, sanding, scraping, sawing, etc. |
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Before | After |
Material identified as vermiculite may contain asbestos | If asbestos is suspected, call an EPA- accredited professional |
Desired Outcome:
Work is completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
All materials will be handled in accordance with manufacturer specifications or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) standards
Objective(s):
Eliminate hazards associated with incorrect, defective, or improperly used or installed materials
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Best Practice |
Ensure workers wear appropriate masks or respirators for the material with which they are working |
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Check SDS for materials to be used during retrofit to determine what PPE is necessary | Wear respirator or mask appropriate to the materials being used |
Desired Outcome:
Work is completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Presence of lead based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
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EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker safety specifications will be followed in accordance with SWS 2.0100 Global Worker Safety
Objective(s):
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Ambient CO will be monitored during combustion testing and testing will be discontinued if ambient CO level inside the home or work space exceeds 35 parts per million (ppm)
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant health
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Before | After |
STOP WORK if CO levels measure above 35 ppm!! | Install carbon monoxide alarm if none are found. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Raw fuel leaks will be monitored for before entering building spaces
If leaks are found, testing will be discontinued and condition reported to occupant immediately
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant health
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Before | After |
Fuel leaks need to be repaired by appropriate professional | Notify occupant of any leaks |
Tools:
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Check all raw fuel lines for leaks | Use multiple methods to test for leakage–bubble solution |
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If bubbles develop, leak is present. Notify occupant | Any leaks found should be reported to occupant and work stopped |
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Any leaks found should be reported to occupant and work stopped |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker safety specifications will be followed in accordance with SWS 2.0100 Global Worker Safety
Objective(s):
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
When replacing existing thermostats, identify and dispose of any mercury containing thermostats in accordance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from mercury exposure
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Unsafe | Safe |
Mercury thermostats should be replaced and disposed of properly | Do NOT dispose of mercury thermostats in the trash–find local recycling |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Suspected asbestos hazards will be identified in furnaces (e.g., gaskets), wood stoves, zonal heating devices, electrical wiring insulation, boilers, and pipe insulation and corrected in accordance with EPA guidance
Workers will take precautionary measures to avoid exposure
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from asbestos exposure
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Unsafe | Unsafe |
Suspicious pipe insulation may contain asbestos | Have an AHERA-certified professional test all areas with suspected asbestos. Remediate in accordance with EPA rules. |
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When asbestos is suspected, call in EPA-accredited professionals. |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Workers will wear personal protective equipment (PPE ) as needed to protect themselves against exposure to hazards (e.g., pests, sewage, flooded duct work, mold, chemicals, scat, viruses)
Long sleeves and long pants should be worn as additional protection from liquid refrigerants and other hazardous materials
Objective(s):
Protect worker from exposure to hazards
Protect worker from skin contact with liquid nitrogen
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Unsafe | Safe |
When working with refrigerants, short sleeves are inappropriate | When working with refrigerants, workers should dress appropriately |
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Wear work gloves when working with metal ducts | Assess the site and situation to determine proper PPE to minimize risks |
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker will check for presence of combustible gas leaks before work begins
Leaks will be repaired before work is performed
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from exposure to hazards
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Unsafe | Safe |
Fuel leaks need to be repaired | Repairs need to be tested and verified to no longer leak |
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1 | 2 |
Fuel leaks discovered during initial audit should be flagged | Use approved combustion gas sniffer to see if repaired line still leaks |
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3 | 4 |
Repeatedly test repair site for leakage over a 10 min. period | Allow testing solution to sit on newly repaired pipe joint for 10 min |
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5 |
Confirm repair and remove flag |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Paraphrased from IRC: Leakage will be located using an approved combustible gas detector, a noncorrosive leak detection fluid or an equivalent nonflammable solution. Matches, candles, open flames or other methods that could provide a source of ignition cannot be used.
Where leakage or other defects are located, the affected portion of the piping system will be repaired or replaced and retested.
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Workers will check for presence of ambient CO before and during work.
CO issues will be addressed before work is performed or continued
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from exposure to hazards
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
STOP WORK if CO levels are higher than 35 ppm!! | Install carbon monoxide alarms |
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Test for CO in entire home, particularly around combustion appliances | If CO issues are found, clean and tune appliances to remediate issues |
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All workers should wear personal ambient CO monitors and halt work if levels exceed 35 ppm |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Pipes will be sealed by a certified professional with an approved fastening process and sealant in accordance with manufacturer specifications (International Fuel Gas Code)
Gas lines will be leak free when tested with an electronic combustible gas leak detector and verified with bubble solution
OR
Gas lines will be leak free when tested by a standing pressure test that meets the approval of the local code
Objective(s):
Install gas lines with no leaks
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
A secondary LP safety detector system (valve, exhaust fan, alarm light) will be installed by a certified professional for propane piping installed below grade
When installing new equipment, a shut off valve will be installed by a certified professional at each gas appliance (ANSI Z21.15)
Objective(s):
Detect accumulation of dangerous levels of propane in below-grade areas
Isolate appliances from the rest of the system for emergencies, removal, or repairs
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker safety specifications will be followed in accordance with SWS 2.0100 Global Worker Safety
Objective(s):
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
Desired Outcome:
Work is completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker safety specifications will be followed in accordance with SWS 2.0100 Global Worker Safety
Objective(s):
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
Desired Outcome:
Occupant and worker risk from hazardous materials minimized
Specification(s):
Materials that do not create long-term health risks for occupants and workers will be used
Objective(s):
Improve indoor air quality in the living space
Desired Outcome:
Occupant and worker risk from hazardous materials minimized
Specification(s):
Manufacturer specifications will be followed
Objective(s):
Reduce risk of exposure to harmful substances
Follow safety procedures
Desired Outcome:
Occupant and worker risk from hazardous materials minimized
Specification(s):
MSDSs will be provided onsite and available during all work
Objective(s):
Assess exposure risk
Prepare a response in case of emergency
Desired Outcome:
Work completed safely without injury or hazardous exposure
Specification(s):
Worker safety specifications will be followed in accordance with SWS 2.0100 Global Worker Safety
Objective(s):
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
Desired Outcome:
Site properly prepared for upgrade
Specification(s):
Fuel leaks will be repaired and inspected in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Ensure site is safe and ready for upgrade
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Unsafe | Safe |
Fuel leaks need to be repaired | Repairs need to be tested and verified to no longer leak |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Fuel leaks discovered during initial audit should be flagged | Use approved combustion gas sniffer to see if repaired line still leaks |
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3 | 4 |
Repeatedly test repair site for leakage over a 10 min period | Allow testing solution to sit on newly repaired pipe joint for 10 min |
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5 |
Confirm repair and remove flag |
Desired Outcome:
Site properly prepared for upgrade
Specification(s):
Electrical hazards will be eliminated and inspected in accordance with NFPA 70 National Electric Code
Objective(s):
Ensure site is safe and ready for upgrade
Desired Outcome:
Site properly prepared for upgrade
Specification(s):
Appropriate remediation will be completed before upgrade
Objective(s):
Ensure site is safe and ready for upgrade
Desired Outcome:
Site properly prepared for upgrade
Specification(s):
Plumbing leaks will be repaired before crawl space upgrade in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Prepare site for upgrade
Desired Outcome:
Site properly prepared for upgrade
Specification(s):
Pest and termite treatment will be completed before crawl space upgrade and inspected in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Prepare site for upgrade
Desired Outcome:
Site properly prepared for upgrade
Specification(s):
Structural repairs and modifications will be inspected and completed before crawl space upgrade in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Prepare site for upgrade
Desired Outcome:
Site properly prepared for upgrade
Specification(s):
Crawl space upgrades (e.g., sealing and insulation) are to be undertaken after appliance and HVAC system work has been completed and inspected
Objective(s):
Prepare site for upgrade
Desired Outcome:
Clean, safe, and easily accessible crawl space created
Specification(s):
Under-floor grade will be removed of all vegetation and organic material
Debris that can cause injury or puncture ground covers (e.g., nails, glass, sheet metal screws, etc.) will be removed from the crawl space
Objective(s):
Minimize punctures in ground liner
Minimize habitat for pests (Integrated Pest Management-IPM) and contaminant sources
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Before | After |
Crawl spaces with trash and overgrowth need to be made clean and safe. | Rake up and clear away trash and overgrowth. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Clean, safe, and easily accessible crawl space created
Specification(s):
Debris will be properly disposed of according to type and jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Protect environment from damage
Desired Outcome:
Contaminants prevented from entering house during work process
Specification(s):
A negative pressure will be maintained in the crawl space with reference to the house while work is being performed in the crawl space
Objective(s):
Prevent contaminants from entering house
Desired Outcome:
Accurate information about appliance safe operation is gathered
Specification(s):
Emergency problems (e.g., gas leak greater than 10% Lower Explosion Limit (LEL), ambient CO levels that exceed 70 ppm) will be communicated clearly and immediately to the customer, the home shall be evacuated, and appropriate personnel (e.g. HVAC technician, utility, emergency services) shall be contacted
Significant problems (e.g., gas leak less than 10% LEL, ambient CO levels that exceed 35 ppm but less than 70 ppm) will be communicated clearly and immediately to the customer and appropriate solutions will be suggested
Examine appliance for signs of damage, misuse, improper repairs, and lack of maintenance
Objective(s):
Ensure system does not have potentially fatal problems
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Before | After |
Unsafe combustion appliances indicate need for repair or replacement | In cases of replacement, ensure new appliance is safe and sized properly |
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Assess existing combustion appliances for damage and replace when necessary | When a simple filter cleaning or replacement will help, make it happen |
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Ensure there is adequate make-up air – combustion air inlet in closet | Stop the misuse of combustion appliances – camp heater in bedroom |
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Keep occupant apprised of any health or safety concerns |
Desired Outcome:
Accurate information about appliance safe operation is gathered
Specification(s):
Inspect and test for gas or oil leakage at connections of natural gas, propane piping, or oil systems
If leaks are found, immediate action will be taken to notify occupant to help ensure leaks are repaired
The report will specify repair for leaks and replacement for hazardous or damaged gas or oil connectors and pipes
Objective(s):
Detect fuel gas leaks
Determine and report need for repair
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Before | After |
Fuel lines should be inspected for leakage | If leaks are found, notify occupant immediately to facilitate repair |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Inspect exterior gas and oil lines for leaks and damage | Inspect flex lines for damage, and check date on ring for pre-1973 hardware |
Desired Outcome:
Accurate information about appliance safe operation is gathered
Specification(s):
For oil systems, the presence and operability of it (that draft regulator) will be verified and tested
Combustion venting systems will be inspected for damage, leaks, disconnections, inadequate slope, and other safety hazards
Objective(s):
Determine if a draft regulator is present and working
Determine whether vent system is in good condition and installed properly
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Unsafe | Safe |
If ventilation system puts occupants at risk, it needs immediate attention | Properly vented appliances make a house healthier and more efficient |
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Determine if a draft regulator is installed and working | Inspect ventilation systems for disconnected pipes |
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Inspect ventilation systems for damage | Inspect ventilation systems for inadequate slope |
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Inspect for missing draft diverter |
Desired Outcome:
Accurate information about appliance safe operation is gathered
Specification(s):
Baseline pressure for naturally drafting vented appliances will be measured in Combustion Appliance Zone with reference to outdoors
Objective(s):
Measure pressure difference between combustion zone and the outside under natural conditions
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Best Practice |
Natural conditions–Winter set-up, Exhaust fans off, Interior doors open |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Accurate information about appliance safe operation is gathered
Specification(s):
CAZ depressurization testing will be administered for all equipment equipped with a draft hood
Depressurization test will include exhaust fans, interior door closure, or duct leakage, or a combination thereof; the test will be done to determine the largest negative pressure per BPI Standard 1200
Objective(s):
Determine worst-case depressurization in combustion zone due to mechanical system fans
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Best Practice |
Exhaust fans on, Check interior doors, Air handler on? |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Place manometer reference hose to exterior of house | Attach test hose to be used in the interior of the house |
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3 | 4 |
Place test hose by combustion appliance | Take baseline reading |
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5 | 6 |
Turn on interior exhaust fans, including any clothes dryers | Is the air handler on? |
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7 | 8 |
Check interior doors for pressure differential either using smoke pencil or hand | Manometer reading should not be more negative than -3pa |
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9 |
If reading is within allowable limit, all is well |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Build-up of dangerous combustion byproducts in the living space prevented
Specification(s):
Where applicable, combustion air will be provided from the outside and installed in accordance with the IRC for the type of appliance installed
Objective(s):
Prevent combustion byproducts from entering the house
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min free area of 1 sqin per 3,000 Btu/h (734 mm2/kW) of total input rating | min free area of 1 sqin per 4,000 Btu/h (550 mm2/kW) of total input rating |
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min free area of 1 sqin per 2,000 Btu/h (1100 mm2/kW) of total input rating |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Build-up of dangerous combustion byproducts in the living space prevented
Specification(s):
If replacing appliances, a sealed-combustion, direct-vent appliance will be installed, if possible. New appliances will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications, the IRC and additional applicable codes
Objective(s):
Prevent combustion byproducts from entering the house
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Before | After |
Damaged combustion appliances beyond repair should be replaced | Sealed-combustion, direct-vent appliances should replace unsafe appliances |
Tools:
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Two-pipe 90% efficiency furnaces are viable replacement appliances | Direct vent combustion appliances are also viable replacements |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Build-up of dangerous combustion byproducts in the living space prevented
Specification(s):
CO detection or warning equipment will be installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2 and authority having local jurisdiction
Installation will be accomplished by a licensed electrician when required by local code
Objective(s):
Alert occupant to CO exposure
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Carbon Monoxide alarms should be installed according to local codes | Alarms should be mounted near sleeping areas – such as the one marked in red |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Build-up of dangerous combustion byproducts in the living space prevented
Specification(s):
Gas ovens will be tested for CO
A clean and tune will be conducted if measured CO in the undiluted flue gases of the oven vent at steady state exceeds 225 ppm as measured
If the measured CO in undiluted flue gasses in the oven vent at steady state exceeds 225 ppm as measured, the problem will be communicated clearly and immediately to the client
The home will be appropriately ventilated and appropriate solutions will be suggested.
The subgrantee must clearly indicate to the client, in writing, and in the client file why the dwelling was given "deferral" status and the condition that must be corrected before weatherization services are provided.
Objective(s):
Ensure clean burn of gas ovens
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
If air-free CO reading exceeds 225 ppm, order a clean and tune | Test gas oven for carbon monoxide using a combustion gas analyzer |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Build-up of dangerous combustion byproducts in the living space prevented
Specification(s):
Specify clean and tune if the flame has any discoloration, flame impingement, an irregular pattern, or if burners are visibly dirty, corroded, or bent
Objective(s):
Ensure clean burn and operation of gas range burners
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Before | After |
Discoloration is a clear sign that a gas range needs a clean and tune | A properly operating gas range burner should have an even blue flame |
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1 | 2 |
Yellow, uncontrolled flames indicate the need for a clean and tune | Gas ranges should be cleaned and tuned if improper operation is evident |
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3 |
Blue, even flames indicate burners are working properly |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Build-up of dangerous combustion byproducts in the living space prevented
Specification(s):
If the solid fuel burning appliance is the primary heat source and has signs of structural failure replace solid fuel burning appliance with UL-listed and EPA-certified appliances if the existing appliance is not UL-listed
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operations of solid fuel burning appliances
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Unsafe | Safe |
Unsafe solid fuel burning appliances should be replaced | New appliances should be UL-listed and EPA-certified |
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Locate data plate to find out appliance ratings | Check appliance rating plates for EPA and UL markings (or CSA, ETL, or WH markings) |
Desired Outcome:
Elimination of combustion byproducts
Specification(s):
With the occupant's permission, unvented heaters will be removed except when used as a secondary heat source and when it can be confirmed that the unit is listed to ANSI Z21.11.2
Units that are not being operated in compliance with ANSI Z21.11.2 should be removed before the retrofit but may remain until a replacement heating system is in place
Failure to remove unvented space heaters serving as primary heat sources has the potential to create hazardous conditions and thus any further weatherization services will be re-evaluated in the context of potential indoor air quality risks
Objective(s):
Eliminate sources of combustion byproduct within a living space
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Before | After |
Unvented space heaters should be removed with the occupants' permission | Unvented space heaters can be replaced with properly vented space heaters |
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Secure permission to remove unvented space heaters from occupants | Ensure new combustion appliances are vented properly |
Desired Outcome:
Elimination of combustion byproducts
Specification(s):
Occupant will be educated on potential hazards of unvented combustion appliances (primary or secondary) within a living space
Objective(s):
Inform occupant about possible hazards associated with combustion byproducts and moisture
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Unvented space heaters in homes are hazardous to occupants | Clearly communicate the hazards to the occupant in order to inform their decision to remove the appliance |
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Unvented space heaters significantly increase the risk of house fires | Unvented combustion gases cause a hazard to all occupants |
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Unvented space heaters can create moisture issues in homes, leading to black mold |
Desired Outcome:
Sufficient air provided in the Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ )
Specification(s):
The required volume of indoor air will be determined in accordance with IRC Section G2407.5.1 or G2407.5.2 and authority having jurisdiction, except that where the air infiltration rate is known to be less than 0.40 air changes per hour (ACH), IRC Section G2407.5.2 will be used
Objective(s):
Determine if existing conditions meet the combustion air calculation
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Best Practice |
G2407.5.1 (304.5.1) Standard method. The minimum required volume shall be 50 cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/h (4.8 m3/kW).
G2407.5.2 (304.5.2) Known air-infiltration-rate method. Where the air infiltration rate of a structure is known, the minimum required volume shall be determined as follows: For purposes of this calculation, an infiltration rate greater than 0.60 ACH shall not be used in Equations 24-1.
For appliances other than fan-assisted, calculate volume using Equation 24-1.
Required Volume (natural draft) ≥ ((21ft 3/ACHn) * (Input (other) / 1,000BTU/hr))
Input (other) = All appliances other than fan-assisted (input in Btu/h).
ACHn = Air change per hour under natural conditions
Standard:
100,000 BTUH Furnace Input 100,000 x .05 = 5,000 ft3
or 100,000/1000 = 100
100 x 50 = 5,000 ft3
Known infiltration rate method (assuming ACHn is .50 in this example):
((21ft3/.50)*(100,000/ 1,000BTU/hr)) = 4,200 ft3
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Measure the CAZ width | Measure the CAZ length |
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Measure the CAZ height |
Desired Outcome:
Sufficient air provided in the Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ )
Specification(s):
Additional combustion air will be provided in accordance with IRC G2407 and authority having jurisdiction when necessary to solve spillage problems
Objective(s):
Ensure adequate combustion air for operation of the appliance
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Before | After |
Combustion appliances in a confined space | Additional combustion air supplied from high / low vents |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Combustion appliances require 50 cubic feet of volume for every 1,000 Btuh input. If this is not available, provide makeup air in accordance with the IRC G.2407 or local code.
When high/low vents are used, use two metal ducts each having 1 in2 of cross-sectional area for every 4,000 Btuh input. Extend each into the attic above the insulation level, and use 1/4" galvanized hardware cloth mesh on top to screen out insects and vermin. Terminate one vent within 12 inches of the ceiling, and one vent within 12 inches of the floor. The vents may be concentric (one inside the other) to save space, so long as the difference between the area of the larger and smaller vents is equal to or greater than the 1 in2/4,000 Btuh requirement.
If using a single large opening in the ceiling, make the opening total 1 in2 per 3,000 Btuh input.
If high/low vents extend horizontally through a CAZ wall, use vents with 1 in2 of area per 2,000 Btuh of input.
Louvered grilles or doors may be used to connect the CAZ to larger sections of the home to achieve the required volume, but be aware that using this approach has higher potential for creating a carbon monoxide pathway into the home than does creating a sealed CAZ with high/low vents.
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Select vent sizes based on the total input Btus in the CAZ. Concentric vents are shown | Cut hole in ceiling and mount high/low vents to framing |
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Fasten 1/4" galvanized hardware cloth over high / low vent openings | Complete installation by adding supports and fasteners as required for stability and durability |
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Terminate the low vent within 12 inches of the floor. This one is mounted inside a section of larger diameter metal duct |
Desired Outcome:
Sufficient air provided in the Combustion Appliance Zone ( CAZ )
Specification(s):
If spillage in a combustion appliance with a warm vent exceeds two minutes during pressure testing, specify measures to mitigate
If spillage in a combustion appliance with a cold vent exceeds five minutes during pressure testing, specify measures to mitigate
Objective(s):
Detect excessive spillage of combustion gases
Desired Outcome:
Flue gasses successfully removed from the house
Specification(s):
If spillage in a combustion appliance with a warm vent exceeds two minutes during pressure testing, specify measures to mitigate
If spillage in a combustion appliance with a cold vent exceeds five minutes during pressure testing, specify measures to mitigate
Objective(s):
Detect excessive spillage of combustion gases
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Unsafe | Unsafe |
Orphaned water heaters have oversized flues after a furnace is removed | Spillage should not exceed 2 minutes, if present |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Flue gasses successfully removed from the house
Specification(s):
A chimney liner will be installed in accordance with the IRC or applicable NFPA standard
In the case of excessive room pressures and/or chimney conditions, a power vent may be installed on the water heater as an alternative to installing a chimney liner
Objective(s):
Allow water heater to vent properly
Prevent damage to the chimney
Desired Outcome:
Flue gasses successfully removed from the house
Specification(s):
If a combustion appliance spillage exceeds 2 minutes during pressure testing, specify measures to mitigate
Objective(s):
Ensure appliance is not spilling longer than 2 minutes with a warm vent
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Before | After |
If spillage continues to exceed 2 min, additional repairs are required | The elimination of the oversized chimney should prevent spillage |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Retest for spillage. If spillage remains, more repair is needed. | Repipe the flue to eliminate the oversized chimney |
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3 |
When repairs have been completed, no spillage should occur |
Desired Outcome:
Flue gasses successfully removed from the house
Specification(s):
The minimum required volume will be 50 cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/h in accordance with IRC G2407.5.1 and authority having jurisdiction
Exception: Existing appliances that have passed combustion safety testing per BPI 1200 are deemed to have sufficient combustion air
Objective(s):
Determine if existing conditions meet the combustion air calculation
Desired Outcome:
Flue gasses successfully removed from the house
Specification(s):
Additional combustion air will be provided in accordance with IRC G2407 or other authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Ensure adequate combustion air for operation of the appliance
Desired Outcome:
Properly installed smoke alarms
Specification(s):
Battery operated alarms will be installed in accordance with the manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure proper installation
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Best Practice |
All homes should have UL-217 rated smoke alarms |
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Ceiling mounted smoke alarms can be battery-operated | Wall mounted smoke alarms must be mounted within 12 inches of the ceiling |
Desired Outcome:
Properly installed CO alarms or monitors
Specification(s):
Hardwired CO detection or warning equipment will be installed in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2 or as required by the authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Ensure proper installation
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
All homes should have a carbon monoxide detector installed, whether hardwired or battery operated | Alarms should be mounted near sleeping areas–such as the one marked in red |
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After |
Alarms should be mounted in sleeping areas – such as the one marked in red |
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1 | 2 |
Mount alarm to wall close to bedrooms | Plug alarm into outlet. In addition, cord can be stapled into place |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Properly installed CO alarms or monitors
Specification(s):
Battery operated CO detection or warning equipment will be installed in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2 and manufacturer specifications as required by the authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Ensure proper installation
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
ALL houses should have carbon monoxide monitors installed near sleeping areas | Battery operated CO alarms should be UL-2075 or UL-2034 compliant |
Desired Outcome:
Ensure durability of repairs and reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Specification(s):
Roof leaks will be repaired before performing attic air sealing or insulation
Moisture sources in the house that can generate moisture into the attic will be identified and removed or reduced
Objective(s):
Ensure durability of repairs
Reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Prevent moisture from communicating from within the conditioned space into unconditioned attic space when economically feasible
Desired Outcome:
Ensure durability of repairs
reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Specification(s):
Exposed earth will be covered with a continuous, durable, sealed Class 1 vapor retarder a minimum of 6 mils in thickness
Any vapor retarder shall not encasulate wood building materials or spray foam
Holes between the crawl space and the living space will be sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure durability of repairs
Reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Desired Outcome:
Ensure durability of repairs and reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Specification(s):
Moisture sources in the home will be identified and removed or reduced
Local ventilation will be installed where appropriate (e.g., baths, kitchens) and vented to outside according to ASHRAE 62.2-2016
Unvented combustion appliances that are not listed to ANSI Z21.11.2 will be removed
Objective(s):
Ensure durability of repairs
Reduce potential for occupant exposure to mold and other moisture-related hazards
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier provides long-lasting access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
Care will be taken to prevent punctures during installation
Objective(s):
Protect ground moisture barrier from damage during other crawl space work
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier provides long-lasting access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
A ground moisture barrier that covers 100% of the exposed crawl space floor will be installed
Objective(s):
Reduce ground moisture entering the crawl space
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Before | After |
Uncovered crawl space floors can cause moisture damage | Ground moisture barrier to cover 100% of floor is installed last |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier provides long-lasting access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
A ground moisture barrier with a rating of no more than 0.1 perm will be used
A ground moisture barrier will be used that meets tear and puncture resistance standard ASTM E1745
Homeowner will be advised that all plastic is biodegradable and will have a life span much shorter than the home (5 years), and it will need replacing to remain effective
Objective(s):
Ensure crawl space is accessible for service and maintenance without damaging the integrity of the ground moisture barrier
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Best Practice |
Barrier must be at least 6 mil, able to withstand puncture and last 10 years |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier provides long-lasting access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
When seams exist, they will be overlapped a minimum of 12" using reverse or upslope lapping technique
Objective(s):
Keep water under the liner
Reduce the likelihood of damage at seams
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Before | After |
Ground moisture barriers help keep moisture from permeating floor. | Ground moisture barrier overlaps at least 12 inches and is securely fastened |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Securely fasten moisture barrier to wall at least 6 inches from ground | Overlap seams at least 12 inches, using a shingle method to keep water out |
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier provides long-lasting access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
When ground moisture barrier is installed on sloping ground, may be exposed to wind, or accessed for routine maintenance or storage it will be fastened to ground with durable fasteners or ballast(s).
Objective(s):
Prevent movement of the ground moisture barrier
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Before | After |
Fastening of moisture barrier is required and must last at least 10 years | Ground moisture barrier should extend up the wall at least 12" and be held in place |
Moisture barrier needs to be held in place with more permanent fasteners | Ballast or fasteners should be used to hold barrier in place securely |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Seams can be taped to prevent water leakage | Ballast or fasteners can hold barrier in place securely |
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective air barrier and ground moisture barrier provide ongoing access and minimize ground vapor
Specification(s):
Care will be taken to prevent punctures during installation
Objective(s):
Protect ground moisture barrier from damage during other crawl space work
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective air barrier and ground moisture barrier provide ongoing access and minimize ground vapor
Specification(s):
An air barrier and ground moisture barrier, covering 100% of the exposed crawl space floor, will be installed and sealed to the wall's air and moisture barrier in accordance with ASTM E1643 and manufacturer's recommendations
Ground moisture barrier will be fastened to ground in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and extend a minimum of 6 inches up the foundation wall
Objective(s):
Reduce ground moisture entering the crawl space
Create a continuous and durable connection between the wall and ground air and moisture barriers
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Before | After |
Uncovered crawl space floors can lead to moisture issues | Ground moisture barrier should cover 100% of floor and at least 12" of walls |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective air barrier and ground moisture barrier provide ongoing access and minimize ground vapor
Specification(s):
A ground moisture barrier with a rating of no more than 0.1 perm will be used
A ground moisture barrier will be used that meets tear and puncture resistance standard ASTM E1745
Homeowner will be advised that all plastic is biodegradable and will have a life span much shorter than the home (5 years), and it will need replacing to remain effective
Objective(s):
Reduce ground vapor entering the crawl space
Ensure crawl space is accessible for service and maintenance without destroying the integrity of the moisture barrier
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Best Practice |
Barrier must be at least 6 mil, able to withstand puncture and last 10 yrs |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective air barrier and ground moisture barrier provide ongoing access and minimize ground vapor
Specification(s):
When seams exist, they will be overlapped a minimum of 12" with reverse or upslope lapping technique
For wall to floor connection, the wall moisture barrier will be installed under the ground moisture barrier
Objective(s):
Keep water under the liner
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Before | After |
Ground moisture barriers help keep moisture from permeating floor | Ground moisture barrier overlaps at least 12 inches and is securely fastened |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Securely fasten moisture barrier to wall at least 6 inches from ground | Overlap seams at least 12 inches, using a shingle method to keep water out |
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective air barrier and ground moisture barrier provide ongoing access and minimize ground vapor
Specification(s):
When ground moisture barrier is installed on sloping ground, or accessed for routine maintenance or storage it will be fastened to the ground with durable fasteners or ballast(s)
Objective(s):
Prevent movement and uplift of the air barrier and ground moisture barrier
See 2.0403.1e - Fastening for Before and After photos along with Tools and Materials.
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective air barrier and ground moisture barrier provide ongoing access and minimize ground vapor
Specification(s):
A durable sealant compatible with the air barrier and ground moisture barrier will be used
Objective(s):
Maintain continuous air barrier and ground moisture barrier
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Before | After |
Crawl spaces lacking moisture barrier risk moisture penetration of floor | Ground moisture barriers in unvented spaces should be sealed |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Tape wall seams and press to ensure airtight bonding of adhesive | Tape (overlapped) floor seams to prevent movement and water leakage |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Live unsafe wiring identified and brought to local codes
Specification(s):
Contractor, assessor, auditor, or similar will inspect and assess the house to identify knob and tube wiring
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant safety
Preserve the integrity and safety of the house
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Knob and tube wiring should be identified before work begins | Distinctive "knobs" are highlighted. This wiring can be a safety hazard |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Live unsafe wiring identified and brought to local codes
Specification(s):
Non-contact testing method will be used to determine if wiring is live
Objective(s):
Protect occupant safety
Preserve the integrity and safety of the house
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Before | After |
Knob & tube wiring needs to be tested to determine if still live. Red=live | Live wiring should be dammed or professionally disabled before insulating |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Live unsafe wiring identified and brought to local codes
Specification(s):
Proper clearance will be maintained around live knob and tube as required by the National Electrical Code (NEC) or authority having jurisdiction
When required, a dam that does not cover the top will be created to separate insulation from the wire path
The Nebraska State Electrical Board permits covering knob and tube wiring with insulation after the wiring has been appropriately covered to prevent direct contact with the insulation.
The covering must provide adequate air space (a minimum of 3 ½" clearance) for "cooling" of the wire.
The Nebraska Installation Standards will require:
Once the wire locations are documented in the client file, the wiring may be appropriately shielded, as indicated above, to provide adequate air movement space for the "cooling" of the wire and insulated.
This determination may be completed by:
In attic areas where knob and tube wiring penetrates the plane of the attic and extends up into a side or knee wall, a fire resistant baffling will be installed around the wire to provide sufficient space for air movement around the wire to provide adequate air space to accommodate the "cooling" of the wire.
See installation details at 4.1001.2 Knob and Tube Wiring.
If attic installation is being installed as per the directive above, the Nebraska State Electrical Board recommends the use of a licensed electrician for the installation of safety fuses as is indicated in the National Electrical Code. Existing fuses will remain intact if no insulation is being completed in the home.
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant safety
Preserve the integrity and safety of the house
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Before | After |
Live knob & tube wiring may get hot and should not be insulated over | Dams should be installed to hold back loose fill insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Have a certified electrician verify that wiring is safe to work around | A sign should be posted at all entrances to warn of knob & tube wiring |
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3 | 4 |
Warning sign should remind to contact certified electrician for repairs | Many jurisdictions require a sign in Spanish as well |
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5 | 6 |
Damming should extend above installed height of insulation | With dams in place, insulation can begin |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Live unsafe wiring identified and brought to local codes
Specification(s):
Exposed wiring will be replaced with new appropriate wiring in accordance with the NEC and local codes
Old wiring will be rendered inoperable by licensed electrician in accordance with the NEC and local codes
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant safety
Preserve the integrity and safety of the house
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Before | After |
Knob and tube wiring may get hot and cannot be insulated over | If possible, k&t wiring should be disabled and replaced with modern wiring |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
The entire knob and tube system should be disabled | Many electricians will remove old exposed wiring to prevent reactivation |
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3 | 4 |
With modern wiring in place and old k&t disabled, insulation can begin | Exposed knob and tube should be replaced with modern wiring |
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of static electric shock to the insulation installer when using rigid tubing
Specification(s):
Rigid fill tubes will be made of a material that will not hold an electric charge, such as Schedule 40 PVC Electrical Conduit, or be grounded
Objective(s):
Prevent injury to the installer
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Best Practice |
Rigid fill tubes should be low-conductivity and be grounded |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Select rigid fill tubes that are low conductivity – Schedule 40 PVC fill tube | Attach grounding wire to fill tubes to minimize shock risk |
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Attach grounding wire to rod with coupler | Blow insulation |
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of static electric shock to the insulation installer when using rigid tubing
Specification(s):
For an additional level of protection, the metal coupler on the hose will be connected to the grounding wire
Grounding wire will be connected to the grounding rod
Grounding rod will be driven into the ground a minimum of 8' when possible; grounding wire will be connected in compliance with local code and authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Divert static discharge of electricity to ground instead of installer
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Ungrounded fill tubes can build up static electricity during insulation blowing | Fill tubes should be grounded to prevent electric shock to workers |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Copper grounding rod should be at least 8' long | Grounding rod should be driven into the ground so that nearly all of rod is underground |
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Attach grounding wire to rod with coupler | Attach grounding wire to fill tube |
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Blow in insulation with peace of mind that workers will not be electrocuted |
Desired Outcome:
Access to the closed crawl space is controlled and the ground moisture barrier is protected to maintain the integrity of the system
Specification(s):
Crawl space will be accessible in accordance with the IRC
Access to mechanical equipment located in the crawl space will be in accordance with IRC M1305.1.4
Service and maintenance of the crawl space and equipment will be performed without risk of damage to the thermal barrier, air barrier, and ground moisture barrier in accordance with IRC N1102.2.4 and IRC AF103.4.10
Objective(s):
Provide crawl space access
Maintain integrity of the crawl space system
Desired Outcome:
Access to the closed crawl space is controlled and the ground moisture barrier is protected to maintain the integrity of the system
Specification(s):
A lockable access will be provided if access is from the exterior
Objective(s):
Control access and prevent intruders
Desired Outcome:
Posted signs inside of the crawl space provide essential safety and maintenance information to occupant and users of the crawl space
Specification(s):
A durable, easily seen sign will be installed at all accesses inside of the crawl space (minimum 8 ½" x 11")
A minimum expected service life of 10 years will be ensured
Objective(s):
Prevent damage to the crawl space after upgrade
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Crawl space access points should have signage to alert occupant and workers | Sign should be highly-visible, securely-fastened, and durable |
Desired Outcome:
Posted signs inside of the crawl space provide essential safety and maintenance information to occupant and users of the crawl space
Specification(s):
Those entering the crawl space will be cautioned not to damage the air barrier, ground moisture barrier, insulation, and mechanical components specific to the crawl space type
Anyone entering the crawl space will be alerted that immediate repairs are needed in case of damage
Installer contact information will be included on the sign in case there are questions or needs for repairs
Objective(s):
Prevent damage to the crawl space after upgrade
Educate anyone entering the crawl space
Provide occupants with a way to contact the installer
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Mount sign where clearly visible to anyone entering crawl space | Be sure sign includes relevant information to aid occupant in repairs |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Hacer la señal en español también |
Desired Outcome:
Posted signs inside of the crawl space provide essential safety and maintenance information to occupant and users of the crawl space
Specification(s):
Language prohibiting storage of hazardous and flammable materials will be provided on site
Objective(s):
Prevent storage of hazardous or flammable materials in the crawl space
Maintain indoor air quality
Prevent a fire hazard
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Mount sign where anyone entering the crawl space can see it | Alert those entering the crawl space never to store hazardous materials |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Hacer la señal en español también |
Desired Outcome:
Occupants educated on the crawl space system and how to maintain it
Specification(s):
Occupants will be given written documentation that describes components of the system, maintenance requirements, and Health & Safety considerations at a minimum
Information will be provided in simple terms
Text and pictures will be used
Documentation may be provided electronically
Literacy levels and language of occupants will be considered in selecting appropriate materials
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with a basic understanding and documentation of the system, its maintenance, and related Health & Safety issues
Desired Outcome:
Occupants educated on the crawl space system and how to maintain it
Specification(s):
When possible, the written documents will be reviewed with the occupants
Objective(s):
Confirm that occupants have received the information
Provide an opportunity for questions and answers
Desired Outcome:
Occupants educated on the crawl space system and how to maintain it
Specification(s):
Information about the installation company and warranty will be provided
Objective(s):
Provide occupants with a way to contact the installer
Desired Outcome:
Occupants provided recourse for failures in materials, workmanship, and serviceability and informed of potential hazards
Specification(s):
A minimum 1-year warranty for materials, workmanship, and serviceability will be provided to occupants upon completion of work
Objective(s):
Provide recourse to occupants for failures in materials, workmanship, and serviceability
Desired Outcome:
Occupants provided recourse for failures in materials, workmanship, and serviceability and informed of potential hazards
Specification(s):
Provide occupants with manufacturers' warranties on installed equipment and inform of installer maintenance agreement options
Share information on company related annual inspections and maintenance agreements as well as manufacturer related warranty details
Objective(s):
Ensure occupants are aware of warranty and maintenance agreement options
Desired Outcome:
Occupants provided recourse for failures in materials, workmanship, and serviceability and informed of potential hazards
Specification(s):
At a minimum, the following concerns and warnings will be addressed within the warranty:
Objective(s):
Educate occupants on potential hazards
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations and chases sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a chase
Repairs will be completed before work
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations and chases sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected material and the characteristics of the hole
The infill or backing will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Objective(s):
Minimize hole size to ensure successful use of sealant
Ensure closure is permanent and supports any load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Ensure sealant does not fall out
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations and chases sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will allow for differential expansion and contraction between dissimilar materials
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, according to authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Select permanent sealant
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations and chases sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Only non-combustible sealant will be used in contact with chimneys, vents, and flues
Local codes will be referenced
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Gaps around combustion exhaust flues need to be sealed | Sealed penetrations and chases should utilize high-temperature materials |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Prepare work area by removing any insulation and debris | Use high-temperature caulking (600F min) |
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3 | 4 |
Apply first ring of caulking to match shape of opening | Apply second ring of caulking to size and shape of rigid material |
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5 | 6 |
Fasten rigid material (26-gauge steel) and apply additional caulking | Fasten rigid material to cover penetration and seal against flue with caulk |
Desired Outcome:
Chase capped to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a chase
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Chase capped to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Entire opening will be spanned with rigid material
Material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Objective(s):
Reduce opening to what can be sealed with sealant
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Before | After |
Unsealed standard chases covered with drywall can be leakage points | The air barrier is be maintained by capping chases with rigid material |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Clear area of debris and insulation in preparation for work | Apply sealant all the way around opening |
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3 | 4 |
Fasten rigid material appropriately, such as with screws | Trim rigid material, such as drywall, to size and place over sealant |
Desired Outcome:
Chase capped to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Material will be used that can be exposed to the interior of the house and meet the flame and smoke spread indexes as required in IRC
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Paneled drop soffits typically are more combustible than plain drywall | When sealing on attic side, drywall or other code approved rigid board materials are viable |
Tools:
|
Materials:
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Sealing with drywall reduces overall combustibility of paneled chases |
Desired Outcome:
Chase capped to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
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Before | After |
Spans greater than 24 inches require additional bracing before capping | Support should prevent cap from sagging or moving |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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Create bracing to support spans larger than 24", either from above or below | When supporting from above, apply adhesive between drywall and bracing |
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Bracing can be screwed to drywall before capping chase | Ensure new bracing is secure by using screws to fasten to joist |
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Once chase is capped, it is now ready to be sealed along framing |
Desired Outcome:
Chase capped to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous seal will be installed around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
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Before | After |
Chases need to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | Chase is sealed along all cracks, gaps, and penetrations |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Chase has been capped but needs to be sealed | Sealant is used to fill in all cracks and gaps along edges of chase cap |
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3 |
Cap is sealed |
Desired Outcome:
Chase capped to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All remaining gaps at the top of the chase will be sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure airtight seal from one finished side of the chase to the other
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Before | After |
Chases need to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | Chase is sealed along all cracks, gaps, and penetrations |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Sealant is used to fill in all cracks and gaps along edges of chase cap | Extend seal along adjacent framing |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a dropped ceiling or soffit
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Entire opening will be spanned with rigid material in line with the ceiling level
Material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Or
Wall below openings will be dense packed
Or
Wall below openings will be bridged and sealed with spray polyurethane foam (SPF)
Sealants will be used that prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from wall cavity to attic
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Before | After |
Wall cavities are open to attic | Whatever option chosen, test for visible air movement with smoke pencil |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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Option 1: Dense pack cavities through wood cap fastened in place | Option 2: Bridge cavities with spray foam |
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Option 3, Step 1: Apply sealant around opening and on surrounding framing | Option 3, Step 2: Cap with drywall and seal exposed joints |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
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Before | After |
Spans greater than 24 inches require additional bracing before capping | Support should prevent cap from sagging or moving |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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Create bracing to support spans larger than 24", either from above or below | When supporting from above, apply adhesive between drywall and bracing |
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Bracing can be screwed to drywall before capping chase | Ensure new bracing is secure by using screws to fasten to joist |
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Once chase is capped, it is now ready to be sealed along framing |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous seal will be installed around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
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Before | After |
Balloon framing needs to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | All edges of the cap should be sealed to surrounding surfaces |
Tools:
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Materials:
|
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For rigid material applications, extend sealant along all seams | Extend sealant or SPF along joist to seal all gaps |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All remaining gaps at the top of the opening will be sealed
Or
All remaining gaps at the top of the chase will be sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure airtight seal from one finished side of the wall assembly to the other
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Before | After |
Balloon framing needs to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | All edges of the cap should be sealed to surrounding surfaces, including adjacent framing |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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For rigid material applications, sealant should be applied to framing | When using SPF to bridge cavity, extend SPF along joist and adjacent framing |
Desired Outcome:
Stairwells sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing an open stairwell
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Stairwells sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Entire opening will be spanned with rigid material
Material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from wall to attic
Reduce opening to what can be sealed with sealant
Support load as required (e.g., wind, insulation)
Desired Outcome:
Stairwells sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Material will be used that can be exposed to the interior of the house
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Stairwells sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
Desired Outcome:
Stairwells sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous seal will be installed around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
Desired Outcome:
Stairwells sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Air barrier will be extended on all four sides from finished ceiling or existing framing to the new barrier
Access will be gained as needed (e.g., pull flooring)
Objective(s):
Create a continuous air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and the conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing an open stairwell
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and the conditioned space
Specification(s):
Materials will be installed in line with the ceiling level with an airtight and operable insulated panel weighing no more than 15 pounds, or a pre-fabricated kit may be used for repeated access
Or
Airtight seal will be provided between level of new closure or cap and interior ceiling around perimeter
Access will be gained as needed (e.g., pull flooring)
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage through stairwell between conditioned space and attic
Ensure the insulated panel is lightweight and easy for the occupant to use on an ongoing basis
Support insulation
Bring the stairwell inside of the thermal boundary
Ensure the new closure ties into the existing air barrier on all sides
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and the conditioned space
Specification(s):
An air barrier will be created and insulation material will be continuously installed across all surfaces of stairwell, including weather-stripped and insulated doors
Or
All cavities between stairs and conditioned space will be insulated and tested to resist air flow (e.g., walls, floors, landings, under stairs)
Door will be weather-stripped and insulated
Or
A combination of the above methods can be used
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Provide continuous thermal boundary
Maximize thermal performance
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and the conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and the conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous, airtight seals will be provided around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and the conditioned space
Specification(s):
Air barrier will be extended on all four sides from finished ceiling or from existing framing to the new barrier
Access will be gained as needed (e.g., pull flooring)
Objective(s):
Create a continuous air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell is sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing an open stairwell
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell is sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An airtight seal will be provided between level of new closure or cap and interior ceiling around perimeter
Access will be gained as needed (e.g., pull flooring)
Or
An air barrier will be created and insulation material will be continuously installed across all surfaces of stairwell, including weather-stripped and insulated doors
Or
All cavities between stairs and conditioned space will be insulated and tested to resist air flow (e.g., walls, floors, landings, under stairs)
Door will be weather-stripped and insulated
Or
A combination of the above methods can be used
Objective(s):
Reduce air leakage
Provide continuous thermal boundary
Maximize thermal performance
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell is sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell is sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous, airtight seals will be provided around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
Desired Outcome:
Stairwell is sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Air barrier will be extended on all four sides from finished ceiling or existing framing to the new barrier
Access will be gained as needed (e.g., pull flooring)
Objective(s):
Create a continuous air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a dropped ceiling or soffit
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Entire opening will be spanned with rigid material in line with the ceiling level
Material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Or
Side of stud bays will be sealed with rigid material from bottom of dropped ceiling to top-plate
Or
Wall below openings will be dense packed
Or
Wall below openings will be bridged and sealed with SPF
Seals will be used that prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from dropped ceiling to attic
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Before | After |
Damage to an older ceiling reveals the new ceiling below | Rigid material sealed in place creates an air barrier |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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Prepare work area by removing existing insulation and debris | Option 1, Step 1: Run a bead of sealant around damage in old ceiling |
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Option 1, Step 2: Cover openings with code approved rigid board material or drywall | Option 2: Seal with rigid material along face of stud cavities |
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Option 3: Dense pack cavities through fastened wood plate | Option 4: Bridge cavities at new ceiling level with wrapped batts and SPF |
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Whatever option chosen, test with chemical smoke to verify no leakage |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
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Before | After |
Spans greater than 24 inches require additional bracing before capping | Support should prevent cap from sagging or moving |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
![]() |
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Create bracing to support spans larger than 24", either from above or below | When supporting from above, apply adhesive between drywall and bracing |
![]() |
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Ensure new bracing is secure by using screws to fasten to joist | Bracing can be screwed to drywall before capping chase |
![]() |
Once chase is capped, it is now ready to be sealed along framing |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous seal will be installed around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
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Before | After |
Damage to an old ceiling reveals a newer ceiling below | No gaps should remain after sealant is applied |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Apply sealant to surrounding surfaces before setting cap in place | Sealant should extend along joists and into seams at top plates |
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3 |
Once cap is set, apply sealant to remaining gaps and along all seams |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All remaining gaps will be sealed at the top of the dropped ceiling
Or
All remaining gaps at the top of the chase will be sealed
Objective(s):
Provide airtight framing from one finished side of the dropped ceiling to the other
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Before | After |
Damage to an older ceiling reveals the new ceiling below | No gaps should remain after spray foam is applied |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Caulk along all joists before setting cap | Use sealant to fill all remaining gaps |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a dropped ceiling or soffit
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Ceiling or roof and wall air and thermal barriers will be connected with a rigid airtight connection around the perimeter
Or
If ceiling will support an air barrier and insulation, a rigid airtight barrier (e.g., gypsum) will be attached to current ceiling either above or below
Or
Intermediate framing will be used to support air and thermal barrier
Or
Rigid airtight thermal barrier will be installed at the roof sheathing
Seals will be used that prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from dropped ceiling to attic
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
![]() |
![]() |
Before | After |
Spans greater than 24 inches require additional bracing before capping | Support should prevent cap from sagging or moving |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
![]() |
![]() |
Create bracing to support spans larger than 24", either from above or below | When supporting from above, apply adhesive between drywall and bracing |
![]() |
![]() |
Bracing can be screwed to drywall before capping chase | Ensure new bracing is secure by using screws to fasten to joist |
![]() |
Once chase is capped, it is now ready to be sealed along framing |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous seal will be installed around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
![]() |
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Before | After |
Dropped soffits need to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | No gaps should remain after sealant is applied |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Apply sealant to surrounding surfaces before setting cap in place | Sealant should extend along surround joist and into seams at top plates |
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3 |
Once cap is set, apply sealant to remaining gaps and along all seams |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All remaining gaps will be sealed at the top of the dropped ceiling
Or
All remaining gaps at the top of the chase will be sealed
Objective(s):
Provide airtight framing from one finished side of the dropped ceiling to the other
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Before | After |
Dropped soffits need to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | No gaps should remain after sealant is applied along adjacent framing |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Sealant should have been along all joists and adjacent framing before cap was set | Additional sealant should fill in all remaining gaps after cap has been set |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a dropped ceiling or soffit
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Entire opening will be spanned with rigid material in line with the ceiling level
Material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Or
Side of stud bays will be sealed with rigid material from bottom of dropped ceiling to top-plate
Or
Wall below openings will be dense packed
Or
Wall below openings will be bridged and sealed with SPF
Seals will be used that prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from dropped ceiling to attic
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Before | After |
Unsealed drop soffits over tubs and closets can be a point of leakage | Capped soffits minimize leakage to and from unconditioned spaces |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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Option 1, Step 1: Apply sealant to top-plates or other relevant surfaces | Option 1, Step 2: Cover face of stud bay with code approved rigid board material or drywall |
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Option 1, Step 3: Secure the rigid material with screws | Option 2: Cover face of stud bay with code approved rigid board material, such as plywood |
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Option 3: Dense pack cavity through fastened wood cap | Option 4: Bridge stud bay with wrapped fiberglass and spray foam |
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All Options: Test with smoke pencil to verify no air movement |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
![]() |
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Before | After |
Spans greater than 24 inches require additional bracing before capping | Support should prevent cap from sagging or moving |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
![]() |
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Create bracing to support spans larger than 24", either from above or below | When supporting from above, apply adhesive between drywall and bracing |
![]() |
![]() |
Bracing can be screwed to drywall before capping chase | Ensure new bracing is secure by using screws to fasten to joist |
![]() |
Once chase is capped, it is now ready to be sealed along framing |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous seal will be installed around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend, or sag
![]() |
![]() |
Before | After |
Uninsulated soffits can cause leakage to and from unconditioned spaces | No gaps should remain after spray foam is applied |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Caulk surrounding surfaces before setting cap in place | Sealant should extend along surround joist and into seams at top plates |
![]() |
3 |
Once cap is set, apply sealant to remaining gaps and along all seams |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All remaining gaps at the top of the dropped ceiling will be sealed
Objective(s):
Provide airtight framing from one finished side of the dropped ceiling to the other
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Before | After |
Dropped soffits need to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | No gaps should remain after sealant is applied along adjacent framing |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
![]() |
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1 | 2 |
Apply sealant to surrounding surfaces before setting cap in place | Sealant should extend along adjacent framing and into seams at top plates |
![]() |
3 |
Additional sealant should fill in all remaining gaps after cap has been set |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a dropped ceiling or soffit
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Entire opening will be spanned with rigid material installed in line with the ceiling level
Material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Or
Side of stud bays will be sealed with rigid material from bottom of dropped ceiling to top-plate
Or
Wall below openings will be dense packed
Or
Wall below openings will be bridged and sealed with SPF
Seals will be used that prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from dropped ceiling to attic
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Support material will be installed for spans wider than 24", except when air barrier material is rated to span greater distance under load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Objective(s):
Ensure seal stays in place and does not sag
![]() |
![]() |
Before | After |
Spans greater than 24 inches require additional bracing before capping | Support should prevent cap from sagging or moving |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
![]() |
![]() |
Create bracing to support spans larger than 24", either from above or below | When supporting from above, apply adhesive between drywall and bracing |
![]() |
![]() |
Bracing can be screwed to drywall before capping chase | Ensure new bracing is secure by using screws to fasten to joist |
![]() |
Once chase is capped, it is now ready to be sealed along framing |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Continuous seal will be installed around seams, cracks, joints, edges, penetrations, and connections
Pre-fabricated units may be used when meeting the desired outcome
Objective(s):
Provide airtight, durable seal that does not move, bend or sag
![]() |
![]() |
Before | After |
Dropped soffits need to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | No gaps should remain after spray foam is applied |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
![]() |
![]() |
1 | 2 |
Caulk surrounding surfaces before setting cap in place | Sealant should extend along surround joist and into seams at top plates |
![]() |
3 |
Once cap is set, apply sealant to remaining gaps and along all seams |
Desired Outcome:
Continuous air barrier prevents air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All remaining gaps will be sealed at the top of the dropped ceiling
Or
All remaining gaps at the top of the chase will be sealed
Objective(s):
Provide airtight framing from one finished side of the dropped ceiling to the other
![]() |
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Before | After |
Dropped soffits need to be capped and sealed to prevent leakage | No gaps should remain after sealant is applied along adjacent framing |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Sealant should have been along all joists and framing before cap was set | Additional sealant should fill in all remaining gaps after cap has been set |
Desired Outcome:
Sealed light boxes safely prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a dropped ceiling or soffit
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Sealed light boxes safely prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An airtight seal will be provided around perimeter between light box enclosure and interior ceiling
All seams and penetrations of the enclosure will be sealed
Access will be gained as needed (e.g., pull flooring)
Seals will be used that prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Desired Outcome:
Sealed light boxes safely prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Insulation will be kept at least 3 inches away from the top and side of any fixtures
If dropped ceiling is to be filled with insulation, then a sealed rigid barrier enclosure will be installed to maintain a 3 inches clearance on all sides
Top of rigid barrier enclosure will be sealed with non-insulating rigid material (e.g., gypsum or equivalent perm rating and R-value)
Objective(s):
Prevent light fixture from overheating
Bring light fixture inside of the air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Dropped soffits sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a dropped ceiling or soffit
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Dropped soffits sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Air flow will be blocked at soffit in locations where access allows
Objective(s):
Provide continuous air barrier across soffit openings
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Before | After |
Accessible drop soffits should be sealed to prevent heat gain/loss | Completely sealed drop soffits and chases minimize heat transfer |
Tools:
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Materials:
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There is a variety of ways to seal soffits. Please examine 3.1003.6c and 3.1003.6d for more information.
Desired Outcome:
Dropped soffits sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Entire opening will be spanned with rigid material in line with the ceiling level
Material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from wall to attic
Reduce opening to what can be sealed with sealant
Ensure closure is permanent and supports any load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Bring soffit into thermal boundary
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Before | After |
Standard soffits are often open to the attic and uninsulated | Rigid material encloses the soffit into the conditioned living space |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Soffits open to the attic need to be sealed to maintain air barrier | Apply sealant along top plates |
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3 | 4 |
Cap soffit with rigid material, such as drywall, cut to size | Fasten cap with screws to set sealant and create air barrier |
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5 |
Insulate over now-capped soffit |
Desired Outcome:
Dropped soffits sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Each stud bay will be spanned with rigid material will be cut to fit and fastened as required
Or
Backing at each stud bay will be provided and will be sealed
Or
Side of stud bays will be sealed with rigid material from bottom of soffit to top-plate
Or
A sealed rigid barrier will be installed at all transitions
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage from wall to soffit
Reduce opening to what can be sealed with sealant
Ensure soffit is outside of the thermal boundary
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Before | After |
Wall cavities are open to attic and heat transfer due to dropped soffit | Wall cavities capped and air-sealed in one of a variety of options |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Clear work area of insulation and debris | Option 1: Span each stud bay with rigid material at level of soffit |
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Option 2: Backing used to fill bays and sealed with spray foam | Option 3: Stud bay will faced with rigid material, fastened and sealed |
Desired Outcome:
Dropped soffits sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Insulation will be kept at least 3" away from the top and side of any fixtures
If dropped soffit is to be filled with insulation, then a sealed rigid barrier enclosure will be installed to maintain a 3" clearance around the entire fixture
Top of rigid barrier enclosure will be sealed with non-insulating rigid material (e.g., gypsum or equivalent perm rating and R-value)
Objective(s):
Prevent light fixture from overheating
Bring light fixture inside of the air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Cathedralized attics sealed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a cathedralized ceiling
Repairs will be completed before work begins
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Cathedralized attics sealed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected material and the characteristics of the open space
The infill or backing will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Objective(s):
Minimize hole size to ensure successful use of sealant
Ensure closure is permanent and supports any load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Ensure sealant does not fall out
Desired Outcome:
Cathedralized attics sealed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will allow for differential expansion and contraction between dissimilar materials
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, according to authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Select permanent sealant
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
Desired Outcome:
Tongue and groove ceilings sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
An inspection will be conducted for mold, water leaks, and water damage before sealing a tongue and groove ceiling
Repairs will be completed before work
Objective(s):
Repair moisture-related issues
Desired Outcome:
Tongue and groove ceilings sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Backing will be installed behind tongue and groove ceilings
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage and allow for sealants
Desired Outcome:
Tongue and groove ceilings sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between the attic and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, according to authority having jurisdiction
No sealant will be allowed to be visible in the living space
Objective(s):
Select permanent sealant
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
Ensure ceiling remains aesthetically pleasing
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
EPA's renovation, repair and Painting (RRP) Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Existing weather-stripping and sash sealant will be removed
Surface where the sill meets the sash will be cleaned
Seal between the fixed components of the window (e.g., jambs, sill) will be continuous and complete while maintaining the operability of the window
Continuous and complete weather-stripping will be installed on the bottom of the lower sash where it makes contact with the sill and at the top of the upper sash where it makes contact with the upper part of the window frame
Objective(s):
Form a complete seal from the outer edge of the sash to the jamb
Maintain operability of the window
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Locks will be installed so that the rails of the upper and lower sashes are flush and in full contact
No gaps will be visible between the two sashes
Locks will be installed to achieve compression of the two sashes
Objective(s):
Form a secure connection between the two sashes
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Beveled sill will be flush with interior wall and sloped to the exterior
Seams will be continuously and completely sealed with sealant to the jambs and to the frame
Sill will be water-sealed and primed
Objective(s):
Form a complete seal from the bottom of the lower sash to the sill
Maintain operability of the window
Allow for drainage to the exterior
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Before | After |
Rot in and under a window sill is often a sign of a bigger problem | Once repaired, this window is less leaky and better supported |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Remove sill to determine full extent of rot and necessary repairs | Once rotted materials are cut away, determine sizing of new materials |
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Cut new materials flush to surrounding surfaces and pitch toward exterior | For exterior repairs, replace flashing |
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Set new sill, then replace and prime trim |
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Lower sash will have the same bevel on the bottom rail as the sill
Sash will be water-sealed and primed
Objective(s):
Ensure sash remains in a fixed position when open or partially open
Maintain operability of the window
Form a complete seal from the bottom of the lower sash to the sill
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Stops will be adjusted to eliminate visible gaps between the stops and the jamb while maintaining operability of the window
Objective(s):
Form a complete seal between the jamb, sash, and stop
Maintain operability of the window
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Stops will be installed to keep the window securely in place
Stops will be adjusted to eliminate visible gaps between the stops and the jamb while maintaining operability of the window
Objective(s):
Form a complete seal between the jamb, sash, and stop
Maintain operability of the window
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
EPA's RRP Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
All egress windows will be operable as required by local codes
Objective(s):
Maintain operability of egress windows
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Details that reduce air infiltration will be repaired, replaced, sealed, or installed (e.g., new latch for meeting rail connection, pulley seals, rope caulking for other cracks, interior storm windows)
State Energy Conservation Code or local code requirements for air leakage should be met (whichever is more stringent)
Objective(s):
Reduce air infiltration
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Details that reduce water infiltration will be repaired, replaced, or installed (e.g., replace missing glazing compound on sash, exterior caulking, exterior storm windows)
Objective(s):
Reduce water infiltration
Desired Outcome:
Windows operable and weather tight; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Occupants will be notified of changes or repairs made and will be educated on how to operate and maintain window
Objective(s):
Ensure long-term weather tightness
Desired Outcome:
Doors operable and weather tight
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
EPA's RRP Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/ May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Doors operable and weather tight
Specification(s):
Door will be adjusted to properly fit the jamb and allow for ease of operation (e.g., hinge replacement, re-plane door, door strike adjustment)
Objective(s):
Ensure proper operation of the door
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Before | After |
Daylight visible around door can indicate it does not hang true and leaks | With proper adjustment, doors should hang true and minimize leakage |
Tools:
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Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
After examining how door hangs, remove door from hinges | Adjust hinge plates to bring door back into true |
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3 | 4 |
Adjust strike plate to allow for secure and smooth operation | Rehang door to verify adjustments worked and door operates smoothly |
Desired Outcome:
Doors operable and weather tight
Specification(s):
Details that reduce air infiltration will be repaired, replaced, sealed, or installed in accordance with State Energy Conservation Code or local code-whichever is more stringent (e.g., weather-stripping, door bottoms, trim replacement with foam)
Objective(s):
Reduce air infiltration
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Before | After |
Daylight visible around an exterior door indicates air infiltration | Weather-stripping and a door bottom minimize air infiltration around doors |
Tools:
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Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Remove leaky door in order to affix door bottom | Measure and trim door, if necessary, to allow for door bottom |
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3 | 4 |
Trimming to allow for door bottom | Cut door bottom to width of door |
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5 | 6 |
Ensure door bottom fits snugly around door and fasten into place | Measure doorway for weather-stripping |
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7 | 8 |
Notch upper ends of side weather-stripping to allow for top piece | Weather-stripping should fit snugly into rabbit and against other pieces |
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9 |
Rehang door and verify fit, operation, and lack of air infiltration |
Desired Outcome:
Doors operable and weather tight
Specification(s):
Details that reduce water infiltration will be repaired, replaced, sealed, or installed (e.g., adjust threshold, caulk jamb to threshold, caulk trim, flashing)
Objective(s):
Reduce water infiltration
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Before | After |
Daylight visible under exterior doors indicate water can leak in | By adjusting the threshold and sealing along it, water should be kept out |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Adjust threshold to minimize gap and keep water out | Caulk along threshold from inside and outside to prevent water infiltration |
Desired Outcome:
Doors operable and weather tight
Specification(s):
Occupants will be notified of changes or repairs made and will be educated on how to operate and maintain weather-stripping and caulk around door and trim
Objective(s):
Ensure long-term weather tightness
Desired Outcome:
Pocket door sealed top and back to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected material and the characteristics of the hole
The infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Objective(s):
Minimize hole size to ensure successful use of sealant
Ensure closure is permanent and supports any load (e.g., wind, insulation)
Ensure sealant does not fall out
Desired Outcome:
Pocket door sealed top and back to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will allow for differential expansion and contraction between dissimilar materials
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, according to authority having jurisdiction
Sealant will be used in accordance with OSHA/manufacturer safety protocol for worker and occupant safety
Manufacturer MSDS sheet will be followed for worker safety
Objective(s):
Select permanent sealant
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
EPA's RRP Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/ May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Putty and push points will be removed
Broken or cracked glass will be removed
Objective(s):
Safely remove old glass
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Before | In Progress |
Broken glass with failed repairs needs to be replaced | Large pieces of glass have been removed but sash still needs preparation |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Always wear heavy work gloves when working with glass | Cut through caulk bead and glazing to ease removal |
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3 | 4 |
With points and glass removed, measure opening for replacement pane | Remove old putty and glazing to expose metal points holding glass in place |
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5 |
Cut replacement glass 1/8" smaller than measured opening |
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Opening will be cleaned
Objective(s):
Prepare opening for new glass
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Before | In Progress |
Remove all debris from sash either by sand paper, knife, or chisel | Mount new glass onto a clean surface |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Debris in the sash can cause new glass to seal improperly | Check closely to remove all pieces of broken glass and debris |
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3 |
With sash cleaned, glass will fit properly and glazing will seal |
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Glass will be sized 1/8" to 3/16'' smaller than opening to allow for movement of frame
Safety glass will be installed in accordance with local codes
Push points will be provided on each side to secure glass in frame
Glazing compound will be added in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure glazing compound will adhere to sash
Install, seal, and secure new glass in place
Allow glazing compound to harden to ensure secure installation
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Before | After |
With sash prepared, installation of new pane can begin | Replacement glass should be securely fixed with points and glazing |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Always wear heavy work gloves when working with glass | With broken glass removed, measure opening for replacement glass |
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3 | 4 |
Cut replacement glass 1/8" smaller than measured opening | Use shims to center glass while installing push points |
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5 | 6 |
With push points in place, glaze to air seal new glass pane in sash | Secure pane in place with tape to hold until glazing sets |
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
EPA's RRP Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Window stops and damaged glass will be removed
Objective(s):
Safely remove old glass
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Before | In Progress |
Broken glass with failed repairs needs to be replaced | After larger pieces are removed, the sash still needs preparation |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Always wear heavy work gloves when working with glass | Cut through caulk or glazing to simplify removal |
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3 | 4 |
Remove old putty and glazing from glass to expose pin nails holding glass | With pins and glass removed, measure opening for replacement pane |
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5 |
Cut replacement glass 1/8" smaller than measured opening |
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Opening will be cleaned
Glazing tape will be removed or replaced
Objective(s):
Prepare opening for new glass
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Before | In Progress |
Remove all debris, glazing tape, and glass from sash | Sash surface must be clean before mounting new glass |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Debris in the sash can cause new glass to seal improperly | Check closely to remove and collect all broken glass and debris |
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3 |
With sash cleaned, glass will fit properly and glazing will seal |
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Replacement glass will be sized to original width, height, and depth
Stops will be replaced or installed
Wood stops will be sealed to glass with appropriate sealant
Glass will be selected with comparable tint and coating (color and look)
Tempered glass will be installed as required by local codes
Glazing compound will be added in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Install, seal, and secure new glass in place
Allow glazing compound to harden to ensure secure installation
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Before | After |
With sash prepared, new pane installation can begin | Replaced glass should be held in place while glazing sets |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Always wear heavy work gloves when working with glass | With broken glass removed, measure rough opening for replacement glass size |
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3 | 4 |
Cut replacement glass 1/8" smaller than measured opening | With sash prepared, shim glass to center in opening and reinstall stops |
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5 |
Apply window glazing to air seal new pane |
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
EPA's RRP Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/ May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Interior stops, sashes, parting strips, and pulleys will be removed
Opening will be cleaned
Objective(s):
Provide a clean opening for replacement window unit
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Replacement window will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications, ensuring that the exterior stops are caulked
Objective(s):
Ensure replacement window operates properly
Ensure replacement window has a weather tight fit
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Egress windows and safety glass will be installed in accordance with local codes
Objective(s):
Meet all codes when replacing windows
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Occupants will be notified of changes or repairs made and will be educated on how to operate and maintain window
Objective(s):
Ensure long-term weather tightness
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise
EPA's RRP Program rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Replacement window will be laid out with trim
Exterior trim will be removed or exterior siding will be cut back to fit new window with trim
Existing window will be removed
Window opening will be flashed in accordance with accepted industry standards
Objective(s):
Provide a clean and properly flashed opening for replacement window unit
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Before | In Progress |
Single pane window in newer home | Window is removed to allow for replacement with double pane unit |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Single pane window needs to be replaced with double pane | Cut through caulk at stops to break seal |
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3 | 4 |
Remove stops while attempting to keep damage to rough opening to minimum | Remove interior trim |
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5 | 6 |
Remove exterior trim | Remove exterior fasteners to free window |
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7 | 8 |
Remove window from rough opening | Clean rough opening to remove old caulk and debris |
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9 |
Install flashing along sides and bottom of rough opening |
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Mounting detail will be determined based on depth of window and location of window liner
Objective(s):
Allow for good fit and finish of replacement window
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Before | In Progress |
Single pane window is being removed | Double-pane unit replaces previous single-pane one |
Tools:
|
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1 | 2 |
Measure rough opening depth to determine best method of installation | Clean old sealant off exterior surface to allow for flange installation |
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3 |
Install unit following appropriate detail for rough opening and unit depth |
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Replacement windows will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications and will be integrated with flashing
Gaps between the new window and existing frame will be sealed with low-expanding foam
Objective(s):
Ensure replacement window operates properly
Ensure replacement window is weather tight
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Before | After |
Single-pane window is being removed to install double-pane unit | Double-pane unit installed with trim in place |
Tools:
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Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Install flashing to manufacturer specs and industry standards | Flanges have been folded out to allow for easy installation |
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3 | 4 |
Fasten window flange securely around exterior of entire window | With window secured in place, check for proper function |
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5 | 6 |
Check that sash locks align properly, indicating window is plumb | Fill interior gap with compressible foam or appropriate sealant |
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7 | 8 |
Prime and replace interior trim and, if needed, sill | Replace exterior trim and patch exterior siding or finish as needed |
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Egress windows and safety glass will be installed in accordance with local codes
Objective(s):
Meet all codes when replacing windows
Desired Outcome:
Replacement window provides weather tight fit; improved energy efficiency performance of fenestration
Specification(s):
Occupant will be notified of changes or repairs made and will be educated on how to operate and maintain window
Objective(s):
Ensure long-term weather tightness
Desired Outcome:
Crawl spaces and basements separated using appropriate methods that define spaces and allow for treatment in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Crawl space will be separated from the conditioned basement with a continuous air barrier, ground moisture barrier, and thermal boundary
Objective(s):
Create separation and define spaces
Enable treatment of crawl spaces and basements by referenced specifications
Increase house durability and energy efficiency
Desired Outcome:
Crawl spaces and basements separated using appropriate methods that define spaces and allow for treatment in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Crawl space will be separated from the conditioned basement with a continuous air barrier and ground moisture barrier
Objective(s):
Create separation and define spaces
Enable treatment of crawl spaces and basements by referenced specifications
Increase house durability and energy efficiency
Desired Outcome:
Crawl spaces and basements separated using appropriate methods that define spaces and allow for treatment in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Vented crawl space will be separated from the unconditioned basement with a continuous air barrier and ground moisture barrier
Objective(s):
Create separation and define spaces
Enable treatment of crawl spaces and basements by referenced specifications
Increase house durability and energy efficiency
Desired Outcome:
Crawl spaces and basements separated using appropriate methods that define spaces and allow for treatment in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Unconditioned basement will be treated as an extension of the closed crawl space
Objective(s):
Create separation and define spaces
Enable treatment of crawl spaces and basements by referenced specifications
Increase house durability and energy efficiency
Desired Outcome:
Air leakage prevented and indoor air quality protected
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
The backing or infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Objective(s):
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports any load (e.g., insulation)
Ensure sealant does not fall out
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Before | After |
Gaps around floor penetrations, such as plumbing, HVAC, and electrical | Gaps should be sealed to maintain air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Prepare work space by removing any insulation | Infill with backer rod |
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3 | 4 |
Visually inspect to verify no gaps remain | Apply appropriate caulking to ensure backing/infill does not move |
Desired Outcome:
Air leakage prevented and indoor air quality protected
Specification(s):
Sealants will be used to fill holes no larger than recommended by manufacturer specifications
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will allow for differential expansion and contraction between dissimilar materials
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, according to authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Create a permanent seal
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Avoid sealants that do not allow for expansion between dissimilar materials | Flexible sealants compensate for differential expansion and maintain a seal |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Caulking can be used to span gaps up to 1/4 inch | Spray foam can be used to span gaps up to 3 inches |
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Check manufacturer specifications to verify spanning capabilities | Also check manufacturer specs for incompatibility with intended surfaces |
Desired Outcome:
Air leakage prevented and indoor air quality protected
Specification(s):
Only non-combustible materials will be used in contact with chimneys, vents, and flues in accordance with authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Gaps around floor penetrations allow air and moisture movement | Use non-combustible materials, like 26-gauge steel and high-temp caulk |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Prepare work area by removing any insulation and debris | Use high-temperature caulking (600F min) |
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3 | 4 |
Apply first ring of caulking to match shape of opening | Apply second ring of caulking to size and shape of rigid material |
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5 | 6 |
Fasten rigid material (26-gauge steel) and apply additional caulking | Fasten rigid material to cover penetration and seal against flue with caulk |
Desired Outcome:
Air and moisture penetration through the existing vent into the crawl space blocked
Specification(s):
Vent opening will be permanently closed and sealed except in cases where there is evidence of previous ground water intrusion.
Objective(s):
Prevent air and moisture penetration
Desired Outcome:
Well-sealed exterior wall prevents leakage and pests
Specification(s):
Penetrations will be sealed with a durable material
A minimum expected service life of 10 years will be ensured
Objective(s):
Prevent air and moisture penetration into crawl space
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Before | After |
Light showing through penetration in exterior block wall | Sealed with durable material to prevent air and water leakage, and pests |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Measure holes to determine the best backing and fill strategy | In holes larger than 1/4 inch, wire mesh should be used for backing |
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Sprayfoam or caulk seal the hole |
Desired Outcome:
Well-sealed exterior wall prevents leakage and pests
Specification(s):
If penetration is greater than 1/4 inches, caulking, steel wool, or other pest-proof material will be used to fill the penetration before sealing
Objective(s):
Prevent pest entry
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Before | After |
For bigger holes, extra steps should be taken to keep out pests | Choose the backing and infill strategy that works best for the hole size |
Tools:
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Materials:
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For holes larger than 1/4", rigid backing should be used to keep pests out | Metal mesh or other rigid materials should be cut to fill the space |
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Sprayfoam can be used to seal the hole and hold mesh in place |
Desired Outcome:
Well-sealed exterior wall prevents leakage and pests
Specification(s):
Penetrations will be sealed with a durable material, including the following:
Objective(s):
Reduce moisture vapor and water from entering the crawl space through the rain screen
Decrease probability of rot
Desired Outcome:
Well-sealed exterior wall prevents leakage and pests
Specification(s):
If penetration is greater than ¼", a pest-proof material will be used to fill the penetration before sealing
Objective(s):
Prevent pest entry
Desired Outcome:
Closed, attached crawl spaces sealed but accessible
Specification(s):
A continuous air and vapor barrier between the attached crawl space under unconditioned spaces and the closed crawl space will be maintained
Objective(s):
Prevent air and moisture penetration
Desired Outcome:
Closed, attached crawl spaces sealed but accessible
Specification(s):
When adding access to a crawl space:
Objective(s):
Provide access to attached crawl space for inspections
Desired Outcome:
Protective skirting effectively installed to retard damage from natural causes such as wind, water, and pests
Specification(s):
Any materials making contact with the ground will be rated for ground contact
Skirting will be continuous around the perimeter and enclose the entire floor area below the conditioned living space
Objective(s):
Minimize pests, wind, water, and freezing of pipes under house
Desired Outcome:
Protective skirting effectively installed to retard damage from natural causes such as wind, water, and pests
Specification(s):
Skirting will be flashed to prevent the entrance of water
Objective(s):
Prevent water from entering space under house
Desired Outcome:
Protective skirting effectively installed to retard damage from natural causes such as wind, water, and pests
Specification(s):
Entire skirting will be mechanically fastened
Objective(s):
Ensure lasting upgrade
Desired Outcome:
Openings from garage sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
All lighting fixtures, wiring, plumbing, venting, ducting, and gas piping penetrations will be sealed
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage and pollutant entry
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Before | After |
Penetrations between the garage and house can leak hazardous fumes | Seal penetrations to minimize risks and air leakage |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Openings from garage sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
All joints and connections in ductwork will be fastened and sealed with gaskets, adhesive mastics, or mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage and pollutant entry
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Before | After |
Unsealed joints and connections need to be sealed to prevent health risks. | Sealed ductwork connections help prevent leakage. |
Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Prepare work area by assessing any safety concerns. | Wrap joint with fiberglass mesh tape. |
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3 |
Apply mastic to seal joint. |
Desired Outcome:
Openings from garage sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
All cracks in house and garage separation wall will be sealed, including cracks between mud sill, rim joists, subfloors, and bottom of gypsum board, ensuring the air sealing enhances the integrity of the fire resistance construction of that wall
All cracks in ceiling surfaces will be sealed
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage and pollutant entry
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Before | After |
Cracks in shared walls of attached garages are a potential leakage site | Air sealing reduces pollutant entry, but does not diminish fire resistance |
Materials:
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Determine which walls are shared between garage and living space | Inspect wall and ceiling for cracks and penetrations |
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Clear work area of obstacles and debris | Apply appropriate sealant dependent upon size of crack and location |
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Ensure sealant does not decrease wall's fire resistance |
Desired Outcome:
Openings from garage sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Weather-stripping, door sweep, and threshold will be installed to stop air leakage
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage and pollutant entry
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Before | After |
Daylight visible under door to garage indicates leakage | Door sweep, with weather-stripping, will minimize air exchange with garage |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Remove door for access to work space and to install sweep | Measure for weather-stripping around door |
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3 | 4 |
Install weather-stripping into rabbit around door | Corners of weather-stripping should be snug and secure |
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5 | 6 |
Adjust threshold to minimize contaminant and water infiltration | Caulk along threshold to minimize water and contaminant infiltration |
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7 | 8 |
Cut door sweep to width of the door | Ensure door sweep fits tightly against bottom of door and fasten in place |
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9 |
Rehang door to verify snug fit and smooth operation |
Desired Outcome:
Openings from garage sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Broken glass panes in doors will be replaced, pointed, and glazed where needed
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage and pollutant entry
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Before | After |
Broken glass in exterior and garage doors allows for leakage. Replace it | With new glass in place, take care to tightly seal and replace stops |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Remove stops, taking care not to damage them | Remove broken glass and clean old sealant and glazing from rough opening |
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Measure rough opening and cut new glass to size | Apply sealant to rough opening and place new glass |
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Seal glass into place from inside as well to ensure no air infiltration | Replace stops and rehang door |
Desired Outcome:
Openings from garage sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
CO alarms will be installed in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2, applicable codes and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Warn occupants of CO exposure from attached garage
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Carbon monoxide alarms should be installed throughout the house | Occupants should be alerted to CO alarm locations and maintenance |
Desired Outcome:
Openings from garage sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Occupant will be educated on need to keep door from garage to house closed and not to warm up vehicles or use any gas engine appliances or grills in the garage, even if the main door is left open
Objective(s):
Reduce risk of CO poisoning inside of garage and adjacent rooms
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Communicate importance of never running vehicles in a closed garage | Speak with occupant about hazards of using gas appliances in the garage |
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Occupants should never run vehicles in a closed garage | Occupants should not light combustibles inside garages |
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Speak with occupant about hazards of using gas appliances in the garage |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Type and R-value of existing duct insulation (e.g., fiberglass, stone wool, asbestos) will be identified as will the location of vapor retarders, if any
If asbestos insulation was used, it will not be disturbed; consult with an asbestos abatement expert for removal
Surrounding insulation will be cleared to expose joints being sealed
Duct surface to accept sealant will be cleaned
Insulation will be returned or replaced with equivalent R-value
Objective(s):
Gain access while maintaining insulation value
Achieve proper adhesion for airtight seal
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Round ducts will be mechanically fastened to maintain alignment
Other shaped ducts will be securely fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems, or tapes
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Joints will be fastened with tie bands using a tie band tensioning tool
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Joints will be fastened with clinch stapler
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Metal take-off collar will be used and attached in accordance with IRC
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Plenum will be mechanically fastened
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Termination bar or metal strip will be fastened with screws
Duct board will be installed between the screw and the termination bar
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Screws or nails will be used to fasten boot to wood
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Boot hanger will be fastened to adjacent framing with screws or nails
Boot will be connected to boot hanger with screws
Integral snap boots will be installed
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Take-offs will be in accordance with IRC and applicable local code
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Condition of ductwork identified and necessary repairs made in preparation for spray polyurethane foam (SPF) application
Specification(s):
All exposed ductwork in unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics, basements, crawl spaces) will be inspected
Broken joints or large cracks, gaps, or holes will be identified
Type of ductwork (e.g., metal, duct board, flex duct) will be identified
Type and R-value of existing duct insulation (e.g., fiberglass, stone wool, asbestos) will be identified as will the location of vapor retarders, if any
If asbestos insulation was used, it will not be disturbed; consult with an asbestos abatement expert for removal
Loose fitting or damaged fiberglass or stone wool insulation will be removed using proper safety equipment
Necessary clearances for installation of SPF will be ensured
Objective(s):
Identify damaged ductwork in need of repair
Identify type and R-value of existing insulation
Desired Outcome:
Condition of ductwork identified and necessary repairs made in preparation for spray polyurethane foam (SPF) application
Specification(s):
Broken or missing ductwork will be repaired or replaced
All cracks, gaps, or holes greater than 1/4" will be taped or sealed as feasible
Dust, dirt, and grease will be removed from exterior surfaces of ducts
Objective(s):
Cover openings in ducts to prevent SPF from entering the interior of the duct
Ensure surfaces of duct are clean to promote proper adhesion of SPF
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly supported
Specification(s):
Flexible and duct board ducts and plenums will be supported every 4' using a minimum of 1 ½" wide material
Support materials will be applied in a way that does not crimp ductwork or cause the interior dimensions of the ductwork to be less than specified (e.g., ceiling, framing, strapping); duct support must be installed in accordance with authority having jurisdiction
Metal ducts will be supported by 1/2 inch wide eighteen gauge metal straps or 12-gauge galvanized wire at intervals not exceeding 10 feet or other approved means
Objective(s):
Eliminate falling and sagging
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Before | After |
Ducts should not be allowed to droop and drag, adding distance to run | Properly supported ducts minimize heat loss and maximize duct run |
Tools:
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Materials:
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BAD: | |
Make sure supports DO NOT compress insulation or duct | Flex ducts should have supports no less than every 4 feet |
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Durable strap should be at least 1 1/2 inches wide | Metal ducts should be supported every 10 feet or less with straps or wire |
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Metal straps should be at least 18 gauge and 1/2 inch wide | Metal wire should be at least 12 gauge and galvanized |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Any closure system used will be in accordance with IRC Chapter 16
Objective(s):
Ensure effectiveness of air sealing system
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations less than 1/4" will be sealed using fiberglass mesh and mastic
Mastic alone will be acceptable for holes less than 1/4" that are more than 10 feet from air handler
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations between 1/4" and ¾" will be sealed in two stages:
Objective(s):
Eliminate air leakage into or out of ducts and plenums
Ensure adhesion of primary seal (mastic and fiberglass mesh) to the duct
Reinforce seal
Support mastic and fiberglass mesh during curing
The Nebraska Weatherization Assistance Program requires:
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations less than 1/4" will be sealed using fiber-embedded mastic
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations between 1/4" and 3/4" will be sealed in two stages:
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations larger than 3/4" will be repaired using rigid duct material
Mastic will overlap repair joint or existing temporary tape by at least 1" on all sides
Objective(s):
Eliminate air leakage into or out of ducts and plenums
Ensure adhesion of primary seal (fiberglass mesh and mastic) to the duct
Reinforce seal
Support fiberglass mesh and mastic during curing
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Before | After |
Unsealed joints and connections need to be sealed to prevent health risks | Sealed ductwork connections help prevent leakage |
Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Prepare work area by assessing any safety concerns | Wrap joint with fiberglass mesh tape |
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3 |
Apply mastic to seal joint |
Desired Outcome:
Exposed ductwork in unconditioned spaces insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed according to manufacturer specifications and all provisions of the IRC
SPF will be applied to desired thickness, using pass thickness maximum as indicated by manufacturer
Sufficient insulation will be applied to all joints and around all penetrations to the conditioned space through walls, floors, and ceilings
SPF will be covered with proper fire protective coverings or coatings appropriate for location of ductwork and type of foam used and provisions of the IRC and local codes
If ducts are used for air-conditioning, an appropriate vapor retarder will be applied on the SPF if open-cell SPF used
If 2" or more of closed-cell SPF is used, follow manufacturer specification to determine if additional vapor retarder is needed
The flame spread index will not be greater than 25 and the smoke-developed index is not greater than 450 at the specified installed thickness
The foam plastic will be protected with an ignition barrier
Objective(s):
Insulate and seal all exposed ductwork in unconditioned spaces
Manage moisture condensation on ductwork that carry cooled air in warm, moist climates
Provide adequate fire protection for exposed SPF
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
All gaps between boot and interior surface that defines conditioned space will be air sealed
Gypsum edge will be wetted before applying water-based sealant
Sealants will be continuous and be in accordance with IRC
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Gaps around duct boots allow for leakage to and from the attic | Use a mesh in mastic system to seal duct boot to interior surface |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Remove grill to expose duct boot and gaps | Wet the edges of the drywall to ensure a good bond |
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3 | 4 |
Cut mesh tape to fit around duct boot and cover gaps | Apply mastic over mesh tape to create heat resistant, durable bond |
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5 |
Once mastic is set, grill can be replaced and mastic should not show |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Accessible connections and joints will be made airtight using approved material
Objective(s):
Ensure ducts and plenums will not leak
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Joints will be closed and cracks and holes not needed for proper function of unit will be sealed using removable sealant (e.g., foil tape) or in accordance with the original equipment manufacturer directions (if available)
Objective(s):
Reduce air leakage while maintaining accessibility
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Before | After |
Unnecessary holes in the air handler cabinet need to be sealed | Use removable foil tape to seal holes |
Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Unnecessary holes in the air handler cabinet should be sealed | Removable foil tape should be used to seal |
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3 |
Fully cover holes with tape to seal completely |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
A pre-manufactured or site manufactured durable filter slot cover will be installed
Objective(s):
Reduce air leakage while maintaining accessibility
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Before | After |
Uncovered filter slots are a point of leakage | Filter slots should be covered |
Desired Outcome:
The return duct installed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Debris and dirt will be cleaned out of the return platform
Objective(s):
Allow for the application of rigid materials and sealants
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Before | In Progress |
Dirty, unsealed return platform needs to be cleaned out before sealing | Vacuum out debris and dirt from the return to prepare work area |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
The return duct installed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected material and the characteristics of the open space
Backing or infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Material will be rated for use in return duct systems
Objective(s):
Minimize hole size to ensure successful use of sealant
Ensure closure is permanent and supports any load (e.g., return air pressure)
Ensure sealant does not fall out
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Before | In Progress |
Leakage from air return into wall cavities should be eliminated | Only materials rated for use in higher temperature areas should be used |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Do NOT use EPS in air returns due to proximity to combustion appliances |
Desired Outcome:
The return duct installed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Sealants will be continuous and be in accordance with IRC
Objective(s):
Select permanent sealant
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Sealants, like mesh and mastic, meet IRC, ASTM, and UL specs | Caulk sealants will be continuous |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Paraphrased from IRC: Wall and ceiling finishes will have a flame spread index of 200 or less and a smoke-developed index of 450 or less
Desired Outcome:
Connections between the crawl space/unconditioned basement and living space eliminated to improve indoor air quality ( IAQ ) and efficiency of the distribution system
Specification(s):
Basements and crawl spaces that are used as heating and cooling supply plenums will not be allowed
Objective(s):
Eliminate connection between the crawl space/unconditioned basement and living space
Desired Outcome:
Connections between the crawl space/unconditioned basement and living space eliminated to improve indoor air quality ( IAQ ) and efficiency of the distribution system
Specification(s):
Basements and crawl spaces that are used as heating and cooling return plenums will not be allowed
Objective(s):
Eliminate connection between the crawl space/unconditioned basement and living space
Desired Outcome:
Ensure Safety from fire and prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
A fire-rated air barrier system (i.e., equivalent to 5/8 fire code gypsum wallboard) will be used to separate non-IC rated recessed lights from insulation, using one of the methods below:
A fire-rated airtight closure taller than surrounding attic insulation will be placed over non-IC rated recessed lights
Or
The non-IC rated light fixture will be replaced with an airtight and IC-rated fixture
Or
The fixture(s) may be replaced with surface mounted fixture and opening sealed
Or
Air sealing measures as approved by the authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Prevent air leakage through fixture
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Before | After |
Non-IC rated recessed light fixtures should be dammed from insulation | Sealed box around non-IC light should be taller than surrounding insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Box should be constructed with clearances in mind | Sealed box should be constructed of fire-rated drywall |
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Or non-IC can light can be replaced with IC-rated recessed light |
Desired Outcome:
Ensure Safety from fire and prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
The top-fire-rated enclosure material will have an R-value of 0.56 or less
The top of the enclosure will be left free of insulation
Objective(s):
Prevent heat build up
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Before | After |
Non-IC rated recessed lights create excess heat and are a fire risk | Once dammed from insulation, it should still not have insulation on top |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Ensure Safety from fire and prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
The entire closure will maintain a 3" clearance between the closure and the fixture including wiring, box, and ballast
Objective(s):
Keep an air space around the fixture
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Before | After |
Non-IC rated recessed lights produce excess heat and can be a fire risk | A 3 inch clearance should be kept from boxing materials |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Ensure Safety from fire and prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Caulk, mastic, or foam will be used on all edges, gaps, cracks, holes, and penetrations of closure material only
Objective(s):
To prevent air leakage, completely adhere the sealant to all surfaces to be sealed
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Before | After |
Non-IC recessed light fixtures produce excess heat and can be a fire risk | Entire box should be sealed, but none should come in contact with light |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Insulation kept away from contact with live wiring
Specification(s):
Contractor, assessor, auditor, or similar will inspect and assess the house to identify knob and tube wiring
Objective(s):
Determine if knob and tube wiring exists
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Unsafe |
Identify knob and tube wiring in homes to insulate properly and safely |
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More knob & tube wiring | Knob & tube wiring again |
Desired Outcome:
Insulation kept away from contact with live wiring
Specification(s):
Non-contact testing method will be used to identify live wiring
Objective(s):
Ensure Safety of occupants, workers, and house
Plan where remediation is needed
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Unsafe | Safe |
Knob & tube wiring needs to be tested to determine if still live. Red=live | Live wiring should be dammed or professionally disabled before insulating |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Insulation kept away from contact with live wiring
Specification(s):
Live knob and tube will not be covered or surrounded; required by the National Electrical Code (NEC) or authority having jurisdiction
A licensed electrical contractor will inspect and certify wiring to be safe and place a warning at all entries to the attic about the presence of knob and tube wiring
A dam that does not cover the top will be created to separate insulation from the wire path
Or
Knob and tube wiring will be replaced with new appropriate wiring by a licensed electrician in accordance with local codes
Remaining knob and tube wiring will be rendered inoperable by licensed electrician in accordance with local codes
The Nebraska State Electrical Board permits covering knob and tube wiring with insulation after the wiring has been appropriately covered to prevent direct contact with the insulation.
The covering must provide adequate air space (a minimum of 3 ½" clearance) for "cooling" of the wire.
The Nebraska Installation Standards will require:
Once the wire locations are documented in the client file, the wiring may be appropriately shielded, as indicated above, to provide adequate air movement space for the "cooling" of the wire and insulated.
This determination may be completed by:
In attic areas where knob and tube wiring penetrates the plane of the attic and extends up into a side or knee wall, a fire resistant baffling will be installed around the wire to provide sufficient space for air movement around the wire to provide adequate air space to accommodate the "cooling" of the wire.
See Health & Safety 2.0601.1c - Isolation and protection details.
If attic installation is being installed as per the directive above, the Nebraska State Electrical Board recommends the use of a licensed electrician for the installation of safety fuses as is indicated in the National Electrical Code. Existing fuses will remain intact if no insulation is being completed in the home.
Objective(s):
Ensure work can be completed safely
Protect occupant and house
Ensure future work can be done safely
Prevent the overheating of the wiring
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Before | After |
Knob & tube wiring radiates heat and cannot be insulated over | Before insulation, wiring should be dammed or disabled and replaced |
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If electrician determines wiring is Safe and keeps it active, isolate wires | To isolate, dams higher than intended insulation depth should be installed |
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Warning of knob & tube should be posted at all entrances to related spaces | If knob & tube can be replaced, all existent k&t should be disabled |
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Many electricians will remove exposed wires to prevent reactivation | Modern wiring should replace all knob & tube |
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Warning signs should encourage the use of certified electrician for repairs | Some jurisdictions require warning signs in Spanish as well |
Tools:
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Materials:
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NEC guidelines and local jurisdictions often closely prescribe the treatment of knob & tube wiring. Check your local codes.
Desired Outcome:
Combustible materials kept away from combustion sources
Specification(s):
Holes, penetrations, and bypasses will be sealed
Dams will be fixed in places that maintain required clearance
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Ensure insulation dams maintain clearance
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Before | After |
Gaps and penetrations in attic need to be sealed to maintain air barrier | Chimneys, flues, and light fixtures should be dammed to prevent fire |
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Gaps around flues and penetrations need to be sealed before insulating | High temperature caulk should be used for flues and chimneys |
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26-gauge steel should be used to construct seals and dams on flues | Only construct dam after sealing has been completed properly |
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Dammed chimneys, flues and light fixtures prevent fires |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Combustible materials kept away from combustion sources
Specification(s):
A rigid dam having a height to ensure a 3 inch clearance area free of insulation or combustibles between combustion flue vent and dam, unless the flue vent is listed for a lesser clearance
Objective(s):
Ensure dam material does not bend, move, or sag
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
To prevent fire hazards, flues, chimneys, and light fixtures require dams | Observe a 6 inch minimum clearance for dams around flues and chimneys |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Combustible materials kept away from combustion sources
Specification(s):
Insulation will not be allowed between a heat-generating appliance and a dam unless material is rated for contact with heat generating sources
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Dams around flues, chimneys, and light fixtures should hold back insulation | Clear dams of any loose insulation in order to minimize risk of fire |
Desired Outcome:
Combustible materials kept away from combustion sources
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupant
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
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Best Practice |
Provide occupant with documentation of and about insulation installed |
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
Desired Outcome:
Attic ventilation meets code requirements and insulation is protected from wind washing
Specification(s):
If soffit venting or eave venting is present, baffles will be mechanically fastened to block wind entry into insulation or to prevent insulation from blowing back into the attic
If soffit venting or eave venting is present, baffles will be installed to maintain clearance between the roof deck and baffle in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Installation will allow for the highest possible R-value above the top plate of the exterior wall
Objective(s):
Ensure insulation R-value is not reduced
Maintain attic ventilation
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Before | After |
Insulation should not block vented eaves | Baffles installed in vented attics to allow air flow past insulation |
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Allow a standard two inch gap for air flow through eave | Baffles should be securely fastened to prevent movement over time |
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Once baffles are properly installed, insulation can be placed against them | Baffles also hold insulation from falling into eaves |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Proper material density achieved safely and cleanly
Specification(s):
Lead Safety procedures will be followed
Cavities will be free of hazards, intact, and able to support dense pack pressures
All escape openings will be blocked for material
Access will be gained and each cavity will be probed, locating all attic floor joists and blockers
Interior will be masked and dust controlled during drilling when accessing from interior, shrouds and containment devices are recommended
Electricity supply will be confirmed and will support blowing machine power demand
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, agitator running, and gate closed
Hose outlet pressure will be at least 80" of water column (IWC) or 2.9 pounds per square inch (psi) for cellulose insulation; for other types of dense pack insulation, check manufacturer specifications for blowing machine set up
Objective(s):
Prevent damage to house
Provide thorough access to allow 100% coverage
Use proper equipment and process to achieve consistent density, prevent settling, and retard air flow through cavities
Desired Outcome:
Backstop provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas
Specification(s):
Underside of roof deck will be prepared by sealing penetrations
Roof deck will be free of contaminants to ensure adhesion of foam
Objective(s):
Ensure proper bonding of SPF to substrate surfaces
Desired Outcome:
Backstop provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas
Specification(s):
Dams will be fastened to underside of roof deck and outside edge of exterior wall top plate to prevent SPF insulation from entering soffit area
Installation will allow for the highest possible R-value above the top plate of the exterior wall
Objective(s):
Ensure insulation R-value is not reduced
Minimize waste of SPF
Ensure continuous insulation and air seal of exterior wall top plate and roof deck
Desired Outcome:
Backstop provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas
Specification(s):
All gable vents, ridge vents, and roof vents will be covered with suitable backstop material to provide substrate for SPF application
Objective(s):
Remove ventilation points when converting from vented to unvented attic
Desired Outcome:
Backstop provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas
Specification(s):
All existing attic floor insulation and vapor retarder will be removed
Objective(s):
Ensure the new conditioned space is coupled with the house
Desired Outcome:
Backstop or substrate provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas while ensuring required attic ventilation is provided
Specification(s):
All surfaces where SPF is applied will be clean, dry, and free of contamination and degradation Substrate surfaces will be wiped, blown, or vacuumed to be free of excessive dust and dirt
Grease and oil will be removed using appropriate cleaners or solvents
Moisture content of all wood substrate materials will be checked to ensure it is below 20%
Objective(s):
Ensure proper bonding of SPF to substrate surfaces
Desired Outcome:
Backstop or substrate provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas while ensuring required attic ventilation is provided
Specification(s):
Vent chutes will be installed between all rafters or trusses to ensure a continuous ventilation path between the eave or soffit area and the ridge or roof vent
Vent chutes will penetrate dams as needed
Objective(s):
Allow ventilation of underside of roof deck sheathing while creating an unvented, conditioned attic space
Desired Outcome:
Backstop or substrate provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas while ensuring required attic ventilation is provided
Specification(s):
Dams will be fastened to underside of roof deck and outside edge of exterior wall top plate to prevent SPF insulation from entering soffit area
Installation will allow for the highest possible R-value above the top plate of the exterior wall
Objective(s):
Ensure insulation R-value is not reduced
Minimize waste of SPF
Provide a ventilation path from eave or soffit to ridge vent when a vented roof deck is required
Ensure continuous insulation and air seal of top plate and roof deck
Desired Outcome:
Backstop or substrate provided to prevent SPF from entering soffit areas while ensuring required attic ventilation is provided
Specification(s):
All existing attic floor insulation and vapor retarder will be removed
Objective(s):
Ensure the new conditioned space is coupled with the house
Desired Outcome:
Reduce the rate of heat transfer through cathedral or vaulted ceiling
Specification(s):
Venting will be continuous, if applicable
Objective(s):
Ensure capacity to increase R-value while not altering ventilation
Desired Outcome:
Reduce the rate of heat transfer through cathedral or vaulted ceiling
Specification(s):
Existence of rated insulation contact can lights, which allow for insulation encapsulation, will be verified
Non-insulation contact rated can lights will not be insulated
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Reduce the rate of heat transfer through cathedral or vaulted ceiling
Specification(s):
When using cellulose, stabilized product is preferred when available
On roof pitches less than 6/12, loose fill cellulose can be used; on roof pitches greater than 6/12, install non-woven polypropylene netting (webbing) baffles of the same height as the insulation every 6' across slope to prevent the loose fill insulation from sliding downward, or dense pack cellulose above webbing stapled to the bottom (underside) of the rafters
Loose fill fiberglass will only be used on a slope less than or equal to a 6/12 pitch or the slope application approved by the manufacturer, whichever is less (dense packed fiberglass at slopes greater than 6/12 may be used)
Roof cavities will be insulated with loose fill according to manufacturer specifications without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Ensure appropriate material and application
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Reduce the rate of heat transfer through cathedral or vaulted ceiling
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat transfer through ceiling and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density:
The number of bags installed will be confirmed and will match the number required on the coverage chart
Insulation will be verified to prevent visible air movement at 50 pascals of pressure difference using chemical smoke, IR scans, or other approved verification method
Objective(s):
Ensure complete and consistent coverage throughout ceiling plane
Eliminate voids and settling
Minimize framing cavity air flows
Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat transfer through ceiling and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat flow through unvented roof
Specification(s):
Code compliant ventilation will be installed before insulation
Objective(s):
Reduce possibility of moisture issues
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Before | After |
Unvented flat roofs should have venting installed | Vents in the space below the roof help maintain proper air flow |
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Unvented flat roofs should have venting installed | Vents in the space below the roof help maintain proper air flow |
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Mushroom capped vents in the roof are equally important to air flow |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat flow through unvented roof
Specification(s):
Roof cavities will be blown with loose fill insulation (or roof cavities will be dense packed with insulation) without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | In Progress |
Vent reveals attic is insulated with old rug – not adequate. | Attic will be dense packed to R-value specified on Work Order. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat flow through unvented roof
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Best Practice |
Provide occupant with documentation of and about insulation installed |
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
When using netting or fabric, staples will be placed in accordance with manufacturer specifications, whichever is more stringent
Netting or fabric will meet local fire codes
Rigid materials will close the cavity
Objective(s):
Secure insulation
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Roof cavities will be dense packed with loose fill insulation in accordance with manufacturer density specifications
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupants
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Reduced heat transfer and air leakage through roof and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value in accordance with manufacturer specifications
SPF will be applied to desired thickness, using pass thickness maximum as indicated by manufacturer, onto roof sheathing between rafters or trusses
When desired, underside of rafters or trusses will be covered with SPF to provide layer of continuous insulation
Upper vent openings will be covered with SPF, including ridge, roof, and gable that are covered with a substrate
In colder climates (IECC Zones 5-8), SPF will be installed to a thickness of least Class II vapor retarder or have at least Class II vapor retarder coating or covering in direct contact with the underside of the SPF
Objective(s):
Ensure complete and consistent coverage throughout roof plane
Eliminate cracks, gaps, and voids
Improve structural integrity of roof deck (closed cell SPF only)
Ensure alignment of insulation and air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Reduced heat transfer and air leakage through roof and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Reduced heat transfer and air leakage through roof and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupant
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Reduced heat transfer and air leakage through roof and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed at the ceiling level to prescribed R-value in accordance with manufacturer specifications
SPF will be applied to desired thickness, using pass thickness maximum as indicated by manufacturer, onto roof sheathing between rafters or trusses
In colder climates (IECC Zones 5-8), SPF will be installed to a thickness of least Class II vapor retarder or have at least Class II vapor retarder coating or covering in direct contact with the underside of the SPF
Objective(s):
Ensure complete and consistent coverage throughout ceiling plane
Eliminate cracks, gaps, and voids
Ensure alignment of insulation and air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Reduced heat transfer and air leakage through roof and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Reduced heat transfer and air leakage through roof and closed attic sections as well as framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupant
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Meeting building code requirements for fire protection of spray polyurethane foam
Specification(s):
Meet or exceed local fire safety requirements for installation of SPF foam
Consult local codes to ensure installation complies with fire safety requirements
If local code requirements are unclear, consult local code officials for clarification
Objective(s):
Ensure SPF installed in attic meets fire safety requirements
Desired Outcome:
Meeting building code requirements for fire protection of spray polyurethane foam
Specification(s):
If attic is to be used for service of utilities, foam will be separated from the attic space using a suitable ignition barrier covering or coating
Check manufacturer specifications and/or local codes for appropriate ignition barrier coatings/materials
Objective(s):
Protect SPF insulation in the attic to minimize possibility of ignition or combustion
Desired Outcome:
Meeting building code requirements for fire protection of spray polyurethane foam
Specification(s):
If attic is to be used for storage or occupancy, spray foam will be separated from attic space using thermal barrier material (e.g., ½" gypsum wall board)
Consult manufacturer specifications and local codes for approved ignition/thermal barrier, materials, or coatings
Objective(s):
Protect SPF insulation in the attic to minimize possibility of ignition or combustion
Desired Outcome:
Meeting building code requirements for fire protection of spray polyurethane foam
Specification(s):
Documentation of ignition or thermal barrier material installation and limitations on attic use, if any, will be provided
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Airtight cavity and insulated knee wall
Specification(s):
All knee walls will have top and bottom plate or blockers installed using rigid materials
When knee wall floor and walls are being insulated, the floor joist running under the knee wall will be air sealed
If fabric is used before dense packing, it will be secured, according to manufacturers specifications or with furring strips every wall stud
If rigid material is used, material will be installed to cover 100% of the surface of the accessible knee wall area
If foam sheathing is used, sheathing will be listed for uncovered use in an attic or covered with a fire barrier
Objective(s):
Eliminate bending, sagging, or movement that may result in air leakage
Prevent air leakage through the top or bottom of the knee wall
Ensure material will not tear under stress from wind loads or insulation
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Before | After |
Knee walls often need sealing and insulation | Knee wall is prepped for dense pack insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Knee walls missing top plates need one created from rigid material | Top plate holds dense pack insulation in cavity |
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3 | 4 |
New top plate should be sealed to surrounding joists and studs | Bottom plates also need to be installed. Measure for size |
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5 | 6 |
Cut to size and attempt to install in line with air barrier above | Seal to surrounding joist |
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7 | 8 |
If using house-wrap or fabric, tack in place with furring strips or staples | Drywall is also a good barrier for dense packing knee walls |
Desired Outcome:
Airtight cavity and insulated knee wall
Specification(s):
All existing batted insulation will be adjusted to ensure it is in full contact with the interior cladding and the top and bottom plates
Insulation that is blown behind fabric or air barrier material will be blown dense to a minimum specification of 3.5 pounds per cubic foot for cellulose
Follow manufacturer's requirements for fiberglass dense pack applications
Objective(s):
Eliminate misalignment of existing insulation
Prevent insulation from settling or moving
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Before | After |
Existing batt insulation should be adjusted to fit properly | If properly dense packed, insulation should hold in place when finished |
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1 | 2 |
Attach furring strips to create pockets for dense pack insulation | Insulation should meet manufacturer specifications for density. |
Desired Outcome:
Airtight cavity and properly insulated knee wall
Specification(s):
All knee walls will have a top and bottom plate or blockers installed using a rigid material
All joints, cracks, and penetrations will be sealed in finished material, including interior surface to framing connections
When knee wall floor and walls are being insulated, the floor joist running under the knee wall will be air sealed
Objective(s):
Eliminate bending, sagging, or movement that may result in air leakage
Prevent air leakage through the top or bottom of the knee wall
Create an air barrier
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Before | After |
Top plate is missing from knee wall | New top plate is sealed to adjacent framing |
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1 | 2 |
Top plate has been cut and fit to size | Top plate has been sealed to adjacent framing |
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3 | 4 |
Bottom plate is also missing. Space is measured so code approved rigid board material can be cut | Bottom plate is cut to size |
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5 | 6 |
Bottom plate is placed in line with interior air barrier | Bottom plate is also sealed to surrounding joist and framing |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Airtight cavity and properly insulated knee wall
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed using one of the following methods:
Objective(s):
Eliminate misalignment of existing insulation
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Before | After |
Knee wall with batts improperly installed and missing from stud bays | Properly fit insulation filling full volume of stud bay |
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1 | 2 |
Where existing insulation is improperly installed, fix it | Kraft-face should go to "warm in winter" side and batt should fill bay |
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3 |
Batts should fill entire volume of knee wall stud bays |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Airtight cavity and properly insulated knee wall
Specification(s):
If rigid material is used, material will be installed to cover 100% of the surface of the knee wall
If foam sheathing is used, sheathing will be listed for uncovered use in attic, or covered with a fire barrier
Objective(s):
Prevent insulation from settling or moving
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Before | After |
Knee walls with batt insulation require covering | Foam sheathing? Needs to be covered with a fire barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Fiberglass batts in attic knee walls can be held in place by house wrap | If foam sheathing is used, it needs to be covered with a fire barrier |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Holes and penetrations will be sealed
Bypasses will be blocked and sealed
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in full contact with all sides of existing cavity without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Strapping material will have a minimum expected service life of 20 years
Objective(s):
Maintain alignment
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupant
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Consistent uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Holes and penetrations will be sealed
Bypasses will be blocked and sealed
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Desired Outcome:
Consistent uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Gap between framing and existing air barrier will be insulated
Objective(s):
Create a flat insulated surface
Desired Outcome:
Consistent uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
A rigid insulated sheathing will be mechanically fastened to code required R-value
Seams will be sealed
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Airtight and insulated knee and gable end walls
Specification(s):
Knee walls will have a top and bottom plate or blockers installed using a rigid material
A suitable backstop material attached to the back of the knee wall will be used to support the application of SPF
If foam sheathing is used as a backstop, sheathing will be listed for uncovered use in an attic or covered with an ignition barrier, thermal barrier, or approved alternate assembly
Objective(s):
Provide a backstop or substrate for application of SPF
Desired Outcome:
Airtight and insulated knee and gable end walls
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Using SPF application, SPF will be applied to desired thickness onto substrate material from top to bottom plate between studs using pass thickness maximum in accordance with manufacturer specifications
In colder climates (IECC Zones 5-8), the SPF will be installed to a thickness of at least Class II vapor retarder or have at least Class II vapor retarder coating or covering in direct contact with the interior of the SPF
Objective(s):
Eliminate cracks, gaps, and voids
Minimize framing cavity air flows
Minimize moisture migration and unwanted condensation in insulation (vapor retarders)
Ensure alignment of insulation and air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Airtight and insulated knee and gable end walls
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Subfloor or drywall will be removed to access cavities as necessary, including inaccessible knee wall attic floor spaces
All electrical junctions will be flagged to be seen above the level of the insulation
Open electrical junction boxes will have covers installed
Objective(s):
Access the workspace
Provide location of electrical junctions for future servicing
Prevent an electrical hazard
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Before | After |
Remove flooring in attic spaces to access floor cavities and insulate | Flag electrical junctions to make future maintenance and repairs easier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Pry up flooring to access floor cavities | Check cavity for electrical junctions and penetrations |
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3 | 4 |
If electrical junctions are found, they should be enclosed and flagged | Air seal any penetrations |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Batt insulation will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
Insulation will be installed to the prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Accessible attic floors should be air sealed and insulated | Insulate floor cavities to prescribe R-value from the work order |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Insert fiberglass batts into floor cavities, kraft-face down | Fill entire volume of floor cavity |
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3 |
Once insulated, flooring should be reinstalled |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Subfloor or drywall will be removed to access cavities as necessary, including inaccessible knee wall attic floor spaces
Insulation will be adequately marked for depth a minimum of every 300 square feet of attic area, with measurement beginning at the air barrier
All electrical boxes will be flagged to be seen above the level of the insulation
Open electrical junctions will have covers installed
Insulation dams and enclosures will be installed as required
Objective(s):
Access the workspace
Verify uniformity of insulation material
Provide location of electrical boxes for future servicing
Prevent an electrical hazard
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Before | After |
Accessible attic floors should be air sealed and insulated | Depth markers and insulation dams aid in proper insulation of attic spaces |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Check cavity for electrical junctions and penetrations | Flag and install covers on electrical junctions |
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Seal any penetrations | Non-IC (insulation contact) can lights should be covered with a dam and have no insulation on top |
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Install depth markers and insulation dams above height of insulation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Existence of air barrier material in line with the knee walls will be installed or verified when dense packing
Air barrier material will not bend, sag, or move once dense packed
Objective(s):
Hold dense pack in place
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Before | After |
When missing, bottom plates must be installed under knee walls | New bottom plates complete air barrier and hold insulation in place |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Measure floor cavity for new bottom plate | Cut code approved rigid board material to size to snugly fit into cavity |
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Align block with air barrier of conditioned space | Air seal around new bottom plate with spray foam |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
All insulation will be installed to the minimum unsettled depth and the maximum coverage per bag to reach a consistent depth for desired R-value indicated on the manufacturer's coverage chart
Objective(s):
Reduce heating and air conditioning costs
Improve comfort
Minimize noise
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Before | After |
Accessible attic floor should be air sealed and insulated | Check chart on package to ensure proper insulation depth to achieve R-value |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Use depth markers to ensure insulation has reached prescribed R-value | Where flooring cannot be removed, verify insulation is meeting R-value goal |
Desired Outcome:
A consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Information on insulation installed should be posted nearby | Posted info includes insulation type, R-value, depth, coverage area, etc. |
Desired Outcome:
A consistent, thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupants
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
Existing insulation will be in contact with the air barrier prior to installing additional insulation on top
Objective(s):
Ensure proper performance of insulation
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
If the top of the existing insulation is below the top of the framing, new batts will be installed parallel with framing members
If the top of the existing insulation is above the top of the framing, new batts will be installed perpendicular to framing members
Objective(s):
Ensure uniform depth of insulation in continuous contact with existing insulation
Eliminate voids and gaps
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
Batts will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind instrusions
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescibed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
Insulation will not be allowed on top of non-IC rated can light boxes or between a heat generating appliance and a dam, unless material is rated for contact with heat generating sources
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
Existing insulation will be in contact with the air barrier prior to installing additional insulation on top
Insulation will be adequately marked for depth a minimum of every 300 square feet of attic area, with measurement beginning at the air barrier
All electrical junction boxes will be flagged to be seen above the level of the insulation
Open electrical junction boxes will have covers installed
Insulation dams and enclosures will be installed as required
Objective(s):
Ensure proper performance of insulation
Verify uniformity of insulation material Provide location of electrical junctions for future servicing
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
The correct depth and number of bags will be blown in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
Insulation will not be allowed on top of non-IC rated can light boxes or between a heat-generating appliance and a dam, unless material is rated for contact with heat generating sources
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Insulation controls heat transfer through ceiling
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Written documentation of insulation type and efficiency will be provided | Information should include depth of loose fill installed and once settled |
Desired Outcome:
A consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Existence of air barrier material in line with the knee walls will be installed or verified when dense packing
Air barrier material will not bend, sag, or move once dense packed
Objective(s):
Hold dense pack in place
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Before | After |
This finished garage below a bonus room is an unconditioned space | Rigid material forms an air barrier located under the bonus room stem wall |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Snap chalk lines to keep access cuts clean and easy to repair | Cut through garage ceiling to access joist cavities below bonus room |
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The rigid block should be placed in line with the stem wall above | Measure joist cavity depth |
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Measure joist cavity width | Cut code approved rigid board material to measured size of joist cavity |
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Rigid block should fit snugly into joist cavity to prevent insulation leaks | Rigid block will hold the insulation in place under the bonus room above |
Desired Outcome:
A consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Each cavity will be 100% filled to consistent density:
The number of bags installed will be confirmed and will match the number required on the coverage chart
Insulation will be verified to prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids and settling
Minimize framing cavity air flows
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Before | After |
With rigid block in place under bonus room stem wall, insulation can begin | Chemical smoke at 50pa indicates insulation is at appropriate density |
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1 | 2 |
Blow insulation into cavities to density appropriate for chosen material | Close cavities with access panel cut out at the beginning |
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3 | 4 |
Cut small test holes in cavities to verify specified density has been met | Set up blower door and depressurize bonus room to -50pa wrt outside |
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5 | 6 |
With blower door running, chemical smoke should not draw into test holes | Tape and spackle access panel and test holes to repair garage ceiling |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
A consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
Insulation will not be allowed on top of non-IC rated can light boxes or between a heat-generating appliance and a dam, unless material is rated for contact with heat generating sources
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Dams around flues, chimneys, and light fixtures should hold back insulation | Clear dams of any insulation or debris in order to minimize risk of fire |
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No insulation on top of non-insulation contact (non-IC) rated fixtures |
Desired Outcome:
A consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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After |
Documentation of insulation installed should be provided in writing |
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A copy of the posted documentation may be provided to the client | Information should include insulation type, R-value, coverage area, etc. |
Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat flow through floor and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Each cavity will be 100% filled to consistent density:
The number of bags installed will be confirmed and will match the number required on the coverage chart
Insulation will be verified to prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids and settling
Minimize framing cavity air flows
Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat flow through floor and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Insulation will not be allowed on top of non-IC rated can light boxes or between a heat generating appliance and a dam, unless material is rated for contact with heat generating sources
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat flow through floor and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Insulation reduces heat flow through floor and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupants
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary and air barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow and air leakage
Specification(s):
Subfloor or drywall will be removed to access cavities as necessary (e.g., beneath attic knee walls)
All electrical junctions will be flagged to be seen above the level of the insulation
Open electrical junction boxes will have covers installed
Objective(s):
Access the workspace
Provide location of electrical junctions for future servicing
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary and air barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow and air leakage
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
SPF will be applied to desired thickness onto attic floor to ceiling material below between attic floor joists using pass thickness maximum as indicated by manufacturer
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary and air barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow and air leakage
Specification(s):
Spray foam should never be installed over light fixtures regardless of if fixture is rated for IC or not. Nor between a heat-generating appliance and a dam, unless material is rated for contact with heat-generating sources
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary and air barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow and air leakage
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, thermal boundary and air barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space controls the heat flow and air leakage
Specification(s):
Documentation of material and R-value will be provided to occupant
Objective(s):
Provide occupant with documentation of installation
Desired Outcome:
Pull-down attic stair properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
Hatches will be insulated to the maximum R-value structurally allowable up to the R-value of the adjoining insulated assembly
Pull-down stair rough opening will be surrounded with a durable dam that is higher than the level of the attic floor insulation
Counter-weights should be considered to ease accessibility for excessively heavy hatches
Objective(s):
Achieve uniform R-value
Prevent loose insulation from entering the living area
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Before | After |
Insulation needs to be dammed to keep from falling through during operation | Insulated pull-down stairs cover installed to prevent air leakage |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 |
Stairs and hatch should both be insulated to match R-value of attic |
Desired Outcome:
Pull-down attic stair properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
Entire pull-down stair assembly will be covered with an airtight and removable/openable enclosure inside the attic space
Pull-down stair frame will be caulked, gasketed, weather-stripped, or otherwise sealed with an air barrier material, suitable film, or solid material that allows attic door operation
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
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Before | After |
Unsealed pull-down stairs leads to air leakage to and from the attic | To preserve thermal envelope, an airtight seal needs to be created |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Seal around frame of pull-down stairs with appropriate sealant | Weather-strip around stair panel to encourage a tight seal |
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Remember to seal finish details and trim | Insulation and sealing should be airtight but openable |
Desired Outcome:
Pull-down attic stair properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
Completed measure will meet a minimum expected service life of 20 years
Objective(s):
Ensure a minimum expected service life
Desired Outcome:
Pull-down attic stair properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Attic access door properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
Hatches will be insulated to the maximum R-value structurally allowable up to the R-value of the adjoining insulated assembly
Attic hatches rough opening will be surrounded with a durable protective baffle that is higher than the level of the surrounding attic floor insulation
Objective(s):
Achieve uniform R-value on the attic door or hatch
Achieve uniform R-value on the attic floor
Prevent loose attic floor insulation from entering the living area
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Before | After |
Uninsulated attic hatches and access panels weaken the thermal envelope | Hatch cover or panel access door should match R-value of attic insulation |
Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Create hatch cover that matches R-value of surrounding insulation | Build dam to hold back attic insulation and hold cover in place tightly |
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3 | 4 |
Weather-strip underside of hatch cover to create tight seal | Alternate installation for vertical access panel to attic |
Desired Outcome:
Attic access door properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
Access hatch frames will be sealed using caulk, gasket, weather-strip, or otherwise sealed with an air barrier material, suitable film, or solid material
Options will include installing a latch or lock or frictionally engaged components that do not require a latch
The measure must include a protective baffle or insulation barrier
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
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Before | After |
Unsealed attic hatches and panel doors allow air leakage to and from attic | Once sealed, air leakage at attic hatch or door should be minimized |
Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Remember to seal around finish details and framing on interior | Build insulation dam from 3/4 inch lumber and seal around base |
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3 |
Weather-strip around bottom edge of hatch cover to create air tight seal |
Desired Outcome:
Attic access door properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
Insulation will be permanently attached and in complete contact with the air barrier
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Unsealed and uninsulated attic hatches and access doors allow leakage | Rigid insulation on back of new hatch cover attached firmly and squarely to allow for air-tight fit |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Apply foam tape to "warm side" face of attic hatch | Ensure an air tight seal by making sure foam tape has no gaps |
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3 | 4 |
Apply strong adhesive to "cold-side" of hatch | Adhesive should ring perimeter as well as crisscrossing hatch to ensure complete attachment of insulation |
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5 | 6 |
Affix insulation board to "cold-side" of hatch with adhesive, ensuring insulation board is tight and square to hatch | Repeat adhesive and insulation board layers to reach maximum R-value without making hatch excessively heavy or awkward |
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7 |
All insulation board layers should be attached firmly to one another and square to hatch |
Desired Outcome:
Attic access door properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
Completed measure will meet a minimum expected service life of 20 years
Objective(s):
Ensure a minimum expected service life
Desired Outcome:
Attic access door properly sealed and insulated
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly.
Specification(s):
Sides of fan insulation box assembly will be insulated to the same R-value as adjoining insulated assembly
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly.
Specification(s):
Fan insulation box frame will be continuously weather-stripped to ensure a tight fit
Fan insulation box will be constructed at a depth to protect the fan housing and motor from insulation
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly.
Specification(s):
Non-compressible insulation will be permanently attached in contact with fan insulation box
Appropriate adhesive or mechanical fastener will be used
Objective(s):
Ensure continuous alignment with air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly.
Specification(s):
Material integrity will meet a minimum expected service life of 20 years
Objective(s):
Ensure a minimum expected service life
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly.
Specification(s):
Purpose of insulation will be communicated to occupant
Objective(s):
Educate occupant on how to use the whole-house fan to ensure integrity of the fan insulated assembly throughout service life
Desired Outcome:
Properly restored vents minimize moisture and ice dams
Specification(s):
Attic ventilation will be recommended or installed if local code requires attic ventilation during weatherization or retrofits
The presence of an effective air barrier and thermal boundary between the attic and the living space must be verified and appropriate attic sealing and proper insulation is specified as part of the scope of work
Objective(s):
Ensure presence of continuous air barrier and thermal boundary
Desired Outcome:
Properly restored vents minimize moisture and ice dams
Specification(s):
Attic vent types will be made of corrosion-resistant material for their specific location (e.g., exterior soffit, gable end, roof ) and material and intended use (e.g., metal vent on metal roof )
Attic-powered ventilators will not be used
Objective(s):
Ensure vent meets proper performance characteristics for location and roofing type
Desired Outcome:
Properly restored vents minimize moisture and ice dams
Specification(s):
Placement of attic vents will be considered for proper air flow and prevention of entry of wind driven rain or snow
Objective(s):
Encourage proper air flow
Minimize entry of wind driven rain or snow
Desired Outcome:
Properly restored vents minimize moisture and ice dams
Specification(s):
Baffling for attic soffit vents will be installed to:
Objective(s):
Ensure vent allows proper air flow without compromising insulation performance
Desired Outcome:
Properly restored vents minimize moisture and ice dams
Specification(s):
All attic ventilation will have screens with non-corroding wire mesh with openings of 1/16" to 1/4" to prevent pest entry (e.g., birds, bats, bees)
Existing vents that are not screened will be covered with non-corroding wire mesh with openings of 1/16" to 1/4"
Ensure net free area requirements are met
Additional vents or larger vents can be added if screen size is smaller than designated
Objective(s):
Prevent pest entry
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Holes and penetrations will be sealed
Bypasses will be blocked and sealed
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications and will be in full contact with all sides of existing cavity without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Walls properly prepared to receive dense pack insulation
Specification(s):
Lead and asbestos Safety procedures will be followed
Cavities will be free of hazards, intact, and able to support dense pack pressures
Drilling hazards (e.g., wiring, venting, fuel piping) will be located
Blocking will be installed around:
Access to exterior wall cavities will be gained, sheathing will be drilled as needed and probed to locate each cavity, wall studs, and blockers
Interior will be masked and dust controlled during drilling when accessing from interior
Electricity supply will be confirmed and will support blowing machine power demand
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, agitator running, and gate closed
Hose outlet pressure will be at least 80 IWC or 2.9 psi for cellulose insulation; for other types of dense pack insulation, check manufacturer specification for blowing machine set up
Objective(s):
Prevent damage to house
Provide a clean work space
Provide thorough access to allow 100% coverage
Ensure proper equipment and process results in consistent density
Prevent settling and retard air flow through cavities
Protect worker and occupant health
Desired Outcome:
Walls properly prepared to receive dense pack insulation
Specification(s):
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density:
The number of bags installed will be confirmed and will match the number required on the coverage chart
Insulation density will be verified by bag count, core sampling, or infrared camera with the blower door at 50 pascals to prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids and settling
Minimize framing cavity air flows
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Holes and penetrations will be sealed
Bypasses will be blocked and sealed
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
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Before | After |
Penetrations and bypasses create places where blown in insulation can leak | Sealed penetrations offer leakage protection and keep insulation in place |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Open walls to be insulated and drywalled need air sealing | Penetrations and bypasses should be sealed to keep insulation in cavities |
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3 | 4 |
Use backer rod or other infill for larger penetrations | Seal penetration with caulk or fire-block, as appropriate |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Open walls should be insulated | Well-insulated rooms are significantly more comfortable in all seasons |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Wall should be netted and insulation blow in to prescribed R-value | Or: Wall can be insulated using batts installed without gaps |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
Verification of complete installation without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions will be provided
Objective(s):
Install insulation correctly
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Before | After |
Verify insulation is properly installed before dry walling | Once proper installation is verified, begin dry walling to finish wall |
Tools:
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Take a visual and physical inspection of insulation installation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between the conditioned space and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Exterior walls are insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
Interior cladding or interior finish material will be removed on areas to be insulated
SPF will be applied to desired thickness, using pass thickness maximum as indicated by manufacturer
SPF will be applied onto exterior sheathing or interior finish materials between studs and top/bottom plates
Objective(s):
Insulate and seal exterior walls
Desired Outcome:
Exterior walls are insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
If vapor retarder is needed, it will be applied in proper location
In colder climates (IECC Zones 5-8), the SPF used will be installed to a thickness of at least Class II vapor retarder or have at least Class II vapor retarder coating or covering in direct contact with the inside surface of the SPF
Objective(s):
Minimize water vapor condensation in walls
Desired Outcome:
Exterior walls are insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
SPF will be separated from the occupied interior spaces of the building with a thermal barrier (typically ½" or thicker gypsum wallboard or approved alternate assembly)
Check local codes for fire protection requirements
See Sections 2.0809 Electrical and 4.1001 General Practice
Objective(s):
Provide necessary fire protection for combustible SPF insulation
Desired Outcome:
Exterior walls are insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density:
Insulation will be verified to prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids and settling
Minimize framing cavity air flows
Testing:
Core sampling will be completed on a minimum of 5% of all frame homes billed each month in which insulation is installed in an enclosed cavity.
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Properly installed insulation reduces heat flow through walls and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Details remaining in or between completed wall sections will be located and accessed
Objective(s):
Ensure the last gaps and framing edges in the thermal boundary, roof-wall joints, floor-wall joints, etc., are found and finished
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In Progress | |
Cavities missing insulation allow greater heat transfer than insulated ones | Either from inside or outside, using Ir camera to locate cavities for fill |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Properly installed insulation reduces heat flow through walls and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Backing will be provided and all newly uncovered openings will be sealed with air barriers, foam, or mastic, maintaining all required clearances
Objective(s):
Ensure the air barrier is connected across all accessible house elements
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Before | After |
Unsealed penetrations should be sealed to ensure insulation stays in place | Once air barrier has been preserved by sealing, insulation can begin |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Properly installed insulation reduces heat flow through walls and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density:
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids and settling
Minimize framing cavity air flows
Desired Outcome:
Properly installed insulation reduces heat flow through walls and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Completed wall sections will be viewed using infrared camera with blower door operating
Any voids or low density areas will be drilled and re-packed
Insulation will be verified to prevent visible air movement using chemical smoke at 50 pascals of pressure difference
Objective(s):
Establish air barrier and thermal boundary
Confirm no voids or hidden air flows remain
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Before | After |
Uninsulated exterior wall cavities to be insulated | Reduced temperature difference indicating insulated wall cavities |
Tools:
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Depressurize house (if safe) to -50pa wrt outside | Inspect for voids and low density areas |
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Reduced temperature difference indicating insulated wall cavities |
Desired Outcome:
Properly installed insulation reduces heat flow through walls and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
Installation holes will be plugged as follows:
All construction debris and dust will be collected and removed
Objective(s):
Ensure house is returned to watertight and clean condition
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In Progress | After |
With insulation complete, wall needs to be patched to betteR-than-found | When repair is finished, it shouldn't be obvious any work was done |
Tools:
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Materials:
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For interior access, locate access holes at studs for easier patching | Once drywall patches are spackled, prime and paint. |
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For exterior access, use a drop cloth or gutter to help with clean up | Plug holes with rigid material that will not move or sag over time |
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For stucco and plaster patches, lath will need to be used to hold weight | If possible, maintain house wrap, or replace it after holes are plugged |
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Put siding back in place, or return exterior finish to match remaining wall |
Desired Outcome:
Properly installed insulation reduces heat flow through walls and framing cavities inaccessible to other treatments
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Sealing the floor system will be completed before insulating
Objective(s):
Ensure airtight envelope
Prevent leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around penetrations can cause air leakage and negate insulation | Sealed penetrations maintain the air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Locate gaps around penetrations for plumbing, electrical, etc. | Fill gaps greater than 1/4 inch with backer rod or spray foam |
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Caulk smaller gaps and to hold backer rod in place |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in contact with subfloor without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
If kraft-faced batts are used, they will be installed with kraft facing to subfloor
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Uninsulated floors above unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Batts should fill most of joist bay and be in full contact with subfloor |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Order and install insulation as called for in Work Order | If precise R-value cannot be purchased, choose option with greater R-value |
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Install kraft-faced batts with paper against subfloor | Ensure batts are in full contact with subfloor and remain uncompressed |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Batts will be secured with physical fasteners
Objective(s):
Ensure insulation remains in contact with subfloor
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Before | After |
Fiberglass batts should not be hanging away from subfloor | "Lightning rods" or twine can be used to hold batts in contact |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Batt should be in contact with subfloor without being compressed | Twine fastened across bays in a zig-zag pattern can also be used |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Sealing the floor system will be completed before insulating
Objective(s):
Ensure airtight envelope
Prevent leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around penetrations can cause air leakage and negate insulation | Sealed penetrations maintain the air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
When using netting or fabric, staples will be placed according to manufacturer specifications
Netting or fabric will meet local fire codes
Objective(s):
Secure insulation
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Bad Practice | In Progress |
Uninsulated floors above unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Netting is secured to joists and sills to create cavities for insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Secure netting across each joist to create separate cavities | Secure netting across sills to prevent leakage of insulation |
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3 | 4 |
Keep netting taut while stapling to prevent wrinkles and leakage | Staples should be kept tightly together, placed no more than 1 1/2" apart |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Insulation in netted or fabric cavities will be dense packed with loose fill insulation in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value Insulation will be in continuous contact with air barrier
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Ensure a continuous thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space
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In Progress | After |
With netting in place, insulation can begin | Cavities filled to manufacturer specs to achieve prescribed R-value |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Order and install insulation based on specifications in work order | Always wear proper PPE when blowing in insulation |
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3 | 4 |
Cut holes in each individual cavity to insert insulation machine nozzle | Ensure that hole is large enough for nozzle without allowing for outflow |
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5 | 6 |
Consult manufacturer specs on insulation packaging for proper installation | Blow in insulation to prescribed R-value |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Sealing the floor system will be completed before insulating
Objective(s):
Ensure airtight envelope
Prevent leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around penetrations cause air leakage and negate insulation | Sealed penetrations maintain the air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A rigid air barrier will be mechanically fastened to underside of floor assembly, providing 100% coverage of the floor assembly
Seams and penetrations will be sealed
Objective(s):
Relocate air barrier
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Before | After |
Uninsulated floors over unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Rigid barriers provide air sealing and create cavities for insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Attach barrier to joists using appropriate fasteners for chosen material | When possible, align seams with joist. Seal all seams with caulk |
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3 | 4 |
Pay particular attention to sealing at complex joints to prevent leakage | Remember to seal along sills as well |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Loose fill insulation will be installed between air barrier and subfloor according to manufacturer specifications
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Once rigid barrier is sealed, insulation can be blown in |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Make sure to wear proper PPE when working with insulation | Purchase and install loose fill to R-value specified on Work Order |
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3 | 4 |
Check manufacturer specifications for proper density to reach R-value | Drill hole slightly larger than hose in rigid barrier |
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5 | 6 |
Loose fill cavities created by rigid barrier | Once filled to prescribed density, prepare plug to preserve rigid barrier |
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7 |
Plug should be sealed in place to prevent leakage |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Sealing the floor system will be completed before insulating
Objective(s):
Ensure airtight envelope
Prevent leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around penetrations can cause air leakage and negate insulation | Sealed penetrations maintain the air barrier |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A rigid air barrier will be mechanically fastened to underside of floor assembly, providing 100% coverage of the floor assembly
Seams and penetrations will be sealed
Objective(s):
Relocate air barrier
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Before | After |
Uninsulated floors over unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Rigid barriers allow for air sealing and create cavities for insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Securely fasten rigid barrier, aligning seams with joist when possible | Seal all seams with caulk to prevent leakage |
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3 | 4 |
Pay particular attention at complex joints | Remember to caulk along sills |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Dense pack insulation will be installed between air barrier and subfloor according to manufacturer specifications
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Once rigid barrier is sealed, insulation can be blown in | Rigid barrier should be resealed to maintain air barrier after filling |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Ensure that proper PPE is worn while working with insulation | Fill cavities to specified R-value from Work Order |
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3 | 4 |
Check manufacturer specifications for R-value before filling | Drill hole slightly larger than nozzle into rigid barrier with hole saw |
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5 | 6 |
Dense pack insulation into floor cavities | When filled to specified density and R-value, fill access hole |
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7 |
Plug access hole and seal to maintain air barrier |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Air barrier will be installed between joists and sealed
Air barrier will be placed to the most interior edge of the top plate of the wall below
Objective(s):
Separate cantilevered floor from conditioned floor space
Allow for insulation
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Air barrier will be insulated between joist from top plate of the wall below to subfloor above
Cantilevered subfloor will be insulated in complete contact with the floor without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
If kraft-faced batts are used, they will be installed with kraft facing to the air barrier
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Batts will be secured with physical fasteners
Objective(s):
Ensure insulation remains in contact with subfloor and air barrier
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Before | After |
Insulation should be secured to prevent drooping or movement | "Lightning rods" or twine should keep full contact with the subfloor |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Batts should have full contact with subfloor without being compressed | Twine fastened across bays in a zig-zag pattern can also be used |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Exterior soffit material will be installed and sealed
Objective(s):
Cover and protect insulation
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Sealing between house and crawl space will be completed before insulating
Objective(s):
Ensure airtight envelope
Prevent leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around penetrations can cause air leakage and negate insulation | Sealed penetrations maintain the air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in contact with subfloor without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
If kraft-faced batts are used, they will be installed with kraft facing to subfloor
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Uninsulated floors above unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Batts should fill most of joist bay and be in full contact with subfloor |
Tools:
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Materials:
|
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Order and install insulation as called for in Work Order | If precise R-value cannot be purchased, choose option with greater R-value |
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Install kraft-faced batts with paper against subfloor | Ensure batts are in full contact with subfloor and remain uncompressed |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Batts will be secured with physical fasteners
Objective(s):
Ensure insulation remains in contact with subfloor
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Before | After |
Batts should not hang away from subfloor | "Lightning rods" or twine should be used to maintain contact |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Batts should be in full contact with subfloor without being compressed | Twine fastened across bays in a zig-zag pattern can also be used |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A rigid air barrier will be mechanically fastened to underside of floor assembly
Seams and penetrations will be sealed
Objective(s):
Protect insulation
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Before | After |
Unfaced fiberglass batts can be attractive housing for pests | Rigid barrier allows for air sealing and protects batt insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Fasten rigid barrier, aligning seams with joists when possible | Seal all seams with caulk to prevent leakage |
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3 | 4 |
Pay particular attention to complex joints | Remember to seal along sills |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Sealing between house and crawl space will be completed before insulating
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around penetrations can cause air leakage and negate insulation | Sealed penetrations maintain the air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Locate gaps around penetrations for plumbing, electrical, etc. | Fill gaps greater than 1/4 inch with backer rod or spray foam |
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Caulk smaller gaps and to hold backer rod in place |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A rigid air barrier will be mechanically fastened to underside of floor assembly, providing 100% coverage of the floor assembly
Seams and penetrations will be sealed
Objective(s):
Relocate air barrier
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Before | After |
Uninsulated floors over unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Rigid barriers allow for air sealing while creating cavities for insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Fasten rigid barrier, aligning seams with joists when possible | Seal all seams to prevent leakage |
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3 | 4 |
Pay particular attention to complex joints | Remember to caulk along sills |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Loose fill insulation will be installed between air barrier and subfloor according to manufacturer specifications
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Once rigid barrier has been sealed, insulation can be blown in | After insulating, restore rigid barrier to prevent leakage |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Always wear proper PPE when working with insulation | Purchase and install insulation to R-value specified on Work Order |
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3 | 4 |
Check manufacturer specs to ensure proper installation and density | Drill hole in rigid barrier slightly larger than insulation hose |
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5 | 6 |
Fill cavities formed by rigid barrier with loose fill insulation | Once cavities have been filled to specified R-value, prepare plug |
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7 |
Seal rigid barrier to prevent leakage |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Sealing between house and crawl space will be completed before insulating
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around penetrations can cause air leakage and negate insulation | Sealed penetrations maintain the air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
|
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Locate gaps around penetrations for plumbing, electrical, etc. | Fill gaps greater than 1/4 inch with backer rod or spray foam |
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Caulk smaller gaps and to hold backer rod in place |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A rigid air barrier will be mechanically fastened to underside of floor assembly, providing 100% coverage of the floor assembly
Seams and penetrations will be sealed
Objective(s):
Relocate air barrier
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Before | After |
Uninsulated floors over unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Rigid barriers allow for air sealing while creating cavities for insulation |
Tools:
|
Materials:
|
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1 | 2 |
Fasten rigid barrier, aligning seams with joists when possible | Seal all seams with caulk to prevent leakage |
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3 | 4 |
Pay particular attention to complex seams | Remember to seal along sills |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
Dense pack insulation will be installed between air barrier and subfloor according to manufacturer specifications
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
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Before | After |
Once rigid barrier has been sealed, insulation can be blown in | Rigid barrier should be sealed after insulating to maintain air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Make sure to wear proper PPE when working with insulation | Purchase and install insulation as per Work Order |
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3 | 4 |
Check manufacturer specifications to install properly | Drill hole in rigid barrier slightly larger than insulation hose |
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5 | 6 |
Blown in insulation to density and R-value specified by work order | Once cavity is filled, prepare plug to reseal rigid barrier |
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7 |
Securely seal plug into rigid barrier to prevent leakage |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space to prescribed R-value of an adjoining insulated assembly
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support | Documentation should include insulation material and R-value |
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Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
Desired Outcome:
Floors over unconditioned spaces (e.g., basements, garages) insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
All floor areas will be open and accessible for SPF application
Cracks, gaps, and holes will be covered or sealed per manufacturer guidelines with appropriate material
Insulation dams or end blockers will be installed where needed
All surfaces where SPF is applied will be clean, dry, and free of contamination and degradation Substrate surfaces will be wiped, blown, or vacuumed to be free of excessive dust and dirt
Grease and oil will be removed using appropriate cleaners or solvents
Moisture content of all wood substrate materials will be checked to ensure it is below 20%
Objective(s):
Prepare all substrate surfaces for the application of SPF
Desired Outcome:
Floors over unconditioned spaces (e.g., basements, garages) insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value according to manufacturer specifications
SPF will be applied to desired thickness, using pass thickness maximum as indicated by manufacturer, onto subfloor between floor joists and all rim/band joists
When desired, underside of joists will be covered with SPF to provide layer of continuous insulation
Objective(s):
Insulate and seal floors
Desired Outcome:
Floors over unconditioned spaces (e.g., basements, garages) insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
SPF will be separated from the interior occupied space of the building with a 15-minute thermal barrier (typically ½" or thicker gypsum wallboard or approved ignition barrier coating)
Check local codes for fire protection Requirements
Objective(s):
Provide necessary fire protection for combustible SPF insulation
Desired Outcome:
Floors over unconditioned spaces (e.g., basements, garages) insulated and sealed
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Insulate and seal all band/rim joist areas between subfloor and foundation or top plate of wall below
Specification(s):
All band/rim joist areas will be open and accessible for SPF application
All surfaces where SPF is applied will be clean, dry, and free of contamination and degradation
Substrate surfaces will be wiped, blown, or vacuumed to be free of excessive dust and dirt
Grease and oil will be removed using appropriate cleaners or solvents
Moisture content of all wood substrate materials will be checked to ensure it is below 20%
Objective(s):
Prepare all substrate surfaces for the application of SPF
Desired Outcome:
Insulate and seal all band/rim joist areas between subfloor and foundation or top plate of wall below
Specification(s):
SPF will be applied to desired thickness, using pass thickness maximum in accordance with manufacturer specifications, onto subfloor between floor joists and all rim/band joists
When applied to first floor, SPF will be continuous from subfloor surface, over band/rim joist and sill plate, and in contact with foundation below except as stipulated by classification 4.1402.1c
When applied to second story floor or above, SPF will be continuous from subfloor surface, over band/rim joist, and in contact with top plate below
Objective(s):
Insulate and seal floors
Desired Outcome:
Insulate and seal all band/rim joist areas between subfloor and foundation or top plate of wall below
Specification(s):
If SPF exceeds a thickness of 3", all SPF will be separated from the occupied interior space of the building with an approved thermal barrier material (typically ½" or thicker gypsum wallboard or an approved thermal barrier coating)
Application to rim/band joist up to 3" can be left exposed if the foam is Class I, unless the space is a habitable space and then cover it with drywall or another thermal barrier
Local codes will be confirmed and followed for fire protection Requirements
Objective(s):
Provide necessary fire protection for combustible SPF insulation
Desired Outcome:
Insulate and seal all band/rim joist areas between subfloor and foundation or top plate of wall below
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Closed crawl spaces insulated to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
The rim joist, sill plate and adjacent surfaces will be sufficiently clean and free of debris to allow for the proper adhesion of any caulks, adhesives or spray foam used during installation.
Objective(s):
Prepare all surfaces for the installation of insulation
Desired Outcome:
Closed crawl spaces insulated to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
A foam-based insulation will be installed so as to create a continuous thermal and pressure boundary or vinyl faced fiberglass batt insulation, installed tightly to the wood and sealed at all edges. If rigid insulation is used, all edges will be sealed and the insulation will be installed tightly to the wood to prevent the movement of moisture throughout the assembly. Insulation will be installed in accordance with local/national code requirements and/or manufacturer's instructions regarding flame spread
Objective(s):
Improve thermal performance
Prevent moisture condensation on the inside of the band joist
Desired Outcome:
Closed crawl spaces insulated to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Insulate closed crawl spaces to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
A fire-rated insulation (25 or less flame spread or Class I or Class A) will be used with a minimum life expectancy of 10 years
Objective(s):
Provide fire-safe durable insulation that will not exacerbate moisture issues in the crawl space
Desired Outcome:
Closed crawl spaces insulated to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
Regional International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) will be followed for required R-values
Objective(s):
Improve thermal performance
Desired Outcome:
Closed crawl spaces insulated to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
Where termite pressure exists, a 3 inch inspection gap will be maintained from the top of the insulation to the bottom of any wood
Desired Outcome:
Closed crawl spaces insulated to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
Insulation will be attached with a durable connection better than or equal to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent insulation from detaching from the foundation wall
Desired Outcome:
Closed crawl spaces insulated to achieve best thermal performance possible
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Basement insulation improves thermal performance and ensures sufficient drying potential
Specification(s):
Regional IECC will be followed for required R-values
Objective(s):
Improve thermal performance of the basement and living space
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Best Practice |
Find your regional zone and insulation application to determine R-value |
Desired Outcome:
Basement insulation improves thermal performance and ensures sufficient drying potential
Specification(s):
A continuous air barrier will be installed on the warm side of the insulation
Objective(s):
Prevent condensation on the basement wall
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Before | After |
Basement shows no sign of ground water penetration, but needs insulation | Insulation and drywall create an air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Rigid insulation board is a non-absorbent insulation option | The drywall still provides an air barrier to keep moisture build up on wall |
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OR Kraft-faced fiberglass batts can be used with paper toward living space | Both kraft-face and drywall create air barrier, but batts are absorbent |
Desired Outcome:
Basement insulation improves thermal performance and ensures sufficient drying potential
Specification(s):
When absorbent insulation materials are installed, assembly will remain vapor semi-impermeable to the interior in all climate zones except Zone 7
Objective(s):
Provide drying potential to the basement
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Before | After |
Kraft-faced fiberglass insulation is absorbent | Drywall typically has a perm rating of 50 - good for zones 1-6 |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Determine in which zone you are working before selecting work materials | Many light-weight drywall brands have higher perm ratings for humid zones |
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In zones 7 & 8, vapor permeability is undesirable. Use a vapor retarder |
Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
Duct insulation on all ducts located in unconditioned spaces will be a minimum of R-8, in accordance with local code, or buried under attic insulation, whichever is greater, and have an attached vapor retarder
Hot humid and warm coastal regions will not bury ducts
Objective(s):
Decrease heat loss and condensation problems
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Before | After |
Uninsulated ducts in unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Properly insulated ducts operate at much higher rates of efficiency |
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Ducts in unconditioned areas should have R-8 insulation with vapor barrier | Or ducts can be buried in loose fill in attic spaces in drier climates |
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Burying ducts is discouraged in warm coastal and hot humid regions |
Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
All joints, seams, and connections in ductwork shall be securely fastened and sealed with (adhesives) or mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions before insulation is applied
Objective(s):
Minimize duct leakage
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Before | After |
Unsealed joints and connections need to be sealed to prevent health risks | Sealed ductwork connections help prevent leakage |
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1 | 2 |
Prepare work area by assessing any safety concerns | Wrap joint with fiberglass mesh tape |
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3 |
Apply UL 181 mastic to seal joint |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
Duct insulation will be secured to the duct system using metal wire or rot-proof nylon twine
Pattern of the wire or twine will be sufficient to securely hold the duct insulation tight to the duct
Objective(s):
Ensure a secure connection between the duct system and the duct insulation
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Before | After |
Materials holding insulation in place should not compress or kink duct | Durable materials can be attached without compressing insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
Using a tape approved by the manufacturer, all seams and connection of the duct insulation will be taped
No gaps will exist between pieces of duct insulation
Objective(s):
Prevent gaps in the vapor barrier of the insulation
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Before | After |
Unsecured and sealed insulation around ducts is useless | All seams should be sealed with manufacturer approved tape to preserve vapor barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
To provide general Information on spray polyurethane foam
Specification(s):
Low-pressure SPF systems are two-component polyurethane foam products. They are typically delivered to the job site in pressurized canisters (~250 psi), dispensed through unheated hoses through a disposable mixing nozzle system, and applied as a froth-like material to substrate. This type of SPF product is typically used for large sealing and small-scale insulation products.
Objective(s):
To provide general Information on spray polyurethane foam
Desired Outcome:
To provide general Information on spray polyurethane foam
Specification(s):
High-pressure SPF systems are two-component polyurethane foam products. They are typically delivered to the job site in unpressurized drums or totes, and dispensed by a proportioner pump where heat and pressure are added. These chemicals travel through heated hoses to a spray gun where the material is aerosolized during application. This type of SPF product is typically used for larger insulation applications.
Once installed, there is essentially no difference in product performance between low- and high- pressure foams. It should be noted that the main differences between the delivery methods are in capital equipment investment, application rate, and PPE requirements.
Applicators should obtain training from the suppliers of SPF to help assure installation quality and use of all equipment as well as Safe handling, use, and disposal of all chemicals used in the process. Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA) also offers additional training and accreditation for high-pressure SPF applicators.
Objective(s):
To provide general Information on spray polyurethane foam
Desired Outcome:
To provide general Information on spray polyurethane foam
Specification(s):
In addition to the guidelines above, SPF applicators should follow all manufacturer installation instructions for the product being used. These instructions include product-specific documents, such as application instructions, MSDSs, and evaluation reports.
Objective(s):
To provide general Information on spray polyurethane foam
Desired Outcome:
Equipment sized properly and operates efficiently
Specification(s):
Load calculation will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ACCA 2 Manual J (Residential Load Calculation) and manufacturer specifications
As a NeWAP option, the NEAT/MHEA Recommended Measures report may also be used for equipment selection
Objective(s):
Properly size equipment for load
Replacement heating plants shall be competitively bid and properly sized using the post-weatherization characteristics of the home.
Replacement central air conditioners and heat pumps shall be competitively bid and properly sized using the post-weatherization characteristics of the home.
Desired Outcome:
Equipment sized properly and operates efficiently
Specification(s):
Equipment selection will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ACCA Manual S and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment is able to heat, cool, and dehumidify the house
Desired Outcome:
Equipment sized properly and operates efficiently
Specification(s):
New central forced air HVAC systems will have minimum MERV 6 filtration with no air bypass around the filters
Objective(s):
Particle removal to protect equipment and help maintain indoor air quality
Desired Outcome:
Efficient air flow to all rooms ensured by proper ductwork
Specification(s):
Duct design will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ACCA Manual D and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Maximize air flow
Desired Outcome:
Efficient air flow to all rooms ensured by proper ductwork
Specification(s):
Termination design will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ACCA Manual T and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Maximize air flow
Ensure occupant comfort
Desired Outcome:
Efficient air flow to all rooms ensured by proper ductwork
Specification(s):
New central forced air HVAC systems will have minimum MERV 6 filtration with no air bypass around the filters
Objective(s):
Particle removal to protect equipment and help maintain indoor air quality
Desired Outcome:
Existing equipment removed safely and lawfully
Specification(s):
A code compliant walkway and service platform will be installed in attics, if not present
Walkway and platform will be above the level of insulation (if practical)
Objective(s):
Ensure new equipment can be installed and serviced
Maintain adequate insulation level
Desired Outcome:
Existing equipment removed safely and lawfully
Specification(s):
Electricity and fuel will be turned off prior to starting removal of old appliance
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from injury
Desired Outcome:
Existing equipment removed safely and lawfully
Specification(s):
Refrigerant will be recovered in accordance with 40 CFR 608 (EPA) by a licensed contractor
Objective(s):
Comply with safe Handling of refrigerant Law
Protect workers and occupants from injury
Desired Outcome:
Existing equipment removed safely and lawfully
Specification(s):
Refrigerant lines, plumbing, ducts, electric, control wires, vents, and fuel supply will be disconnected
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment can be removed
Desired Outcome:
Existing equipment removed safely and lawfully
Specification(s):
Equipment will be removed (e.g., furnace, air handler, evaporator, condensing unit)
Equipment will be removed from space without damaging property and disturbing or compressing the insulation
Equipment will be disposed of in accordance with local laws and regulations, recycling materials when feasible
Objective(s):
Provide room to install new equipment and work safely
Comply with applicable disposal laws
Desired Outcome:
Data for commissioning and future service work is recorded
Specification(s):
Equipment will be visually inspected
Information will be recorded from the equipment data plates indoors and outdoors
Objective(s):
Ensure technician has equipment data necessary for commissioning and future service work
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In Progress |
In Progress |
Complete a visual inspection of all heating and cooling equipment | Record model information about heating and cooling equipment to ensure proper maintenance |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
Specification(s):
Filter will be present, clean, and leak free
Objective(s):
Ensure oil filter is present and functional
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Specification(s):
Nozzle size, angle, and spray pattern will be correct for design input and within equipment firing rate of the heating system manufacturer
Position of nozzle and electrodes will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment is outfitted with the correct nozzle per manufacturer guidelines
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Before | After |
Locate nozzles on oil-fired water heaters and furnaces | Verify that nozzle size is appropriate for model by consulting flow chart |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
Specification(s):
Measurement will be verified in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure correct oil pump pressure for nozzle installed and at OEM's specified values per ACCA
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Before | After |
Check oil-fired furnaces and water heaters for proper fuel pressure | Verify that fuel pressure matches manufacturer's specifications |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
Specification(s):
Heating equipment will be placed in operation in accordance with applicable standards and manufacturer specifications when available
Objective(s):
Prepare equipment for combustion analysis tests
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
Specification(s):
Smoke test will be conducted before any cobustion testing is completed
Smoke spot reading will be in accordance with burner manufacturer specifications
If smoke test is more than actionable levels, specify a clean and tune
Objective(s):
Determine whether equipment is operating within acceptable range according to smoke test and call for action if needed
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Smoke tests determine if oil-fired appliances burn cleanly by testing soot | Verify oil-fired furnaces and water heaters are operating safely |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Place filter paper in testing pump and draw air through paper | Remove paper and verify draw was successful by checking for soot |
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3 | 4 |
Compare level of soot deposit against smoke chart. A rating of 0 is ideal | Appliances with ratings of 3 or higher should be cleaned and tuned |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Specification(s):
Measurement will be verified in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Determine whether steady state efficiency is within manufacturer range
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In Progress | After |
Test flue gases to determine steady state efficiency | At steady state, this furnace tests at 83% – within manufacturer tolerances |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Specification(s):
Net stack temperature will be measured and verified in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Determine whether net stack temperature is within manufacturer's recommended range
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In Progress | After |
Verify oil-fired appliances are not burning hotter than manufacturer specs | T-stack minus T-air equals net stack temperature. Check against specs |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Specification(s):
Measurement will be verified in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Verify combustion performance of equipment is within manufacturer recommended range based on CO2 and O2 readings
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In Progress | After |
Verify oil-fired appliances are burning safely by testing CO2 and O2 levels | Levels should be within industry standards and match manufacturer specs |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Specification(s):
Excess combustion air will be calculated and shown to be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Verify combustion performance of equipment is within manufacturer recommended range based on excess combustion air readings
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In Progress | After |
Oil-fired appliances require an appropriate level of air mixed with the oil | The percentage of Excess Air (EA) should be within manufacturer specs |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
Specification(s):
Measure CO and recommend actions to ensure that CO in the undiluted flue gas will be less than 400 ppm air-free
Objective(s):
Ensure CO in undiluted flue gas is less than 400 ppm air-free
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In Progress | After |
Test oil-fired appliances for CO in the flue gases to verify safe levels | CO should measure less than 200 ppm |
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CO should measure less than 200 ppm | AiR-free CO, or CO(0), should be less than 400 ppm |
Tools:
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Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
If new installation or replacement is necessary, ANSI / ACCA 5 QI HVAC Quality Installation Specification will be followed
Desired Outcome:
Analysis on critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications to ensure equipment operates as designed, safely, efficiently and is durable
Specification(s):
All testing and inspection holes will be sealed with approved materials
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
Total system air flow will be measured by one of the following methods:
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
External static pressure will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
Pressure drop across cooling coils will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Before |
Pressure drop across the coil should be less than or equal to manufacturer recommendations, generally less than .3" w.c. |
Tools:
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Drill holes being careful not to damage the evaporator coil. | Hook gauges up to measure pressure before and pressure after the coil. |
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Static pressure probe should be inserted with the tip pointing into the air stream. | Probe placed before the coil. |
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Probe placed after the coil. | Measure resulting pressure drop of the dry evaporator coil. |
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
Pressure drop across filter will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
Proper air flow delivery to each room will be ensured by one of the following:
OR
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
Supply and return wet bulb (wet bulb temperature is measured for cooling systems only) and dry bulb temperatures will be recorded
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
Return wet bulb and dry bulb air temperatures will be recorded
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Air flow is properly tested
Specification(s):
Temperature rise between the supply and return will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Polarity of equipment will be correct
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Voltage/amperage will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
In accordance with manufacturer specifications, voltage drop will be within acceptable range
Objective(s):
Ensure contactor does not overheat
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Grounding must conform to meet NFPA 70 National Electric Code
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Amperage will not exceed manufacturer full load amperage
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Amperage will not exceed manufacturer full load amperage
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Blower compartment safety switch operation will be verified
Objective(s):
Ensure blower does not operate during service
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Emergency heat circuit functions will be verified
Objective(s):
Ensure system delivers heat in case of compressor failure
Note:
The authority having jurisdiction may require that a licensed professional perform certain tasks outlined in this detail
Desired Outcome:
Refrigerant lines properly installed
Specification(s):
All suction or vapor refrigerant lines will be insulated to a minimum of R-4
High-side or liquid refrigerant lines will not be insulated unless specified by the equipment's manufacturer
Objective(s):
Ensure refrigerant lines do not gain excessive heat or cause condensation to occur inside the building envelope
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Best Practice |
Refrigerant line set should be insulated to an R-4 to maintain performance |
Desired Outcome:
Refrigerant lines properly installed
Specification(s):
If exposed to sunlight, refrigerant line insulation will be protected from UV degradation in accordance with manufacturer specifications, IRC or local code
Objective(s):
Install insulation so it does not degrade
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Line set insulation is exposed to direct sunlight and is severely degraded. | Line set insulation is protected with integrated UV protection. Tapes and other sealants may be required. |
Desired Outcome:
Refrigerant lines properly installed
Specification(s):
Refrigerant lines will be sized to meet manufacturer specifications for the installed equipment
Objective(s):
Ensure system moves appropriate volume of refrigerant
Desired Outcome:
Refrigerant lines properly installed
Specification(s):
Refrigerant lines will be installed without kinks, crimps, or excessive bends
Objective(s):
Ensure system moves appropriate volume of refrigerant
Desired Outcome:
Refrigerant lines properly installed
Specification(s):
Refrigerant lines will be routed, supported, and secured to house in a manner that protects the line from damage by workers or occupants
Objective(s):
Ensure refrigerant lines do not move, vibrate, or sag
Protect lines from damage
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Basic operation of the equipment will be explained to the occupant (e.g., design conditions, efficiency measures, differences from previous system or situation)
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant has a reasonable expectation of the equipment's capability
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Proper operation and programming of system controls to achieve temperature and humidity control will be explained to the occupant
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant can operate system controls
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Indoor and outdoor electrical disconnects and fuel shut-offs will be demonstrated to occupant
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant can shut off equipment in emergencies
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Location of combustion air inlets will be identified for occupant in accordance with NFPA 31, 54, and 58
Importance of not blocking inlets will be explained to occupant
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant does not block combustion air inlets
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Importance of cleaning dust and debris from return grilles will be explained to occupant
Proper placement of interior furnishings with respect to registers will be explained to occupant
Negative consequences of closing registers will be explained to occupant
Importance of leaving interior doors open as much as possible will be explained to occupant
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant does not prevent equipment from operating as designed
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Proper filter selection and how to change the filter will be explained to occupant
Importance of keeping outside unit clear of debris, vegetation, decks, and other blockage will be explained to occupant
Importance and timing of routine professional maintenance will be explained to occupant
There will be no air bypass around the filters and new central forced air HVAC systems will have minimum MERV 6 filtration
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Situations when the occupant should contact the HVAC contractor will be explained, including:
Objective(s):
Notify occupant to contact installer when system is not operating as designed
Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
A carbon monoxide (CO) alarm will be installed
Objective(s):
Occupant will be made aware of operation of CO alarm
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Carbon Monoxide alarms should be installed according to local codes | Alarms should be mounted near sleeping areas – such as the one marked in red |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Occupants understand their role and responsibility in the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the equipment
Specification(s):
Occupant will be provided with relevant manuals and warranties
The labor warranty will be explained and the occupant will be given a phone number to call for warranty service
Objective(s):
Provide manuals and warranties for future servicing
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Mercury based thermostat will be removed safely and disposed of in accordance with EPA regulations
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from injury
Protect environment from damage
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Existing controls will be removed in accordance with EPA lead-safe work rules
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from injury
Protect environment from damage
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Penetrations for control wiring will be sealed with a durable sealant (e.g., caulk, silicone, foam)
Objective(s):
Ensure controls operate as designed
Minimize infiltration and exfiltration from house
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Thermostats will be installed to reflect the temperature of the zone in which they are installed
Thermostats will not be exposed to extreme temperatures, radiant heat sources, and drafts
Objective(s):
Ensure controls operate as designed
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Blower speed will be set for equipment in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment has correct air flow
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
A thermostat with equipment supplementary heat lockout that can interface with an outside temperature sensor will be selected
Objective(s):
Ensure supplementary heater operation is prevented when the heat pump is capable of meeting the load
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Supplementary heat will be used on air-to-air heat pumps with conditions that allow for a balance point of less than 30°F
Supplementary heat lockout will be installed and set to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure supplementary heater operation is prevented when the heat pump is capable of meeting the load
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
For air-to-air heat pumps, low ambient compressor lockout will be set to 0°F outdoor temperature or to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure supplementary heater operation is prevented when the heat pump is capable of meeting the load
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
An outdoor temperature sensor will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Supplementary heat will be wired onto second-stage heating terminal in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Do not operate supplementary heat in stage one heating
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
The installer options will be set to match the thermostat to the equipment and control board settings
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Time delay for equipment will be set in accordance with manufacturer specifications and as appropriate for the climate zone (e.g., no time delay for hot humid climates)
Objective(s):
Maximize transfer of heat without adversely affecting indoor humidity levels
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Occupants will be educated on proper use of thermostat including:
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment and controls operate as designed
Provide comfort throughout house
Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
Connections in condensate drain system will be watertight
Objective(s):
Ensure condensate drain connections do not leak
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Bad Practice | In Progress |
HVAC equipment needs condensate drainage to prevent water damage | Drainage pipes should be sealed to be water - tight |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
Condensate drainlines will be insulated with a minimum 1" of insulation with a vapor retarder when there is potential for condensation or freezing on the drainline
Objective(s):
Ensure condensate drain connections do not leak
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Before | After |
Once drainage pipes cross into unconditioned space, they can freeze | Pipes in unconditioned spaces should be insulated with 1" pipe insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
Secondary drain pan and float switch will be installed when overflow could damage finished surfaces
Or
Float switch in the primary condensate drain for upflow systems will be installed when overflow could damage finished surfaces
Objective(s):
Ensure condensate drain connections do not leak
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A float switch should be installed to prevent overflow and damage |
Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
Condensate drain pumps will be installed when condensate cannot be drained by gravity
Power source for pump will be installed
Operation and drainage of pump will be verified
Objective(s):
Ensure condensate drain connections do not leak
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Before | After |
HVAC equipment that drains upward through a roof cannot drain naturally | For non-gravity draining systems, a pump is necessary |
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HVAC unit is mounted to "historic" adobe wall which cannot be penetrated | Instead, unit is drained by utilizing a pipe and pump in the next room |
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The pump is connected directly into the sewage system |
Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
Vents and traps will be installed on condensate drainlines
Trap supplied with the equipment will be used and manufacturer specifications will be followed
Objective(s):
Ensure condensate drain operates as designed
Ensure condensate drain does not leak air
Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
Condensate from all cooling coils or evaporators shall be conveyed from the drain pan outlet to an approved place of disposal
Such piping shall maintain a minimum horizontal slope in the direction of discharge of not less than 1/8 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1% slope)
Condensate shall not discharge into a street, alley, or other areas where it would cause a nuisance
Objective(s):
Prevent water damage from drain system malfunction
Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
All secondary drain pans will have a float switch and be drained away through a drainline
Objective(s):
Prevent water overflowing the pan and draining onto the ceiling below
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Float switches should be installed in drainage pans to prevent overflow |
Desired Outcome:
Equipment and condensate drain operate as designed
Specification(s):
Condensate drain will be terminated in accordance with local codes
Objective(s):
Ensure condensate does not leak to the house
Ensure condensate drain does not freeze
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Heating equipment will be placed in operation in accordance with applicable NFPA standards and manufacturer specifications when available
Use certified professionals, in accordance with fuel type and manufacturers specifications, to measure gas pressure on the recommendation of trained weatherization technicians who have pressure concerns based on a visual inspection of the size of flame, clocking of the meter and/or experiencing high or low temperature splits when an appliance is initally tested.
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Natural gas should have a manifold pressure of 3.5" w.c. | Propane should have a manifold pressure of 10" w.c. |
Tools:
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See the manufacturer specifications for desired manifold pressure. |
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Heating equipment will be placed in operation in accordance with applicable NFPA standards and manufacturer specifications when available
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Before | After |
Appliance is set to OFF at the electrical disconnect, and will not fire. | Appliance is set to ON at the disconnect, and can now fire. |
Ensure appliance is fired in accordance with manufacturer specifications.
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Propane - Ensure gas valve is open at the tank and there is fuel in the tank. | Natural Gas - Ensure the valve on the meter is on. |
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Ensure gas valve is open at the appliance. | Turn appliance to heat, and raise the temperature 15 degrees above ambient conditions. |
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Measurement will be verified in accordance with industry manuals (e.g., Testo, Bacharach)
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice |
Carbon dioxide and oxygen levels should be measured in undiluted flue gas |
Tools:
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Oxygen levels should usually fall between 7 - 9%. CO2 should be between 6.5 - 8%.
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
CO in the undiluted flue gas will be less than 400 ppm air-free
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice |
CO levels should be less than 400 ppm to ensure safe operation |
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed in accordance with industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
All testing and inspection holes will be sealed with manufacturer approved materials
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Before | After |
The testing hole was left unsealed. | The hole in both walls has been properly sealed with a plug, cap, or other approved method. |
Materials:
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Apply high temperature sealant to the bolt, so that both holes will be sealed. | Screw the bolt into place, ensuring a proper seal on both pipes. |
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If sealing each wall individually, insert the plug into each hole. | Apply high temperature sealant to the perimeter of the plug. |
Desired Outcome:
A properly sized heating appliance selected
Specification(s):
Load calculation will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ACCA 2 Manual J (Residential Load Calculation) and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Enable proper sizing of the heating appliance
Desired Outcome:
A properly sized heating appliance selected
Specification(s):
Equipment selection will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ACCA Manual S and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment is able to heat the house
Heat exchangers in all replacement heating plants must have a minimum 10 year manufacturer's warranty.
Desired Outcome:
Heat emitter selected provides adequate heat output
Specification(s):
Load calculation will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ACCA 2 Manual J (residential
Load Calculation) and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Enable proper sizing of the heating appliance
Desired Outcome:
Thermostat replaced when appropriate
Specification(s):
Thermostats will be visually located
Verify anticipator setting, if appropriate for thermostat model
Replacement will be recommended if a digital, double setback thermostat is not present
Objective(s):
Determine if existing thermostats need to be replaced
Desired Outcome:
Thermostat replaced when appropriate
Specification(s):
Thermostats containing mercury will be identified and disposed of in accordance with EPA guidance
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from mercury exposure
Desired Outcome:
Thermostat replaced when appropriate
Specification(s):
Heating system will be de-energized before removal
Thermostat will be removed
Compatibility will be verified (e.g., voltage, wiring condition, location) and documented
Location of existing thermostat will be assessed for appropriateness (e.g., central to the house, out of direct sunlight, away from supply air, protected from abnormal radiant surface temperatures)
Objective(s):
Proper removal of thermostat
Desired Outcome:
Thermostat replaced when appropriate
Specification(s):
Location for new thermostat will be determined
Compatibility with new thermostat will be verified (e.g., voltage, wiring, condition, location)
Replacement will be recommended if a digital, double setback thermostat is not present
Heating system will be re-energized and cycled
Thermostat will be programmed to occupant lifestyle choices
Objective(s):
Achieve comfort and energy savings for the occupant
Desired Outcome:
Thermostat replaced when appropriate
Specification(s):
Thermostats will be disposed of in accordance with EPA guidelines and local regulations
Objective(s):
Prevent mercury from entering the environment
Desired Outcome:
Thermostat replaced when appropriate
Specification(s):
Occupant will be involved in the initial programming of thermostat and educated on common settings and programming
On new installs, occupants will be encouraged to save the manual and keep it accessible
Objective(s):
Educate occupant on best use
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
The following conditions will be assessed by a licensed contractor:
Objective(s):
Observe general conditions to determine needed repairs or maintenance
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
When replacement is necessary, gas valve will be removed and replaced according to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Provide gas to burner when there is a call for heat
Control volume of gas for burner
Ensure the safe shut off of gas at the end of a call for heat
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Components of ignition system will be repaired or replaced in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Do not allow flow of main burner gas without proof of ignition
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Problems that may interfere with flame (e.g., dust, debris, misalignment) will be cleaned, vacuumed, and adjusted
Objective(s):
Produce combustion in a safe, clean, and efficient manner
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Flue gases will be removed from the venting system in accordance with IRC G2427 or per manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure the safety and durability of the venting system
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Undiluted flue gases will be checked with a calibrated combustion analyzer in accordance with BPI 1200 or other approved standard
If combustion is not in compliance with the referenced standard, diagnostics and adjustments will be referred to a qualified technician to meet manufacturer specifications or local codes
Objective(s):
Confirm that combustion occurs safely with maximum efficiency
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Undiluted flue gases will be checked with a calibrated combustion analyzer in accordance with accepted protocol to determine if acceptable boiler efficiency is being maintained
If boilers are found to be out of compliance, a combustion analysis will be administered and minimum stack temperature will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Increase the operational efficiency of the system
Improve occupant comfort
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
All homes will have a carbon monoxide (CO) alarm
Objective(s):
Ensure ambient CO does not exceed acceptable levels after completion of work
Desired Outcome:
Boiler service improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Occupants will be educated on the operation and maintenance of the carbon monoxide (CO) alarm
Completed work and recommended maintenance will be reviewed
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is informed of the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of the work performed
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Combustion safety testing will be performed in accordance with the Health & Safety Chapter of the (Standard Work Specifications for Single Family Housing) or other equivalent practice
Objective(s):
Identify potential health and safety issues
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
The following conditions will be inspected:
Objective(s):
Observe general conditions to determine needed repairs or maintenance
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Pipe insulation will be inspected, including:
If asbestos is suspected, occupants will be notified and asbestos will not be disturbed
Required repair or replacement will be performed in accordance with the following conditions:
Pipe insulation will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Minimize heat loss
Improve performance of the system
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Check system pressure will be verified
Check system pressure will be 1 pound per square inch gauge (psig) per 28" of system height
Objective(s):
Keep system operating within pressure parameters
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Devices that are under performing or have need of purging will be purged as needed
Objective(s):
Remove air from the system to maximize performance
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Automatic fill valve will be inspected to ensure it maintains system pressure
If pressure is not maintained, replacement will be made in accordance with the following criteria:
Objective(s):
Maintain optimal system pressure to maximize performance
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Gauge glass will be inspected for erosion, cracks, or drying
Damaged gauge glass on boiler will be replaced in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Gauge glass that is coated with dirt or sediment, making it difficult to observe the water level of the boiler, will be removed, cleaned, and replaced
Objective(s):
Ensure gauge glass is in safe operating condition to allow observation of water level in boiler
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Operation of low-water cutoff on steam boilers will be observed by opening blow-off valve
If combustion is not extinguished, remediation will be accomplished by the following procedure:
Operation of low-water cutoff on hot water boilers is applicable only if proper test setup is available on-site, to avoid draining the system
Occupants will be educated on the correct method to drain the low water cutoff weekly (must drain once per week to remove sediment from float chamber of low-water cutoff)
Objective(s):
Ensure safe minimum water level of the boiler
Maintain safe operation of the low water cut-off on ongoing basis
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
An immersion low-water cutoff will be installed and operable
Objective(s):
Ensure safe minimum water level of the boiler
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
An expansion tank will be installed and operable
Tanks that leak or have excessive corrosion will be replaced, and non - bladder tanks will include an expansion tank drain
Tank will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Expansion tanks will be properly supported with strapping
Tanks that are full of water will be drained; after expansion tank is drained, re-establish the correct water level in relation to system pressure
Expansion tanks with bladders will have air charged to the manufacturer pressure specifications while water is not present in the tank
Bladder tanks that have water inside of the air bladder will be replaced in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Absorb water expansion of the system
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Manufacturer specifications for flushing or skimming steam boiler will be followed
Objective(s):
Ensure boiler produces dry steam
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
The temperature or pressure gauge will be inspected for erosion, cracks, or dirt
Damaged temperature or pressure gauges will be replaced in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Allow for accurate observation of system temperature and pressure
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Non-working motors that cannot be serviced will be replaced with a new motor
New motors will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Oil-lubricated circulators will be installed in proper alignment with the pump coupler and will be supported so they do not sag
Bearings will have free movement without binding
Shaft seals will not leak
Bearings in inoperable, water-lubricated circulators will be freed, if possible, before replacement with a new circulation pump
Objective(s):
Ensure circulation of water at designated velocity in system without leaks in the circulators
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Zone valves will be inspected for the following conditions:
New equipment will be replaced in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure proper zonal control of the system for comfort and efficiency
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
If boiler is 90% efficient or more, condensate discharge will be an acceptable pH level, in accordance with local code, and will be drained to the exterior of the house, away from the foundation
Condensate pumps will be installed, if needed, to ensure proper drainage
Objective(s):
Bring the condensate to an acceptable pH and discharge to appropriate location
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Occupant will be informed that air vents have potential to cause moisture problems if not operating properly
Occupant will be reminded to call for maintenance if vents discharge steam or have moisture issues
Objective(s):
Maintain efficient operation of the system
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Keeping records of all maintenance will be recommended to occupants
Copies or access to installation and operation manuals will be provided
Objective(s):
Provide a history of system installation and maintenance to improve future maintenance or repair
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
All homes will have a carbon monoxide (CO) alarm
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Desired Outcome:
Thorough maintenance improves safety, efficiency, and performance
Specification(s):
Completed work will be reviewed
Occupants will be educated on the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of the system
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is informed of the safe, efficient operation and maintenance of the system
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Ventilation ducts will be as short, straight, and smooth as possible
Ventilation ducts will not be smaller than the connections to which they are attached
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
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Before | After |
Duct work for exhaust fans should be short, smooth, and not pinch down | Duct is the same size as the outlet and makes shortest run possible |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Ducts installed outside of the thermal envelope will be insulated to a minimum of R-8 or equivalent to local codes
Objective(s):
Prevent condensation from forming or collecting inside of the ductwork
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Before | After |
Uninsulated ducts in unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | R-8 insulation with a vapor barrier should be securely wrapped around ducts |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Flexible and duct board ducts and plenums will be supported every 4' using a minimum of 1 ½" wide material
Support materials will be applied in a way that does not crimp ductwork or cause the interior dimensions of the ductwork to be less than specified (e.g., ceiling, framing, strapping); duct support must be installed in accordance with authority having jurisdiction
Metal ducts will be supported by 1/2" or wider 18-gauge strapping or 12 gauge or thicker galvanized wire no less than 10 feet apart
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve the integrity of the duct system
Eliminate falling and sagging
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Before | After |
Ducts should not be allowed to droop or sag to maximize efficiency | Supports should be evenly spaced to allow for minimal distance of run |
Tools:
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Materials:
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BAD: | |
Make sure supports DO NOT compress insulation or duct | Flex ducts should have support straps at least every 4 feet |
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Support straps should be at least 1 1/2 inches wide | Metal ducts should be supported at 10 feet or less with wire or metal strap |
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Metal strap should be at least 18 gauge and 1/2 inch wide | Metal wire should be at least 12 gauge and galvanized |
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Round metal-to-metal or metal-to-PVC will be fastened with a minimum of three equally spaced screws
Other metal-to-metal or metal-to-PVC connections will be securely fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), mastic - plus-embedded-fabric systems, or tapes
Flexible duct-to-metal or flexible duct-to-PVC will be fastened with tie bands using a tie band tensioning tool
PVC-to-PVC materials will be fastened with approved PVC cement
Other specialized duct fittings will be fastened in accordance with manufacturer specifications
In addition to mechanical fasteners, duct connections will be sealed with UL 181B or 181B-M listed material
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve the integrity of the duct system
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Flexible materials will be UL 181 listed or Air Diffusion Council approved
The metal gauge of rigid kitchen and exhaust gauges shall meet code requirements or authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve the integrity of the duct system
Desired Outcome:
Securely installed termination fittings with unrestricted air flow
Specification(s):
A hole no greater than a 1/4" greater than the fitting will be cut to accommodate termination fitting
Objective(s):
Allow for ease of weatherproofing
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Before | After |
Exhaust fans need exterior ventilation, often through roofs and walls | Hole should be no more than 1/4" larger than termination fitting diameter |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Locate the center of your vent hole by drilling from inside through roof | Measure the termination fitting to determine proper hole saw diameter |
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3 | 4 |
Based on termination fitting size (in this case, 4"), mark to cut hole | Hole should be no more than 1/4" larger than termination fitting diameter |
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5 |
Verify hole size is correct before installation |
Desired Outcome:
Securely installed termination fittings with unrestricted air flow
Specification(s):
A termination fitting with an integrated collar will be used
Collar will be at least the same diameter as the exhaust fan outlet; if collar is larger than exhaust fan outlet, a rigid metal transition will be used
Fitting will be appropriate for regional weather conditions and installation location on house so as not to be rendered inoperable
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air to the outside
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Ensure durable installation
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Before | After |
Termination fittings with no collar are to be avoided | Properly sized ducts with snug connections to collared fittings last longer |
Tools:
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Materials:
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BAD: | |
Termination fittings without collars should be avoided | Termination fittings with collars should be used for exhaust ventilation |
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Collared fittings extend through the roof to fasten securely with duct |
Desired Outcome:
Securely installed termination fittings with unrestricted air flow
Specification(s):
Duct will be connected and sealed to termination fitting as follows:
Fasteners will not inhibit damper operation
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air to the outside
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Ensure durable installation
Desired Outcome:
Securely installed termination fittings with unrestricted air flow
Specification(s):
Exterior termination fitting will be flashed or weather sealed
Water will be directed away from penetration
Installation will not inhibit damper operation
Manufacturer specifications will be followed
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Ensure a weather tight and durable termination installation
Ensure unrestricted air flow
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Before | After |
Holes for termination fitting need to be sealed to weatherproof | Termination installation should follow shingling to deter water penetration |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 |
Termination fitting is installed to repel water and sealed |
Desired Outcome:
Securely installed termination fittings with unrestricted air flow
Specification(s):
Screen material with no less than ¼" and no greater than ½" hole size in any direction will be used
Installation will not inhibit damper operation or restrict air flow
Objective(s):
Prevent pest entry
Ensure proper air flow
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Before | After |
Exhaust terminations without screens are an invitation to pest intrusion | Screen mesh should be between 1/4" and 1/2" in either direction |
Desired Outcome:
Securely installed termination fittings with unrestricted air flow
Specification(s):
Terminations will be ducted to the outdoors, which does not include unconditioned spaces such as attics and crawl spaces that are ventilated with the outdoors.
Terminations will be installed:
Objective(s):
Prevent exhaust from reentering house
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Before | After |
Exhaust vent has been improperly mounted too close to mechanical vent | Exhaust vent was properly mounted over 3ft from door, window, and deed line |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Securely installed termination fittings with unrestricted air flow
Specification(s):
Galvanized steel, stainless steel, or copper will be used for termination fitting for kitchen exhaust
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Kitchen exhaust vents should not be made from highly combustible materials | This roof-mounted kitchen exhaust fan is galvanized steel–heat resistant |
Desired Outcome:
Exhaust grille location optimizes either primary or local ventilation
Specification(s):
Fan intake grille will be installed in a central location within the main body of the house
Ensure it is accessible for filter change and cleaning
Objective(s):
Provide whole house air exchange
Desired Outcome:
Exhaust grille location optimizes either primary or local ventilation
Specification(s):
Fan intake grille will be installed in the space where odor, moisture vapor, or other contaminants are gene
Objective(s):
Remove contaminated air at the source
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A hole no greater than a 1/4" greater than the assembly will be cut to accommodate fan assembly
Objective(s):
Minimize repair work
Ensure a secure installation
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications, and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Fan outlet will be oriented toward the final termination location
Fan will be oriented so the equivalent length of the duct run is as short as possible
Fan will be mounted securely in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure short duct run to achieve optimum air flow
Ensure a secure installation
Ensure fan housing does not shake, rattle, or hum when operating
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A backdraft damper will be installed between the outlet side of the fan and the exterior
Objective(s):
Prevent reverse air flow when the fan is off
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Duct-to-fan outlet will be connected and sealed as follows:
Objective(s):
Exhaust to outside
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Gaps and holes in fan housing will be sealed with caulk or other sealants in accordance with manufacturer recommendations
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage through fan housing
Ensure a permanent seal
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage between house and fan
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Air flows in cubic feet per minute (CFM) will be measured and adjusted to meet the whole house upgrade design Requirements
Objective(s):
Exhaust sufficient air from desired locations to outside
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Leakage to the house from other spaces will be prevented (e.g., garages, unconditioned crawl spaces, unconditioned attics)
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Pressure effects will be assessed and corrected on all combustion appliances
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Fan and service switch will be accessible for maintenance according to NFPA National Electric Code or local authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Fan and service switch will be accessible for maintenance
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Fan outlet will be oriented toward the final termination location
Fan will be oriented so the equivalent length of the duct run is as short as possible
Fan will be mounted securely in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Fan will be isolated from the building framing unless specifically designed to be directly attached
Fan will be installed remotely by installing ducting from intake grille
Objective(s):
Ensure short duct run to achieve optimum air flow
Ensure fan is installed securely
Ensure fan housing or building framing does not shake, rattle, or hum when operating
Minimize noise
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A backdraft damper will be installed between the outlet side of the fan and the exterior
Objective(s):
Prevent reverse air flow when the fan is off
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Ducts will be connected and sealed to the intake fan and termination fitting as follows:
Objective(s):
Exhaust from desired location to outside
Preserve integrity of the duct system and building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage around intake housing
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Air flows in CFM will be measured and adjusted to meet the design requirements
Objective(s):
Exhaust sufficient air from desired locations to outside
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Leakage to the house from other spaces will be prevented (e.g., garages, unconditioned crawl spaces, unconditioned attics)
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Pressure effects caused by fans will be assessed and corrected when found outside of combustion safety standards
Exhaust fans and other exhausting systems shall be provided with makeup air or other pressure relief
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A hole no greater than a 1/4 inch greater than the assembly will be cut to accommodate fan assembly
Objective(s):
Allow for ease of weatherproofing
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Before | After |
Determine size to cut hole by measuring fan assembly and ducting | A snug fit should be ensured to minimize weatherproofing required |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Measure the termination fitting to determine proper hole diameter (in this case, 4") | Hole should be no more than 1/4" larger than assembly diameter |
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3 | 4 |
Clear wall surface and mark hole size 1/4" larger than termination fitting | Since opening is larger than most hole saws, precision cutting is important |
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications, and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Fan outlet will be oriented toward the final termination location
Fan will be oriented so the equivalent length of the duct run is as short as possible
Fan will be mounted securely according to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Install mounting fan securely
Ensure fan housing does not shake, rattle, or hum when operating
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Exterior termination fitting will be flashed or weather sealed
Water will be directed away from penetration
Termination fitting installation will not inhibit damper operation
Manufacturer specifications will be followed
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Ensure a weather tight and durable installation
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A backdraft damper will be installed between the outlet side of the fan and the exterior
Objective(s):
Prevent reverse air flow when the fan is off
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Best Practice |
Damper should be installed to maintain exterior air barrier |
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage through fan housing
Ensure a permanent seal to the building air barrier
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage around intake housing
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
All components outside of the thermal envelope will be insulated to a minimum of R-8 or equivalent to local code
Exception: If system operates continuously, fan housing need not be insulated
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of the duct system
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Air flows in CFM will be measured and adjusted to meet the design requirements
Objective(s):
Exhaust sufficient air from desired locations to outside
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Leakage to the house from other spaces will be prevented (e.g., garages, unconditioned crawl spaces, unconditioned attics)
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
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Best Practice |
The barrier between conditioned and unconditioned spaces should be sealed |
See also 3.1501.1 Penetrations, Cracks, and Doors Between Garage and House.
Desired Outcome:
Through the wall fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Pressure effects caused by fans will be assessed and corrected when found outside of combustion safety standards
Make-up air will be provided in accordance with the current version of ASHRAE 62.2 and in compliance with the authority having jurisdiction.
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
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Before | After |
Installing new ventilation can cause imbalances within the house | Test that depressurization limit is not being exceeded by new ventilation |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Run depressurization testing on house to ensure new ventilation isn't causing unsafe conditions | If depressurization limit is exceeded, mitigate to eliminate safety risk |
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3 | 4 |
Mitigate safety risk with make-up air or other pressure relief | After mitigation, verify that depressurization limits are not being exceeded |
Desired Outcome:
Dryer air exhausted efficiently and safely
Specification(s):
Clothes dryers will be ducted to the outdoors, which does not include unconditioned spaces such as attics and crawl spaces that are ventilated with the outdoors
As short a run as practical of rigid sheet metal or semi-rigid sheet metal venting material will be used in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Dryer ducts exceeding 35' in duct equivalent length will have a dryer booster fan installed
Plastic venting material will not be used
Uninsulated clothes dryer duct will not pass through unconditioned spaces such as attics and crawl spaces
Ducts will be connected and sealed as follows:
In addition:
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of building envelope
Effectively move air from clothes dryer to outside
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Before | After |
Dryer is vented outside, but with wrong material | Dryer is vented outdoors, with correct material. Run is as short and straight as possible ensuring maximum flow. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Disconnect existing vent pipe from termination. If hose clamp is installed, save for reuse. | Disconnect existing vent pipe from dryer. |
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Attach approved vent material to termination vent. Termination vent may need to be trimmed. | Trim metal vent to ensure the run is as short and straight as possible. |
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Connect vent pipe to dryer. | Dryer vents to outdoors, and exhaust damper is functional. |
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For vent runs >35 feet, a booster fan is required. | Duct runs outside of conditioned space must be insulated and properly supported. |
Desired Outcome:
Dryer air exhausted efficiently and safely
Specification(s):
Termination fitting manufactured for use with dryers will be installed
A backdraft damper will be included, as described in termination fitting detail
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Dryer air exhausted efficiently and safely
Specification(s):
If natural draft combustion appliances are present and if worst-case CAZ and/or other performance based testing is conducted and indicates a need for make-up air will be provided in accordance with the current version of ASHRAE 62.2 and in compliance with the authority having jurisdiction
If natural draft combustion appliances are present and if no performance based testing is conducted, make-up air will be provided prescriptively in accordance with the current version of ASHRAE 62.2 and in compliance with the authority having jurisdiction.
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of building envelope
Effectively move air from clothes dryer to outside
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Best Practice |
A passive inlet vent can provide make-up air for dryer exhaust |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Dryer air exhausted efficiently and safely
Specification(s):
Pressure effects caused by fans will be assessed and corrected when found outside of combustion safety standards
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
Ensure occupant health and safety
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Before | After |
Appliance exhaust, such as that for a dryer, can cause depressurization | Test to verify combustion appliances are within depressurization limits |
Tools:
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Run depressurization testing on house to ensure new ventilation isn't causing unsafe conditions | If depressurization limit is exceeded, mitigate to eliminate safety risk |
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Install make-up air, such as a passive inlet vent, or other pressure relief | After mitigation, verify that depressurization limit is not being exceeded |
Desired Outcome:
Dryer air exhausted efficiently and safely
Specification(s):
Occupant will be instructed to keep lint filter and termination fitting clean
Occupant will be instructed to keep dryer booster fan clean, if present
Occupant will be instructed on clothes dryer operation safety including information on items that must not be placed in the clothes dryer (items with any oil or other flammable liquid on it, foam, rubber, plastic or other heat-sensitive fabric, glass fiber materials)
Objective(s):
Effectively move air from clothes dryer to outside
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Neglect of clothes dryer maintenance can cause fire hazards | Occupants should be taught to clean lint filters and termination fittings |
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In homes with booster fans, occupant should know location and how to clean | Occupants should be taught never to put flammable articles in dryer (in this case, oily rags) |
Desired Outcome:
Kitchen range fan installed to specification
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed in accordance with local regulations or the IRC in the absence of such regulations or where those regulations are not as stringent as the IRC
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Kitchen range fan installed to specification
Specification(s):
Kitchen range fans will be vented to the outdoors
Recirculating fans will not be used as a ventilating device
Objective(s):
Remove cooking contaminants from the house
Preserve integrity of building envelope
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Before | After |
Recirculating fans over ranges do not actually remove contaminants | Daylight visible through dampered kitchen exhaust proves venting access |
Desired Outcome:
Kitchen range fan installed to specification
Specification(s):
Kitchen range fans will be ducted to the outdoors
As short a run as practical of smooth wall metal duct will be used, following manufacturer specifications
Ducting will be connected and sealed as follows:
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of building envelope
Effectively move air from range to outside
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Before | After |
Exhaust duct should be smooth-walled and in as short a run as possible | Daylight visible through dampered kitchen exhaust proves outside access |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Existing kitchen exhaust fans must be vented to the exterior.
Horizontal runs and elbows should be avoided.
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2 | 2 |
Duct run should be as smooth and short as possible | Duct should be fastened securely with three evenly-spaced screws |
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3 | 4 |
Then joints should be secured with fiberglass tape | Finally, joint should be secured with mastic |
Desired Outcome:
Kitchen range fan installed to specification
Specification(s):
Termination fitting will be installed including a backdraft damper, as described in termination fitting detail
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
Ensure occupant health and safety
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Before | After |
Kitchen fans should exhaust to the exterior, not just recirculate air | Exhaust fans should have backdraft dampers |
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Backdraft damper on roof mounted exhaust fan | An interior backdraft damper can also be installed for good measure |
Desired Outcome:
Kitchen range fan installed to specification
Specification(s):
If natural draft combustion appliances are present and if worst-case CAZ and/or other performance based testing is conducted and indicates a need for make-up air will be provided in accordance with the current version of ASHRAE 62.2 and in compliance with the authority having jurisdiction
If natural draft combustion appliances are present and if no performance based testing is conducted, make-up air will be provided prescriptively in accordance with the current version of ASHRAE 62.2 and in compliance with the authority having jurisdiction.
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
Ensure occupant health and safety
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Before | After |
If kitchen exhaust is venting at more than 200 CFM, provide make-up air | A passive inlet vent can provide make-up air for kitchen exhaust |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Kitchen range fan installed to specification
Specification(s):
Pressure effects caused by fans will be assessed and corrected when found outside of combustion safety standards
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
Ensure occupant health and safety
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Before | After |
Kitchen exhaust fans can cause combustion appliances to depressurize | Test that combustion appliances are operating within depressurization limit |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Run depressurization testing on house to ensure new ventilation isn't causing unsafe conditions | If appliances exceed depressurization limit, mitigate to reduce risk |
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3 | 4 |
Install a source of make-up air, such as a passive inlet vent | After mitigation, verify that depressurization limits are not being exceeded |
Desired Outcome:
Kitchen range fan installed to specification
Specification(s):
Occupant will be instructed to keep grease filters and termination fitting clean
Objective(s):
Effectively move air from kitchen range to outdoors
Desired Outcome:
Ventilation supply ducts effectively move the required amount of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Ventilation ducts will be as short, straight, and smooth as possible
Ventilation ducts will not be smaller than the connections to which they are attached
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Desired Outcome:
Ventilation supply ducts effectively move the required amount of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Ventilation supply ducts installed outside of the thermal envelope will be insulated to a minimum of R-8 or equivalent to local codes
Objective(s):
Prevent moisture condensation
Desired Outcome:
Ventilation supply ducts effectively move the required amount of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Flexible and duct board ducts and plenums will be supported every 4 ft using a minimum of 1 ½" wide material
Support materials will be applied in a way that does not crimp ductwork or cause the interior dimensions of the ductwork to be less than specified (e.g., ceiling, framing, strapping); duct support must be installed in accordance with authority having jurisdiction
Metal ducts will be supported by 1/2" or wider 18-gauge strapping or 12-gauge or thicker galvanized wire no less than 10 feet apart
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve integrity of the ventilation supply duct system
Eliminate falling and sagging
Desired Outcome:
Ventilation supply ducts effectively move the required amount of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
All connections will have a contact overlap of at least 1" Ducts will be connected and sealed as follows:
Outdoor air ventilation supply ducts attached to the return side of forced air systems will be:
All joints and connections in ductwork will be fastened and sealed with UL181B or 181B-M welds, gaskets, adhesive mastics, or mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve integrity of the ventilation supply duct system and building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Ventilation supply ducts effectively move the required amount of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Flexible air duct material will meet UL 181, NFPA 90A/90B, International Mechanical Code, or the
Uniform Mechanical Code
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve integrity of the duct system and building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Ventilation supply ducts effectively move the required amount of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Outdoor air intake will be installed in accordance with the following:
Objective(s):
Prevent contaminants from entering house
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
A hole no greater than a 1/4" greater than the fitting will be cut to accommodate intake fitting
Objective(s):
Ensure a weather tight installation
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
Collar will be at least the same diameter as the duct; if collar is larger than duct, a rigid metal transition will be used
Fitting will be appropriate for regional weather conditions and installation location on house so as not to be rendered inoperable
Objective(s):
Effectively draw the required volume of air from the outdoors
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Ensure durable installation
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
Intake fitting will be labeled "ventilation air intake"
Occupant will be instructed to keep yard debris and other contaminants clear of the intake
Objective(s):
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
The damper will be installed to open in the direction of the desired flow
Damper will close when system is off
Objective(s):
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
Duct to intake fitting will be connected and sealed as follows:
Ensure fasteners do not inhibit intake damper operation
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Ensure a weather tight and durable intake installation
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
Exterior termination fitting will be flashed or weather sealed
Water will be directed away from penetration Installation will not inhibit damper operation
Manufacturer specifications will be followed
Objective(s):
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Ensure a weather tight and durable intake installation
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
Corrosion resistant screen, louver, or grille material no less than ¼" and no greater than ½" hole size in any direction will be used, or as specified by authority having jurisdiction
Screen will be installed so it does not inhibit intake damper operation
Objective(s):
Prevent pest entry
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Intake optimizes air flow while limiting the entry of insects, debris, and contaminants
Specification(s):
Intake will be installed according to the following:
Objective(s):
Prevent contaminants from entering house
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Existing forced air system leakage to outside will be less than 10% of the air handler flow when measured at 25 pascals with reference to outside
Any portion of the return located inside the combustion appliance zone ( CAZ )will be air sealed
Objective(s):
Reduce migration of pollutants
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Motorized damper and service switch will be accessible for maintenance in accordance with required code or authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Ensure accessibility for maintenance
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Ventilation duct will be attached as close to the HVAC system's fan as possible while remaining in compliance with HVAC manufacturer specifications
Filtration of ventilation air will be provided before passing through the thermal conditioning components
Duct will be connected to intake fitting
Connection and seal will be performed according to supply duct detail
Objective(s):
Ensure short duct run to achieve optimum air flow
Preserve integrity of the duct system and building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
A motorized damper or equivalent technology will be installed between the intake fitting and the return side of the air handler
Air flow will be provided by sequenced operation of the damper or equivalent technology
Objective(s):
Prevent air flow when none is desired
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
An accessible filter will be installed
Filter will be able to remove contaminants consistent with at least minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) 6 or better when tested in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2
Filter or air cleaning systems that intentionally produce ozone will not be allowed
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Occupant will be educated on how and when to change filter
Objective(s):
Protect occupant health and safety
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications, and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Fan and service switch will be accessible for maintenance, service, and replacement in accordance with applicable code or authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Ensure accessibility for maintenance
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Fan will be oriented with inlet toward the fan intake Fitting
Fan will be oriented so the equivalent length of the duct run is as short as possible
Fan will be securely mounted in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Fan will be isolated from the building framing unless specifically designed to be directly attached
Fan will be installed remotely by ducting from supply register or grilles
Objective(s):
Ensure short duct run to achieve optimum air flow
Ensure fan is mounted securely
Ensure fan housing or building framing does not shake, rattle, or hum when operating
Minimize noise
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Damper will be installed to open in the direction of the desired flow
Damper will close when system is off
Objective(s):
Ensure unrestricted air flow
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Ducts will be connected and sealed to the intake fitting, fan, and register or grilles as follows:
All joints and connections in ductwork will be fastened and sealed with UL 181B or 181B-M welds, gaskets, adhesive mastics, or mastic-plus - embedded-fabric systems
Objective(s):
Provide desired air flow
Preserve integrity of the duct system and building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
An accessible filter will be installed between the intake fitting and the fan
Contaminant removal will be consistent with at least minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) 6 or better when tested in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2
Filter or air cleaning systems that intentionally produce ozone will not be allowed
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
Occupant will be educated on how and when to change filter
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Desired Outcome:
Inline or multi-port fan installed in accordance with specifications
Specification(s):
All gaps between boot and interior surface will be air sealed
Gypsum edge will be wetted before applying water-based sealant
Sealants will be continuous and be in accordance with IRC
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage around intake housing
Ensure a permanent seal to the building air barrier
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of supply garage vents
Specification(s):
Supply run feeding the register will be truncated as near to the supply plenum as possible
If directly connected to the plenum, it will be truncated at the plenum
If connected to a Y or T branch system, it will be truncated at the Y or T
Return grille located in garage will be removed in the same manner as supply
Objective(s):
Minimize surface area of duct
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of supply garage vents
Specification(s):
All holes in sheet metal ducts will be patched with sheet metal and secured with sufficient screws to hold the patch flat without gaps
Holes left in any Y or T will be capped with sheet metal caps and fastened with at least three screws
Objective(s):
Ensure a secure and strong patch
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of supply garage vents
Specification(s):
All patches will be sealed with mastic meeting UL 181M and in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure an airtight patch
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of supply garage vents
Specification(s):
All abandoned ductwork will be removed from work area
Objective(s):
Provide a clean work site
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of supply garage vents
Specification(s):
Hole created by the removal of the register and boot will be patched and taped using material meeting local codes
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of supply garage vents
Specification(s):
Units will be tested for external static pressure (ESP) before and after work
If there is a significant rise in ESP, air flow testing will be required
Objective(s):
Ensure correct fan performance
Desired Outcome:
Air circulates freely between rooms
Specification(s):
An appropriate means of pressure balancing will be installed (e.g., transfer grilles, jumper ducts, individual room returns)
No room will exceed +/ - 3 pascals with reference to the outdoors with all interior doors closed and ventilation systems running
Objective(s):
Ensure free flow of air between rooms
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
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Before | After |
If reading is >+/-3pa, interior ventilation needs to be installed | Passive door vents and individual room returns are two possibilities |
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1 | 2 |
With interior doors open, put reference hose to exterior | Take baseline reading |
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3 | 4 |
Turn on exhaust fans and close interior doors | With hose under door, check pressure again. Readings >+/-3pa are no good and require interior ventilation |
Desired Outcome:
Fan controls support ventilation strategy
Specification(s):
Controls will be used that can meet the following conditions:
Objective(s):
Deliver intended air exchange
Ensure fan controls meet intended ventilation strategy
Desired Outcome:
Fan controls support ventilation strategy
Specification(s):
Controls will be used that meet the following conditions:
Objective(s):
Deliver intended air exchange
Ensure fan controls meet intended ventilation strategy
Desired Outcome:
Fan controls support ventilation strategy
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications, and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Ensure fan controls meet intended ventilation strategy
Desired Outcome:
Fan controls support ventilation strategy
Specification(s):
A labeled switch for manual override will be included for the ventilation system
Objective(s):
Ensure fan controls meet intended ventilation strategy
Desired Outcome:
Fan controls support ventilation strategy
Specification(s):
A system operation guide designed for occupants (non-professionals) will be provided to explain how and why to operate system
A label indicating the presence and purpose of the ventilation system will be included or a copy of the system operation guide will be posted at the electrical panel
Objective(s):
Educate occupants about system operation and importance
Deliver intended air exchange
Desired Outcome:
Systems operate as quietly as possible
Specification(s):
System shall be rated for sound in accordance with current ASHRAE 62.2 standard
Objective(s):
Minimize noise
Desired Outcome:
Systems operate as quietly as possible
Specification(s):
Local ventilation will be rated for sound at a maximum of 3 sone, unless their maximum rated airflow exceeds 400 CFM, in accordance with current ASHRAE standard
Objective(s):
Minimize noise
Desired Outcome:
To provide supplemental ventilation information - ASHRAE 62.2
Specification(s):
ASHRAE Standard 62.2 and the Calculation of the Infiltration Credit allow adjustments to primary ventilation fan flow rates for existing houses using a single fan.
Objective(s):
To provide supplemental ventilation information – ASHRAE 62.2
Desired Outcome:
A more efficient appliance installed
Specification(s):
Appliance shall be ENERGY STAR® qualified or at least as energy efficient
Appliance will fit in the available space without blocking access to light switches, cabinets, etc.
Appliance will carry a minimum one-year warranty that will provide a replacement appliance if repeated issues relating to health, safety, or performance occur
Objective(s):
Energy efficient appliance installed
Desired Outcome:
A more efficient appliance installed
Specification(s):
Appliance will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications and local codes
>Any penetrations to the exterior of the home created by the installation of the appliance will be sealed
Energy-related appliance controls will be demonstrated to the occupant
Specific information on the proper maintenance of the equipment will be provided to the occupant
Warranty information, operation manuals, and installer contact information will be provided to the occupant
Objective(s):
Achieve intended appliance function
Preserve food at low energy use
Educate occupant on how to operate and maintain the appliance
Desired Outcome:
A more efficient appliance installed
Specification(s):
Appliances replaced by new units will be recycled or disposed of in accordance with federal, state, or local regulations
Appliances infested with pests will be enclosed before moving
Objective(s):
Prevent reuse of inefficient equipment and components
Protect the environment
Protect worker safety
Desired Outcome:
Energy used for lighting reduced while maintaining adequate and safe lighting levels
Specification(s):
Window coverings (e.g., blinds, shades, movable insulation) will be replaced or maneuvered to maximize useful daylight where appropriate
Active and passive day lighting will be properly oriented, designed, and installed where appropriate
Objective(s):
Reduce energy use without negative consequences (e.g., glare, unintentional heating)
Desired Outcome:
Energy used for lighting reduced while maintaining adequate and safe lighting levels
Specification(s):
All bulbs, fixtures, and controls will be appropriate for the intended application (e.g., enclosed, orientation, dimmable, potential for breakage, indoor, and outdoor)
All bulbs, fixtures, and controls will be selected to provide the brightness and light quality required in that application (e.g., task lighting, trip-and - fall hazards, and nightlights)
Selected equipment should have the highest level of efficiency within a technology [e.g., compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), LED]
All bulbs, fixtures, and controls will be ENERGY STAR® rated where applicable
When possible, bulbs, fixtures, and controls will be selected that will facilitate the use of future lighting technologies (e.g., LEDs)
When incandescent bulbs cannot be replaced or when occupant chooses not to replace, a dimmer will be selected
Light/lamp wattage should not exceed rated wattage of fixture
Bulb replacements will be chosen based on expected durability, light quality, and lifetime energy use of the bulb
Controls to turn off lights when not needed (e.g., no one in room) will be provided
All bulbs, fixtures, and controls will be UL-approved and installed in accordance with local code(s) and NFPA 70 National Electric Code
Fluorescent light ballasts containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) will be replaced in accordance with the EPA's Healthy Indoor Environment Protocols for Home Energy Upgrades
Objective(s):
Provide improved lighting quality at lower energy use
Select equipment that will not be an unnecessary barrier to future technologies
Avoid inferior products and unsatisfied occupants
Desired Outcome:
Energy and water use reduced while occupant needs for water flow maintained
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine if plumbing needs correction before installing high-efficiency shower head or faucet
Objective(s):
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Energy and water use reduced while occupant needs for water flow maintained
Specification(s):
The rated flow of new shower heads will be 2.5 gallons per minute (GPM) or less
If multiple heads are provided, the total flow rate will not exceed 2.5 GPM Aerator flow rate will be 2.2 GPM or less
Features will be selected that meet any special needs of the occupant (e.g., shut off, swivel, handheld showers)
Objective(s):
Reduce water and energy consumption
Ensure occupant satisfaction
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2.5 GPM stamp on a shower head | Shower and faucet aerators with flow rates equal to or less than 2.5 and 2.2 gpm |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Verify that occupant is satisfied with the performance of their shower and faucet aerators. Offer acceptable alternatives that meet the flow requirements.
Desired Outcome:
Energy and water use reduced while occupant needs for water flow maintained
Specification(s):
Equipment will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications and meet all applicable building codes
Water quality will be evaluated for debris that may clog the equipment
Once installed, high-efficiency shower heads or faucet aerators will be tested to determine if equipment is tightened adequately to prevent leakage at the point of connection
If needed, shower diverter will be repaired or replaced
Any penetrations to the exterior of the home created by the installation of the equipment will be sealed
Any damage done to the house during installation will be repaired
Specific information about proper maintenance of the equipment will be provided to the occupant
Warranty information, operation manuals, and installer contact information will be provided to the occupant
Water flow that satisfies the occupant will be provided by all shower heads and faucet aerators
Occupant's acceptance of the shower head and/or aerator will be documented
Objective(s):
Reduce water and energy consumption
Ensure occupant satisfaction with water flow
Eliminate water leakage
Prevent water damage
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Before | After |
Old, high flow shower nozzle | Leak testing a new shower aerator |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Interview occupant to document and verify their satisfaction with new shower and faucet aerators. Operate equipment after installation to ensure that it does not leak.
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Remove old, high flow shower heads | Replace with 2.5 gpm maximum shower heads |
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Clean corrosion and old sealant from the threads on the shower nipple using a wire brush | Seal the threads on the shower nipple with two wraps of Teflon tape. Wrap tape clockwise so it won't peel off |
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Install the new low-flow shower head | Tighten the shower head using an adjustable wrench or tongue-and-groove pliers and a rag to protect the finish. |
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Turn on the water and check for leaks | Make sure the client is happy with their new low-flow shower head. Document approval with their signature in the file |
Desired Outcome:
Energy and water use reduced while occupant needs for water flow maintained
Specification(s):
Replaced shower heads and faucet aerators will be recycled or disposed of properly
Objective(s):
Prevent the reuse of inefficient equipment and components
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Recycle or dispose of removed shower faucets and sink aerators to prevent their reuse. |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient hot water source selected that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership and operation
Specification(s):
Equipment will provide sufficient, affordable, safe, and healthy hot water for the occupant in accordance with IRC
Potential for solar hot water heating or other renewable energy systems will be assessed in selecting the hot water equipment
Potential for health and safety hazards (e.g., back drafting, flame rollout, obstructions) will be assessed in selecting equipment and the cost of remedying such problems will be included in any cost and benefit calculations
If a combustion based system is selected, it will be either direct vented or power vented, and ENERGY STAR® qualified or an Energy Factor (EF) of 0.58 or higher
If combustion equipment is selected, a low nitrogen oxide burner will be included
Equipment will be functional at high efficiency under all load conditions
Standby losses will be reduced to maximum potential
Fuel type will be selected based on affordability to occupant
Equipment will be freeze resistant or installed in a conditioned space
Efficiency of equipment will be maintained throughout life of system
Occupant control of hot water temperature will be provided on the equipment
The following will be determined from the occupant:
Objective(s):
Save energy and water
Protect the environment
Identify appliance options based on the needs and wants of the occupant
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient hot water source selected that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership and operation
Specification(s):
Water heater will be selected based on performance requirements of the occupant, available fuel sources, energy efficiency, and total life cycle cost
In very cold climates, on-demand water heaters will be sized to meet the demand of water flow at very low water intake temperatures
When evaluating an existing thermal solar water heating system, a solar expert should be consulted
The proper installation and maintenance of solar hot water systems is provided in the Uniform Solar Energy Code (USEC) and IRC
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment meets the occupant's expectations while providing efficient energy and water use
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Health concerns in the removal and replacement of equipment (e.g., asbestos, other hazardous materials) will be identified
Written notification will be provided to occupants of the discovery of hazardous material, including contact information for regional EPA asbestos coordinator
Occupant will be asked to contract with an EPA-certified asbestos contractor to conduct abatement before equipment removal and replacement (occupant is responsible for abatement or remediation)
Objective(s):
Remediate health hazards using EPA-certified contractors
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Accepted industry procedures and practices will be followed to:
All work shall be completed by a licensed plumbing professional where required by the authority having jurisdiction and installed to industry-accepted standards
Objective(s):
Ensure the safety of the workers and occupants
Preserve integrity of the building
Remove old equipment in a timely and efficient manner
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
New water heater and associated components will be installed to accepted industry standards, in accordance with the IRC and manufacturer specifications
The system will be installed to be freeze resistant
Any existing water leaks will be repaired before installation begins
Any penetrations to the exterior of the home created by the installation of the equipment will be sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure the safety of the workers and occupants
Preserve integrity of the building
Remove old equipment in a timely and efficient manner
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Expansion tanks will be installed where required and in accordance with the authority having jurisdiction
Expansion tanks will be installed only when water heaters are leaking and require replacement or when temperature & pressure relief valves are leaking.
Expansion tank installation will be as per local code requirements with water heater replacements.
Objective(s):
Protect the storage tank from expansion
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Need to eliminate the valves between the storage tank and expansion tank | Expansion tank is installed on the cold water supply side |
Appropriate licensing for installer required. Expansion tanks are only required to be installed only when in conjunction with new and replacement water heaters.
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Correct temperature and pressure relief valve will be installed in compliance with the IRC and according to manufacturer specifications
Temperature and pressure relief valve discharge tube will be installed in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Discharge excessive energy (pressure or temperature) from storage tank to safe location
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Before | Unsafe | After | Safe |
Water heaters should be not capped off at T&P valve | T&P discharge should be piped to a safe and observable location |
Tools:
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Materials:
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GOOD: | BAD: |
T&P discharge should be piped within 6" of the floor or to outdoors | T&P discharge should flow with gravity and be observable |
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BAD: |
T&P discharge should not be piped into drainage system |
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Dielectric unions will be installed in accordance with the IRC, authority having jurisdiction, and according to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Break the stray voltage electrical circuit through the storage tank
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Backflow prevention will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications and all applicable codes
Objective(s):
Protect water supply from contamination
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
If additional tank insulation is installed, it will be rated a minimum of R-11 and will be installed to manufacturer specifications
If additional insulation is installed, it will be installed based on fuel type, making sure not to obstruct draft diverter, pressure relief valve, thermostats, hi-limit switch, plumbing pipes or elements, and thermostat access plates
The first 6 feet of inlet and outlet piping will be insulated in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Combustible pipe insulation must maintain a minimum clearance of 6" from gas water heater draft hood and/or single wall metal pipe. Clearance from vent such as "B" vent should be maintained per vent manufacturer's specifications
Heat traps will be installed on the inlet and outlet piping where not provided by manufacturer
Objective(s):
Reduce standby loss from near tank piping and storage tank
Ensure insulation does not make contact with flue gas venting
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Before | After |
Uninsulated storage-type water heater | Storage-type water heater with additional insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Check warning labels on tanks. Not all water heaters may be insulated. Leave the tops of gas water heaters uninsulated, and be sure to keep combustion chamber access panels and combustion air holes uncovered. Cut out around thermostats on electric units. Use staples or zip ties to mechanically fasten insulation in place. Do not rely on tape alone to hold the tank wrap. Maintain proper clearance from gas appliance vents to combustibles.
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Clean the entire outside of the water heater | Wrap blanket around tank and mark it where it overlaps. Add two or three inches and cut off using a straightedge and razor |
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Cut the insulation off at the mark. Peel away the excess insulation, leaving a flap of vapor barrier | Pull insulation blanket around the tank |
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Staple the flap to the blanket with outward clinching staples or use long zip ties to secure the blanket in place | Cut out around drain valve, P&T relief valve, and thermostats. Do not cover combustion access or air supply on gas units |
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Use remaining insulation for the top of electric water heaters. Tape up seams in the vapor barrier. Insulate water lines |
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Electric or fossil fuel supply components will be installed to accepted industry standards as per NFPA 31 and 54, or NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC) for electric components, or authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Provide sufficient fuel to the water heater, burner, or element
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Discharge temperature will be set not to exceed 120° or as prescribed by local code
Objective(s):
Ensure safe hot water supply temperature to fixtures
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Unsafe | Safe |
Water heaters producing water over 120 degrees raise heating costs | Water heaters should produce water under 120 degrees to prevent scalding |
Tools:
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1 | 2 |
Test temperature of hot water at faucets in house | Hot water temperatures should not exceed 120 degrees Fahrenheit |
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3 | 4 |
Adjust water heater settings and insulate as needed | After adjustment and insulation, retest to verify temp is under 120 degrees |
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
The following will be checked once the system has been filled and purged:
Commissioning will be in compliance with manufacturer specifications and relevant industry standards
Objective(s):
Ensure safe system function
Keep cost of ownership as low as possible
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Carbon monoxide (CO) alarms will be installed in each dwelling in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2 and authority having local jurisdiction
Occupant will be provided information regarding the health effects and risk of high CO concentrations as well as a list of monitors that can provide more detail regarding CO levels
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant life safety; CO alarms are designed to detect levels at which occupants might become unable to evacuate
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Completed work will be reviewed
Occupants will be educated on the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of the system, including:
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is informed of the safe, efficient operation and maintenance of the system
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Health concerns in the removal and replacement of equipment (e.g., asbestos, other hazardous materials) will be identified
Written notification will be provided to occupants of the discovery of hazardous material, including contact information for regional EPA asbestos coordinator
Occupants will be asked to contract with an EPA-certified asbestos contractor to conduct abatement before equipment removal and replacement (occupant is responsible for abatement or remediation)
Objective(s):
Remediate health hazards using EPA-certified contractors
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Accepted industry procedures and practices will be followed to:
All work shall be completed by a licensed plumbing professional where required by the authority having jurisdiction and installed to industry-accepted standards
Objective(s):
Ensure the safety of the workers and occupants
Preserve integrity of the building
Remove old equipment in a timely and efficient manner
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
A new water heater and associated components will be installed to accepted industry standards, in accordance with the IRC, authority having jurisdiction and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure the safety of the workers and occupants
Preserve integrity of the building
Remove old equipment in a timely and efficient manner
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Correct temperature and pressure relief valve will be installed in compliance with the IRC and according to manufacturer specifications
Temperature and pressure relief valve discharge tube will be installed in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Discharge excessive energy (pressure or temperature) from storage tank to safe location
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Before | Unsafe | After | Safe |
Water heaters should be not capped off at T & P relief valve | T & P discharge should be piped to a safe and observable location |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Check local jurisdictional codes.
Paraphrased from IRC: Temperature and pressure relief valve discharge pipes should not be connected to drainage system. T & P discharge pipes should be a clean line without valve or tee, flowing with gravity to an observable and safe location that cannot cause personal injury or structural damage – the floor, an existing drain pan, a waste receptor, or to the outdoors. Pipe should not terminate more than 6 inches from floor, pan or waste receptor.
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GOOD: | BAD: |
T & P discharge should be piped within 6 inches of the floor or to outdoors | T & P discharge should flow with gravity and be observable |
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BAD: |
T & P discharge should not be piped into drainage system |
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Dielectric unions will be installed to accepted industry standards, in accordance with the IRC and according to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Break the stray voltage electrical circuit through the storage tank
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Backflow prevention will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
House water pressure and volume will be verified as sufficient to be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
All applicable codes will be followed
Objective(s):
Protect the water supply from contamination
Provide for sufficient volume and pressure
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Any accessible hot water lines at the appliance will be insulated to meet IRC or local requirements, whichever is greater.
Objective(s):
Reduce line losses
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After |
Insulate accessible pipes to R-3 or better |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Electric or fossil fuel supply components will be installed to accepted industry standards as per the IRC, NFGC and NFPA 31 and 54 for gas and oil, or NEC for electric
Energy input required by the appliance will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
All on-demand appliances will be installed per manufacturer recommendations/specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure adequate combustion air for operation of the appliance
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Before | After |
Best practice is to install on-demand water heaters as direct-vent units | If not installed as direct vent, refer to notes and images on following pages for required combustion air |
To determine adequate combustion air: add up the input Btus of all combustion appliances in the space and divide by 20. The result is the minimum required air volume in cubic feet (50 cubic feet per 1,000 input Btus). If the available volume is less than 50 cubic feet per 1,000 input Btus, provide additional combustion air as listed below for each circumstance, in accordance with the IRC G2407.
Image 1: For homes with one permanent opening, see IRC G2407.6.2 (304.6.2): a minimum free area of 1 in2 per 3,000 Btu/h (734 mm2/kW) of total input rating of all appliances
Image 2: For homes with two permanent vertical duct openings, see IRC G2407.6.1 (304.6.1): a minimum free area of 1 in2 per 4,000 Btu/h (550 mm2/kW) of total input rating of all appliances
Image 3: For homes with two permanent horizontal duct openings, see IRC G2407.6.1 (304.6.1): a minimum free area of 1 in2 per 2,000 Btu/h (1,100 mm2/kW) of total input rating of all appliances
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min free area of 1 sqin per 3,000 Btu/h (734 mm2/kW) of total input rating | min free area of 1 sqin per 4,000 Btu/h (550 mm2/kW) of total input rating |
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min free area of 1 sqin per 2,000 Btu/h (1100 mm2/kW) of total input rating |
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Combustion byproducts will be removed in accordance with the IRC, authority having jurisdiction, and manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure the safety and durability of the venting system
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Safe | Safe |
On-demand water heater combustion air intake and exhaust vent, interior view | On-demand water heater combustion air intake and exhaust vent |
Follow manufacturer's venting instructions for on-demand appliances. Local codes may be more stringent than the International Residential Code (IRC), which governs venting of gas appliances.
Do not locate vent terminals near dryer vents.
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Verify 12 inches between a vent terminal and any non-mechanical building vent or combustion air inlet from another appliance | Check that there is 12 inches between vent terminals and any operable door or window |
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Ensure 12 inches clearance from the edge of a vent to any inside corner of the building | Verify 12 inches between any two vent terminals |
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Verify vent terminals are least 3 feet higher than any mechanical air inlet closer than 10 feet away horizontally | Ensure there is 60 inches between terminals in line vertically |
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Verify vent terminals are 36" below any eave, soffit, porch, or deck within 24 horizontal inches of center of vent | Ensure that vents are at least 36" above grade, porch, deck, veranda, or snow line |
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Undiluted flue gases will be checked with a calibrated combustion analyzer in accordance with BPI-1100-T
If combustion is not in compliance with BPI-1100-T, diagnostics and adjustments will be done to manufacturer specifications or local codes
Objective(s):
Confirm that combustion is occurring safely with maximum efficiency
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Before |
Test flue gases with properly calibrated equipment |
Tools:
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The combustion analyzer shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations with available documentation traceable to the individual device.
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Verify that calibration date is current on combustion analyzer | Test flue gases for carbon monoxide at outlet of vent |
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Verify that carbon monoxide levels are within specifications |
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Electric or fossil fuel supply components will be installed to accepted industry standards as per the IRC, NFGC and NFPA 31 and 54 for gas and oil, or NEC for electric
Energy input required by the appliance will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Provide sufficient fuel to the water heater burner or element
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
The volume and pressure of the water supplied to the appliance will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Provide sufficient volume and pressure of water to the appliance
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Discharge temperature will be set in accordance with manufacturer instructions and in compliance with local codes
Use extreme caution when temperature setting is above 120°F
Objective(s):
Ensure safe hot water supply temperature to fixtures
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Unsafe | Safe |
Hot water temperature over 120°F | Hot water temperature under 120°F |
Tools:
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Use a thermometer to measure hot water temperature. 120°F is the recommended setting
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
The following will be checked once the system has been connected and filled:
Manufacturer specifications and all relevant industry standards will be met in commissioning
Objective(s):
Ensure system functions safely with lowest possible cost of ownership
Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
All homes will have a CO alarm
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Carbon Monoxide alarms should be installed according to local codes | Alarms should be mounted near sleeping areas–such as the one marked in red |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Safe and reliable hot water source provided that meets occupant needs at lowest possible cost of ownership
Specification(s):
Completed work will be reviewed
Occupants will be educated on the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of the system, including:
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is informed of the safe, efficient operation and maintenance of the system
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Combustion safety testing will be performed in accordance with the Health & Safety Chapter of the Standard Work Specifications for Single Family Housing or other equivalent practice
Electrical components will be verified to comply with NEC (e.g., no electrical box connector, no disconnect, improperly sized breaker and wire)
Objective(s):
Identify potential health and safety issues
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Before | After |
Complete combustion safety testing to ensure healthy, safe work environment | When completed work, retest to verify home is still healthy and safe |
Tools:
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Materials:
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See also 2.0201.2a for Outside Combustion Air Requirements and 2.0602.2c for Electrical Tool Safety.
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Inspection will be conducted to show compliance with the IRC, including but not limited to:
Objective(s):
Determine needed repairs or maintenance
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In Progress | In Progress |
Inspect for rust, corrosion, and dust around draft diverter. Verify diverter is centered and fastened. Check T & P valve | Inspect for signs of flame rollout, thermostat and gas valve condition, and proper T & P relief valve termination |
Tools:
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Check draft diverter alignment | Inspect for rust, corrosion, and leaks |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Water heater storage tanks shall have a minimum R-value of R-11, unless the SIR to add insulation is less than 1.0
Added insulation will not obstruct the unit's draft diverter, pressure relief valve, thermostats, hi-limit switch, plumbing pipes or elements, and thermostat access plates
The first 6' of inlet and outlet piping will be insulated in accordance with IRC or local requirements, whichever is greater
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Standard water heaters have built-in insulation ranging from R-7 to R-20. | Storage-type water heaters should be wrapped to bring total value to R-24 |
Objective(s):
Reduce standby losses from near tank piping and storage tank
Ensure insulation does not make contact with flue gas venting
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Check occupant's water heater model to see what R-value is built-in | Blanket does not obstruct draft diverter or plumbing pipes and elements |
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Wrap does not obstruct ventilation, thermostat access plate, hi-limit switch, or fuel line | Data plate should still be accessible after wrapping |
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Water lines must be insulated a minimum of 6 feet (to a maximum of 18 feet, if cost effective) of the hot or inlet piping and a minimum of 6 feet of outlet piping in all directions from the water heater, using properly sized preformed pipe wrap or insulation specifically designed as pipe wrap. |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Correct temperature and pressure relief valve will be installed in compliance with the IRC and according to manufacturer specifications
Temperature and pressure relief valve discharge tube will be installed in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Discharge excessive energy (pressure or temperature) from storage tank to safe location
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Before | Unsafe | After | Safe |
Water heaters should be not capped off at T & P valve | T&P discharge should be piped to a safe and observable location |
Tools:
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Materials:
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GOOD: | BAD: |
T&P discharge should be piped within 6 inches of the floor or to outdoors | T&P discharge should flow with gravity and be observable |
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BAD: |
T&P discharge should not be piped into drainage system |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Occupants will be advised to keep records of all maintenance done to their system
Copies of or access to installation and operation manuals will be provided
Objective(s):
Provide a history of system installation and maintenance to improve chance of successful future maintenance or repair
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Carbon monoxide (CO) alarms will be installed in each dwelling in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2 and authority having local jurisdiction
Occupant will be provided information regarding the health effects and risk of high CO concentrations as well as a list of monitors that can provide more detail regarding CO levels
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant life safety
Inform occupant regarding possible CO hazards
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Completed work will be reviewed
Occupants will be educated on the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of the system, including:
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is informed of the safe, efficient operation and maintenance of the system
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Combustion safety testing will be performed in accordance with the Health & Safety Chapter of the Standard Work Specifications for Single Family Housing or other equivalent practice
Electrical components will be verified to comply with NEC (e.g., no electrical box connector, no disconnect, improperly sized breaker and wire)
Objective(s):
Identify potential health and safety issues
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Safe | Best Practice |
On-demand water heater | Check carbon monoxide levels in the appliance vent |
Tools:
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Materials:
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See also SWS 2.0201.2a for Outside Combustion Air Requirements and SWS 2.0602.2c for Electrical Tool Safety.
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Inspection will be conducted to show compliance with the IRC, including but not limited to:
Objective(s):
Determine needed repairs or maintenance
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Check installation and ensure it meets manufacturer's instructions and local codes |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Correct temperature and pressure relief valve will be installed in compliance with the IRC and according to manufacturer specifications
Temperature and pressure relief valve discharge tube will be installed in accordance with the IRC
Objective(s):
Discharge excessive energy (pressure or temperature) from storage tank to safe location
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Undiluted flue gases will be checked with a calibrated combustion analyzer in accordance with BPI-1100-T
If combustion is not in compliance with BPI-1100-T, diagnostics and adjustments will be done to manufacturer specifications or local codes
Objective(s):
Perform combustion testing
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Best Practice |
Test flue gases at outlet of vent to verify carbon monoxide levels are within specifications |
Tools:
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Verify that calibration date is current on combustion analyzer | Test flue gases for carbon monoxide at outlet of vent |
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Verify that carbon monoxide levels are within specifications |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
If sealed combustion has not been installed:
Combustion and ventilation (excess air) requirements of gas-fired appliances, including provision of outside and inside air to account for building tightness, will be provided
The minimum required volume will be 50 cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/h in accordance with IRC
If needed, additional combustion air will be provided in accordance with IRC
Objective(s):
Ensure adequate combustion air for operation of the appliance
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Condition of venting will be inspected in accordance with Section 504 IFGC for gas water heaters or NFPA 31 for oil water heaters
Objective(s):
Verify proper venting of flue gases
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Before | After |
Inspect direct vents for proper connections, rust, corrosion, and clearances | Inspect direct venting for proper connections, rust, corrosion, and clearances |
Tools:
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Check that all connections are secure, free of rust and corrosion, and that vents are made from the proper material. Verify that sealed combustion units are installed as direct vents, that is, with both combustion air intakes and exhaust gas vents connected.
Check that terminal locations are in accordance with the IRC, manufacturer's instructions, and/or local codes.
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Verify 12 inches between a vent terminal and any non-mechanical building vent or combustion air inlet from another appliance | Check that there is 12 inches between vent terminals and any operable door or window |
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Ensure 12 inches clearance from the edge of a vent to any inside corner of the building | Verify 12 inches between any two vent terminals |
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Verify vent terminals are least 3 feet higher than any mechanical air inlet closer than 10 feet away horizontally | Ensure there is 60 inches between terminals in line vertically |
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Verify vent terminals are 36" below any eave, soffit, porch, or deck within 24 horizontal inches of center of vent | Ensure that vents are at least 36" above grade, porch, deck, veranda, or snow line |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Condition of fuel supply components will be checked in accordance with NFPA 31 for oil, NFPA 54 for gas, NFPA 58 for propane, or NFPA 70 National Electric Code for electric, and authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Verify sufficient fuel to the water heater burner and element
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Best Practice |
Inspect fuel supply and verify that sizing and capacity are correct |
Tools:
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Inspect gas lines for corrosion, leaky fittings, worn flex lines, sediment traps and drip legs, and kinked copper | Inspect LP gas tanks for corrosion, proper location, leaky fittings, and kinked or damaged copper |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Water supplied to the appliance will be of sufficient volume and pressure to be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Verify sufficient volume and pressure of water to the appliance
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Best Practice |
Testing water supply pressure |
Tools:
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Check manufacturer's specifications for flow and pressure requirements. System pressure may be easily measured with a pressure gauge attached to a hose bib or faucet. Pipe sizing calculations (to ensure adequate flow rates) are best left to a licensed plumber or mechanical contractor.
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Discharge temperature will be set not to exceed 120°F or in accordance with local code, whichever is lower
Objective(s):
Ensure safe hot water supply temperature to fixtures
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Unsafe | Safe |
Water heaters producing water over 120 degrees raise heating costs | Water heaters should produce water under 120 degrees to prevent scalding |
Tools:
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Test temperature of hot water at faucets in house | Hot water temperatures should not exceed 120 degrees Fahrenheit |
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Adjust water heater settings and insulate as needed | After adjustment and insulation, retest to verify temp is under 120 degrees F |
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
The following will be tested:
Manufacturer specifications and all relevant industry standards will be met
Objective(s):
Ensure system functions safely with lowest possible cost of ownership
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Occupants will be advised to keep records of all maintenance done to their system
Copies of or access to installation and operation manuals will be provided
Objective(s):
Improve chance of successful future maintenance or repair
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
All homes will have a carbon monoxide (CO) alarm
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Desired Outcome:
Safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the appliance maintained
Specification(s):
Completed work will be reviewed
Occupants will be educated on the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of the system, including:
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is informed of the safe, efficient operation and maintenance of the system
Desired Outcome:
Manufactured home is properly installed
Specification(s):
Any installation deficiencies that may affect worker safety or integrity or installed measures will be repaired before starting work
Objective(s):
Ensure site is safe and ready for upgrade
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Unsafe | Safe |
The concrete pad is not centered under the pier, rendering the pier susceptible to tilting or collapse | Approved, properly installed piers, anchors, and tie downs |
Tools:
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Inspect homes for safety before work. Look for stuck doors and windows, buckled siding, and loose tie-downs as evidence of settling. Inspect piers to ensure that they are solid and level. Check for loose or missing wooden shims and wedges. Inspect anchors and straps for tightness and proper installation per manufacturer's recommendations.
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Carefully inspect the foundation piers. Look for loose or missing shims and wedges |
Desired Outcome:
Manufactured home is properly installed
Specification(s):
Home must be stabilized in accordance with manufacturer specifications or local authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Ensure the home is secured properly
Prevent injury
Minimize exposure to health and safety hazards
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Unsafe | Safe |
Unstable mobile homes are unsafe work environments. Do not crawl under mobiles that are not stabilized | Properly stabilized homes have a solid foundation and have anchored straps, unless otherwise indicated by manufacturer |
Desired Outcome:
Isolate combustion water heater closet from conditioned space
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure combustion appliance is functioning safely
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Isolate combustion water heater closet from conditioned space
Specification(s):
When the water heater closet contains a heater that is not sealed combustion or power vented, the closet will be isolated/separated from the rest of the home through air sealing with fire-rated materials, if feasible
Avoiding frozen pipes must be considered without creating an additional utility burden (e.g., heat tape)
Objective(s):
Prevent combustion gases from entering living area and minimize extension of interior pressures caused by exhaust fan, dryers, and interior door closure into the water heater closet
Desired Outcome:
Isolate combustion water heater closet from conditioned space
Specification(s):
Only noncombustible materials will be used in contact with chimneys, vents, and flues
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Best Practice | After |
When sealing around combustion flue penetrations, use appropriate materials | 26-gauge steel sheeting and high temp caulk should be used to seal around flue |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Isolate combustion water heater closet from conditioned space
Specification(s):
Blower door assisted zonal pressure diagnostics will be used to verify isolation has been achieved
Objective(s):
Prevent combustion gases from entering living area
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Before | After |
The reading is closer to 0, indicating strong connection to the inside. | The reading is closer to 50, indicating strong connection to the outside. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier that provides ongoing access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
If existing conditions of the ground and skirting mandates, a moisture barrier that covers the crawl space ground will be installed with allowances for structural supports (piers) and accessibility
Objective(s):
Reduce ground moisture entering crawl space
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Before | After |
Manufactured home crawl space with incomplete ground vapor barrier | Manufactured home crawl space with complete ground vapor barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Aim for complete coverage. If access to the entire crawl space is impossible, cover all accessible areas. Overlap seams in vapor barrier by at least twelve inches, and seal them with waterproof tape and/or polyurethane caulk or adhesive. Wrap and cover support piers at least twelve inches high.
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Remove skirting as needed for access to crawl space | Measure, cut, and spread vapor barrier material after removing debris over 1/2" in size. Notch around obstructions |
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Wrap piers and columns at least six inches high. Use additional material to cover any gaps and holes in vapor barrier | Secure vapor barrier to ground with corrosion-resistant landscape staples, or weigh it down with ballast |
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Remove tools and excess material | Reinstall skirting |
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier that provides ongoing access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
A ground moisture barrier with a rating of no more than 0.1 perm will be used
A ground moisture barrier will be used that meets tear and puncture resistance standard ASTM E1745
Homeowner will be advised that all plastic is biodegradable and will have a life span much shorter than the home (5 years), and it will need replacing to remain effective
Objective(s):
Ensure crawl space is accessible for service and maintenance without damaging the integrity of the ground moisture barrier
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Barrier must be at least 6 mil, able to withstand puncture and last 10 years | Talk to occupant about expected life of ground barrier and eventual need to replace it |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier that provides ongoing access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
When seams exist, they will be overlapped a minimum of 12 inches using reverse or upslope lapping technique
Objective(s):
Keep water under the liner
Reduce likelihood of damage at seams
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Layer moisture barrier in a reverse shingle pattern so that uphill sheeting lays under downhill | Once layered, secure seams with landscape staples or tape |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Two different colors of poly used to highlight different layers
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Determine which direction ground slopes and, if not working from uphill down, fold back barrier at lower areas | Measure uphill barrier at least 12 inches and mark where downhill barrier should reach |
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Layer downhill barrier over uphill to marked position, overlapping 12 inches, in reverse shingle pattern | Fasten seam with tape or landscape staples to prevent barrier from moving and allowing moisture infiltration |
Desired Outcome:
Durable, effective ground moisture barrier that provides ongoing access and minimizes ground vapor
Specification(s):
Ground moisture barrier may be fastened to ground with durable fasteners
Objective(s):
Prevent movement of the ground moisture barrier
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Taping seams with waterproof adhesive tape can prevent barrier from moving | Fasten moisture barrier in place using ballast or corrosion-resistant fasteners, such as landscaping staples |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
A dry and moisture controlled space ensured
Specification(s):
Vents and other openings will be closed after ensuring sufficient combustion air for fuel burning appliances in accordance with IRC
Objective(s):
Reduce moisture load coming from outside of the crawl space
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Before | Best Practice |
Verify that adequate combustion air is available before closing vents | Closed manufactured home foundation vent |
IRC requires 50 cubic feet of volume in spaces where combustion appliances are located for every 1,000 Btuh of input. Ensure this requirement is met before closing off crawl space vents.
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Close vents to reduce moisture load from outdoor air |
Desired Outcome:
A dry and moisture controlled space ensured
Specification(s):
If liquid moisture is present, the area will be dried until any liquid moisture is eliminated
Objective(s):
Reduce moisture in the crawl space
Improve work environment
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Before | After |
Eliminate water in crawl space before work | Dry crawl space |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
A dry and moisture controlled space ensured
Specification(s):
Space will be dehumidified until wood moisture content in solid, untreated lumber is less than 20%
Objective(s):
Reduce moisture content of wood
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After | |
After correcting drainage and bulk moisture issues, use portable dehumidifiers to dry the space | Space has been dehumidified until moisture content in untreated lumber is less than 20% |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Pollutants are effectively vented
Specification(s):
Pier and skirting foundations will be vented in accordance with local climate conditions or code as required
Objective(s):
Provide ventilation for pollutant sources (e.g., moisture, radon, soil gases)
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After |
Use ventilated skirting as required by local code |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Pollutants are effectively vented
Specification(s):
Occupants will be educated on purpose, operation, and maintenance of vents
Objective(s):
Ensure vents function as intended
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Teach homeowners how and when to operate foundation vents |
Instruct homeowners that vents are intended to provide a path to outdoors for pollutants and soil moisture. Ideal settings for vents may be climate-dependents, but typically vents may be closed throughout the fall and winter when the air is relatively dry to conserve heat. They can be reopened when warmer weather begins in spring.
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Close vents in fall or winter when heating season starts | Open foundation vents in spring time when weather warms |
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of static electric shock to the insulation installer when using rigid tubing
Specification(s):
Rigid fill tubes will be made of a material that will not hold an electric charge, such as Schedule 40 PVC Electrical Conduit, or be grounded
Objective(s):
Prevent injury to the installer
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Best Practice |
Rigid fill tubes should be low-conductivity and be grounded |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Select rigid fill tubes that are low conductivity – Schedule 40 PVC fill tube | Attach grounding wire to fill tubes to minimize shock risk |
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Attach grounding wire to rod with coupler | Blow insulation |
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of static electric shock to the insulation installer when using rigid tubing
Specification(s):
For an additional level of protection, the metal coupler on the hose will be connected to the grounding wire
Grounding wire will be connected to the grounding rod
Grounding rod will be driven into the ground a minimum of 8' when possible; grounding wire will be connected in compliance with local code and authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Divert static discharge of electricity to ground instead of installer
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Ungrounded fill tubes can build up static electricity during insulation blowing | Fill tubes should be grounded to prevent electric shock to workers |
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of injury to the installer and occupant, and prevent damage to the structure, if required by authority having jurisdiction
Specification(s):
Metal skin and frame will be grounded through the panel box to avoid electrical shock
Objective(s):
Prevent injury to the installer
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Locate 6- or 8-gauge solid copper ground wire in panel box | Verify that the ground wire is attached to the chassis (and metal siding if so equipped) |
Tools:
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The frame and metal siding ground wire attachment points can be found under the home below the electric service entrance and panel box.
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of injury to the installer and occupant, and prevent damage to the structure, if required by authority having jurisdiction
Specification(s):
For an additional level of protection, metal fill tube will be connected to the grounding wire
Grounding wire will be connected to the copper grounding rod that is driven into the ground a minimum of 8' when possible and required by code or authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Divert house electric current to ground instead of installer in the event of contact with a live wire
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
To prevent static electric shock, a grounding rod should be utilized | Attach grounding wire to metal of fill tube, not to flexible tubing |
Tools:
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Materials:
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A copper grounding rod should be submerged at least 8 feet underground | Attach grounding wire to grounding rod with acorn coupler |
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Attach grounding wire to metal fill tube with metal coupler | Proceed with blowing insulation without fear of static shock |
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of injury to the installer and occupant, and prevent damage to the structure, if required by authority having jurisdiction
Specification(s):
An electrical safety assessment will be performed
All electric tools will be protected by ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)
Three-wire type extension cords will be used with portable electric tools
Worn or frayed electric cords will not be used
Water sources (e.g., condensate pans) and electrical sources will be kept separate
Metal ladders will be avoided
Aluminum foil products will be kept away from live wires
For arc flash hazards, NFPA will be consulted
Objective(s):
Avoid electrical shock and arc flash hazards
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Unsafe | Best Practice |
Inspect house for unsafe electrical situations | Attics and crawl spaces should be inspected closely for electrical safety before work begins |
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Use GFCIs and three-wire extension cords for all power tools | Electrical wiring should not be located near a water source |
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Use fiberglass ladders in place of metal | Follow NFPA guidelines for arc flash hazards |
Desired Outcome:
Prevention of injury to the installer and occupant, and prevent damage to the structure, if required by authority having jurisdiction
Specification(s):
If aluminum wiring is present, work on the home will be stopped until the suspect wiring is inspected and determined to be safe by a licensed electrician
After energy retrofit is completed, wiring will be re-inspected by a licensed electrician
Objective(s):
Prevent injury to installer and occupant
Prevent damage to structure
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Unsafe | Safe |
Have a certified electrician perform a load test before any weatherization work if aluminum wire is present. | This panel does not contain aluminum wire. |
Tools:
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Check for the presence of aluminum wire (identified by its light gray color). If aluminum wire is present, do not work on the home until a certified electrician has performed a thorough inspection and determined that the wiring is safe.
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Inspect panel box for presence of (silver or gray colored) aluminum wire | Have a certified electrician inspect every aluminum wire connection in the home |
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After electrician verifies wiring is safe, proceed with retrofit work | Perform retrofit measures |
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Perform retrofit measures. When retrofit is complete, have certified electrician re-check wiring for safety |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected material and the characteristics of the penetration or hole
The infill or backing will not bend, sag, or move once installed
All accessible damaged vapor barriers will be repaired
Penetration through the air barrier will be repaired
Objective(s):
Ensure closure is permanent and supports any load (e.g., wind, insulation, mechanical pressures)
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
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Before | After |
Gaps around floor penetrations, such as plumbing, HVAC, and electrical | Gaps should be sealed to maintain air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Prepare work space by removing any insulation | Infill with backer rod |
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Apply appropriate caulking to ensure backing/infill does not move | Visually inspect to verify no gaps remain |
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Patch holes in air and/or vapor barriers as well | Repair vapor barrier |
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Complete seal |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Sealants will be used to fill holes no larger than recommended by manufacturer specifications
Sealants will be compatible with all adjoining surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, according to authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Create a permanent seal
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
Create a continuous seal
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Avoid sealants that do not allow for expansion between dissimilar materials | Flexible sealants compensate for differential expansion and maintain a seal |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Caulking can be used to span gaps up to 1/4 inch | Spray foam can be used to span gaps up to 3 inches |
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Check manufacturer specifications to verify spanning capabilities | Also check manufacturer specs for incompatibility with intended surfaces |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Ceiling repair material must meet or exceed strength of existing ceiling material
Ceiling repair must span from truss to truss or add blocking as needed for support
The backing or infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
All accessible damaged vapor barriers will be repaired
Penetrations through the air barrier must be repaired
Objective(s):
Ensure ceiling is structurally sound
Minimize air leakage
Ensure closure is permanent and supports expected wind and mechanical pressure loads
Ensure sealant does not fall out
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Before | In Progress |
Hole in drywall ceiling | Drywall patch in place |
Tools:
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Materials:
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For holes in paneled ceilings, use matching panels for repairs. Consider replacing entire sections to avoid creating unsightly mismatched patches. For small holes, enlarge to a rectangular shape and install 1 X 4 blocks above two edges of the hole. For larger holes, enlarge opening to centers of nearest trusses and fasten the patch to the framing.
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Replace any missing insulation and repair holes in vapor barrier | Prepare the hole by cutting the edges clean and square |
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Cut drywall and fasten in place | Add joint tape and first coat of joint compound |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Materials will be used or installed in accordance with product manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
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Best Practice |
Choose durable, high quality sealants that are compatible with existing materials |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to prevent air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Only noncombustible materials will be used in contact with chimneys, vents, and flues Local codes will be referenced
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Gaps around combustion exhaust flues need to be sealed | Sealed penetrations and chases should utilize high-temperature materials |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Prepare work area by removing any insulation and debris | Use high-temperature caulking (600F min) |
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Apply first ring of caulking to match shape of opening | Apply second ring of caulking to size and shape of rigid material |
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Fasten rigid material and apply additional caulking | Fasten rigid material to cover penetration and seal against flue with caulk |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Like material and/or compatible materials will be used for repairs
Materials will be selected to comply with manufactured housing rules and regulations (e.g., Manufactured Housing Institute)
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
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Before | After |
Hole in exterior wall of manufactured home aluminum siding | Completed wall patch |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Replace damaged siding | Use siding that matches the existing material's contour, texture, and color |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
All holes and penetrations on exterior surface of exterior walls will be sealed to ensure resistance to outdoor elements
Intentionally ventilated walls will not be sealed at vent locations (e.g., weep holes)
All holes and penetrations on the interior surface of exterior walls will be repaired
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Maintain durability
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports expected load
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
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Before | After |
Hole in exterior wall of manufactured home aluminum siding | Completed wall patch |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Seams on aluminum siding must be tight. | Through the wall exhaust fan sealing. |
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Do not seal intentionally ventilated wall assemblies! | Backing or infill substrate may be needed for some wall patches. |
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Exterior electrical outlet sealing. |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
All accessible holes and penetrations in top and bottom plates will be sealed
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Maintain durability
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports expected wind and mechanical pressure loads
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
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Before | After |
Unsealed penetrations through top plate | Sealed wiring penetrations through top plate |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Locate and expose penetrations to prepare for sealant | Use caulk or foam (approved by local code) to seal wiring penetrations through top plate |
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Ensure that all accessible gaps, holes, and penetrations are filled |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Like material and/or compatible materials will be used for repairs
Materials will be selected to comply with manufactured housing rules and regulations (e.g., Manufactured Housing Institute)
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
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Before | In Progress |
Identify wall material and patch holes with like material, such as drywall or paneling | Patch has been cut from drywall the same thickness as existing wall material |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs to maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs to maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
All accessible holes and penetrations in top and bottom plates will be sealed
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Maintain durability
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports expected wind and mechanical pressure loads
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
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Before | After |
Cobwebs may indicate air leaks at the marriage line | Completed air sealing at marriage line |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Clean belly wrap before air sealing | Stuff wide gaps in the marriage line with fiberglass insulation or foam backer rod before applying sealant |
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Apply foam or caulking over backer |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs to maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
All accessible holes and penetrations at marriage lines will be sealed continuously at end walls, floors, and ceiling
Backing or infill will be provided at the marriage line as needed
All remaining gaps will be sealed with an approved material
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Maintain durability
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
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Identify leaks in marriage line using a blower door |
Tools:
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Materials:
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You may need to remove trim to determine what type of sealing is needed at the marriage line. Some original installations use a compressed open-cell polyurethane foam sealing strip with excellent air sealing properties and will need little or no additional work. Other installations may feature fiberglass or other ineffective air sealing measures and require extensive caulking and foaming to reduce air infiltration. Use a blower door to pressurize the house and use smoke to pinpoint leak locations.
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Identify leaks in marriage line using a blower door and smoke | Foam, caulk, and seal leaks between halves of double wide manufactured homes |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs to maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Materials will be used or installed in accordance with product manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
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Before | After |
Hole in exterior wall of manufactured home aluminum siding | Completed wall patch |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise; documentation of testing results will be kept on file
EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Program Rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
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EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
All egress windows will be operable as required by local codes
All egress doors will be operable as required by local codes
Objective(s):
Maintain operability of egress windows and doors
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Safe |
Windows and doors should be free and clear of obstructions and operate smoothly with no special knowledge. |
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Window sill height should be no more than 44 inches from the floor. | Egress windows should be more than 24 inches high. |
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Egress windows should be more than 20 inches wide. | Doors should open easily from the inside, with no key or special knowledge of the locking system. |
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Manufactured housing should have two egress doors located away from one another. Stairs or ramps may be needed outside. |
Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Details that reduce air infiltration will be repaired, replaced, sealed, or installed (e.g., plastic gliders, weather-stripping, cranks, latches, locks, knobs, thresholds)
Objective(s):
Reduce air infiltration
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Before | After |
Light visible through door jamb indicates air infiltration | After weather-stripping and adjustment of door in jamb, air infiltration is eliminated |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Door jamb is missing any weather-stripping | Measure door jamb for weather-stripping |
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Install new weather-strip | Measure bottom of door for door sweep |
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Install new door sweep | Adjust strike-plate and door jambs as necessary to secure a good fit |
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If properly adjusted, light should no longer be visible around door and air movement should no longer be detected |
If the interior and/or exterior panes of door glass are broken, the door glass must be replaced.
Glass over 1 sq. ft. must be replaced with safety glass and 1 sq. ft. or less must be replaced with a standard glass pane.
Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Details that reduce water infiltration will be repaired, replaced, or installed (e.g., replace missing glazing on sash, exterior caulking, exterior storm windows, storm doors, drip cap, J-channel, flashing)
Objective(s):
Reduce water infiltration
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Install and caulk drip caps over manufactured home windows | Install and caulk drip caps over manufactured home doors |
Tools:
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Materials:
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If the interior and/or exterior panes of door glass are broken, the door glass must be replaced.
Glass over 1 sq. ft. must be replaced with safety glass and 1 sq. ft. or less must be replaced with a standard glass pane.
Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Materials will be used or installed in accordance with product manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
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Best Practice |
Read manufacturer specifications to ensure proper use of materials |
Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Windows and doors will be adjusted to properly fit the jamb and allow for ease of operation and security
Objective(s):
Ensure proper operation of the window, door, and hardware
Ensure air and watertight installation
Desired Outcome:
Windows and doors are operable, sealed, and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Occupants will be notified of changes or repairs made and will be educated on how to operate and maintain windows and doors
Objective(s):
Ensure long-term weather-tightness
Desired Outcome:
Minimize air infiltration through existing leaky windows while maintaining safe egress for occupants
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Minimize air infiltration through existing leaky windows while maintaining safe egress for occupants
Specification(s):
Fixed interior storm windows will not be installed in egress locations
Objective(s):
Safety
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Unsafe | Safe |
Do not install fixed storm windows in bedroom windows designated as egress locations | Fixed storm windows may be installed in non-egress locations only |
Storm windows installed in egress (bedroom) windows must be operable or removable, and conform to the following standard: Voluntary Standard Egress Window Systems for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, AAMA 1704-85
Desired Outcome:
Minimize air infiltration through existing leaky windows while maintaining safe egress for occupants
Specification(s):
Operable interior storm windows will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Provide safe egress for occupants
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Before | After |
No interior storm window has been installed. | Storm window has been installed according to manufacturer's specifications and operates smoothly. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Ensure the perimeter surfaces are clean and ready to accept sealant. | Install weather-strip or other appropriate sealant to the perimeter of the opening. |
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Install the window, ensuring it is level in the opening. | Secure the window to the opening, being sure the mechanical frasteners compress the desired sealant. |
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Storm window has been installed according to manufacturer's specifications and operates smoothly. |
Desired Outcome:
Minimize air infiltration through existing leaky windows while maintaining safe egress for occupants
Specification(s):
Interior storm windows will be operable and egress rated in egress locations
Objective(s):
Provide safe egress for occupants
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Safe |
Only operable storm windows conforming to HUD standards may be installed in egress (bedroom) windows |
Storm windows installed in egress (bedroom) windows must be operable or removable, and conform to the following standard: Voluntary Standard Egress Window Systems for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, AAMA 1704-85
Desired Outcome:
Minimize air infiltration through existing leaky windows while maintaining safe egress for occupants
Specification(s):
Occupants will be educated on the proper use and maintenance of storm windows
Objective(s):
Ensure weather-tightness and safety
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure that work space is safe and ready for glass replacement
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise; documentation of testing results will be kept on file
EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Program Rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
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EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint Assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact
Specification(s):
Damaged glass will be removed
Objective(s):
Safely remove old glass
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Before | In Progress |
Broken or cracked window glass should be replaced to minimize air leakage | Broken glass needs to be cleared away completely before installing new glass |
Tools:
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Remove exterior stops–these will probably not be salvageable | Wearing protective gloves, remove large glass pieces carefully |
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Sweep up all remaining small glass slivers | Sash should be completely clear of debris before moving forward with installation |
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact
Specification(s):
Opening will be cleaned
Original sealant/material will be removed
Objective(s):
Prepare opening for new glass
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In Progress | In Progress |
Remove all debris, glazing tape, and glass from sash | Sash surface must be clean before mounting new glass |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Clean all sealant and glazing off sash to return to smooth surface | Clean sash with cleaning solution and lint-free cloth. Allow to dry before applying sealant |
Desired Outcome:
Glass complete and intact
Specification(s):
Replacement glass will be sized to original width, height, and depth
Stops will be replaced or installed
Glass will be sealed in accordance with original installation design
Glass will be selected with comparable tint and coating (color and look)
Tempered or safety glass will be used as required by local code
Objective(s):
Install, seal, and secure new glass in place
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In Progress | After |
Sash should be completely clear debris before installing new glass | Replacement glass should match previous tint and dimensions, and be tempered, if location requires it |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Measure sash for width of replacement glass – cut glass to 1/4" less than sash width | Measure sash for height of replacement glass – cut glass to 1/4" less than sash height |
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Apply sealant to sash with bead at least 3/16" wide | Run sealant bead around entire sash to seal glass from the interior |
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Install new glass, ensuring 1/8" gap from frame on all sides | Apply glazing or install replacement stops to seal window from exterior |
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Clean glass to ensure than no out of place adhesive or glazing remains to bake onto glass |
Desired Outcome:
Smooth operation and an airtight and weather-tight fit of replacement windows and doors
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Smooth operation and an airtight and weather-tight fit of replacement windows and doors
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise; documentation of testing results will be kept on file
EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Program Rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
|
EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Smooth operation and an airtight and weather-tight fit of replacement windows and doors
Specification(s):
Window or door units will be designed for manufactured home use and will be ENERGY STAR® qualified
Rough opening will be measured before ordering replacements
Access to emergency egress points, such as primary windows or exit doors, will be considered during the selection of retrofit window or door units
In cases where the exterior walls in the manufactured home will accept house type replacement windows, they may be installed
Objective(s):
Ensure proper size, type, and operation of window or door
Desired Outcome:
Smooth operation and an airtight and weather-tight fit of replacement windows and doors
Specification(s):
Existing units will be removed Opening will be cleaned
Any damaged framing will be replaced
Opening for installation will be prepared in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Provide a clean opening for replacement unit
Desired Outcome:
Smooth operation and an airtight and weather-tight fit of replacement windows and doors
Specification(s):
Window or door units will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure replacement window or door operates properly
Ensure replacement window or door has a weather-tight fit
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Window is installed per manufacturer's specifications and adheres to local codes. | Door is installed to manufacturer's specifications and adheres to local codes. |
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Door has a lockset that is easily operable from the inside without a key or special instruction. | Egress doors are the proper width for egress. |
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Egress doors are the proper height for egress. | Windows are the proper height for egress. |
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Windows are the proper width for egress. | Window sill height is within code guidelines. |
Desired Outcome:
Smooth operation and an airtight and weather-tight fit of replacement windows and doors
Specification(s):
Egress windows will only be replaced with egress windows
Objective(s):
Provide safe egress for occupants
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Safe |
Egress window in bedroom of manufactured house |
Windows installed in egress (bedroom) windows must conform to the following standard: Voluntary Standard Egress Window Systems for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, AAMA 1704-85
Desired Outcome:
Smooth operation and an airtight and weather-tight fit of replacement windows and doors
Specification(s):
Occupants will be notified of changes or repairs made and will be educated on how to operate and maintain window or door
Objective(s):
Ensure long-term weather-tightness
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Patching material will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the bottom board material and the characteristics of the hole
Patch will have a service life of a minimum of 20 years
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage Keep insulation in place
Ensure repair materials are compatible
Ensure patch will support insulation
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Patching will be provided as needed to meet both the specific characteristics of the bottom board material and the characteristics of the hole
Patch will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Patch will be permanent
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Ensure repair materials are compatible
Minimize hole size to ensure successful use of sealant
Ensure closure is permanent and supports insulation
Ensure sealant does not fall out
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Combustion air supplies will be labeled for identification and will not be blocked or sealed
Penetrations will be sealed to meet both the specific characteristics of the bottom board material and the characteristics (hole size and type) of the penetrations (e.g., electrical, PVC, gas line, dryer vent)
The patch will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Objective(s):
Ensure combustion equipment is not compromised
Minimize air leakage around penetrations
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Before | After |
Unsealed penetration through bottom board | Properly sealed penetration through manufactured home bottom board |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Label combustion air inlets with the words, "DO NOT SEAL" | Seal around penetrations with compatible materials like foam board, belly board, house wrap, or Flex Mend (tm) |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Materials will be selected to comply with manufactured housing rules and regulations (e.g., Manufactured Housing Institute)
Surface preparation and material selected will be used or installed in accordance with product manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
The backing or infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Objective(s):
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports expected load
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
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Gaps around floor penetrations, such as plumbing, HVAC, and electrical | Gaps should be sealed to maintain air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Prepare work space by removing any insulation | Infill with backer rod |
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Apply appropriate caulking to ensure backing/infill does not move | Visually inspect to verify no gaps remain |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Sealants will be used to fill holes no larger than recommended by manufacturer specifications
Sealants will be compatible with all adjoining surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, if required
Objective(s):
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Avoid sealants that do not allow for expansion between dissimilar materials | Flexible sealants compensate for differential expansion and maintain a seal |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Caulking can be used to span gaps up to 1/4 inch | Spray foam can be used to span gaps up to 3 inches |
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Check manufacturer specifications to verify spanning capabilities | Also check manufacturer specs for incompatibility with intended surfaces |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Floor repair material will meet or exceed strength of existing floor material
Repair will span from joist to joist and blocking added as needed to support floor
Patches smaller than 144 square inches will not require repairs from joist to joist
Floor repair material will be glued, fastened, and air sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure floor is structurally sound
Minimize air leakage
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Before | After |
Remove floor coverings from damaged area | Completed floor repair |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Paddle bits may be used to drill starter holes at the corners of the area to be patched. Cut the new patch 1/4" shorter than the hole in both length and width to allow room for expansion and contraction. Make sure to cut the patch so that the strength axis is perpendicular to the joists (the strong direction in plywood and OSB is parallel to the 8' length).
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Carefully remove trim and floor coverings from area to be repaired | Mark the joist locations on either side of the damaged area |
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Cut out damaged area even with the inside edges of the floor joists | Cut four 2x4 blocks to support the patch |
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Install nailers flat against the joists. Finish by toenailing or screwing 2x4s between the joists | Make the patch 1/4" smaller than the opening in length and width to allow for expansion. |
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Apply subfloor adhesive to nailers | Fasten with 2" deck screws |
Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Materials will be selected to comply with manufactured housing rules and regulations (e.g., Manufactured Housing Institute)
Materials will be used or installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
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After |
Use materials with sufficient strength to span openings and support repair materials without bending or sagging |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Penetrations sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space; all repairs will maintain structural integrity
Specification(s):
Only noncombustible materials will be used in contact with chimneys, combustion exhaust vents, and flues
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Gaps around combustion exhaust flues need to be sealed | Sealed penetrations and chases should utilize high-temperature materials |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Prepare work area by removing any insulation and debris | Use high-temperature caulking (600F min) |
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Apply first ring of caulking to match shape of opening | Apply second ring of caulking to size and shape of rigid material |
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Fasten rigid material and apply additional caulking | Fasten rigid material to cover penetration and seal against flue with caulk |
Desired Outcome:
Floor/framing around bay windows sealed and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Floor/framing around bay windows sealed and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Presence of lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes will be assumed unless testing confirms otherwise; documentation of testing results will be kept on file
EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Program Rule (40 CFR Part 745) in pre-1978 homes and proposed changes to this rule (Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 87/May 6, 2010) will be complied with, to be superseded by any subsequent final rulemaking or any more stringent state or federal standards
Objective(s):
Protect worker and occupant from potential lead hazards
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Best Practice |
In homes built before 1978, test paint before beginning renovation |
Tools:
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EPA RRP certification required to conduct Lead Paint assessment.
See 2.0100.1p - Lead paint assessment for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Floor/framing around bay windows sealed and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Details that reduce air infiltration will be repaired, replaced, sealed, or installed
Bay window floor framing that connects interior to exterior underpinning and insulation must be removed to seal gaps, cracks, and joints
Blocking must be installed on perimeter rail (rim joist) if missing
Seal all gaps, cracks, and joints of all framing in bay window assembly
Insulation must be replaced or installed in full contact with subfloor
Underpinning will be replaced and sealed
Objective(s):
Reduce air infiltration
Desired Outcome:
Floor/framing around bay windows sealed and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Details that reduce water infiltration will be repaired, replaced, or installed
Objective(s):
Reduce water infiltration
Desired Outcome:
Floor/framing around bay windows sealed and weather-tight
Specification(s):
Materials will be used or installed in accordance with product manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure proper use and installation of materials
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Problems will be corrected before skirting work begins
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for repair or installation
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Manufacturer specifications will be followed when applicable
No exposed wood will be left unfinished (e.g., wood to be painted, sealed, treated)
If framing is required for skirting, framing will be structurally sound
Skirting will be installed to allow for movement (e.g., no screws or nails directly through panels)
Skirting installation will allow for expansion, contraction, and frost heaving
Objective(s):
Match existing skirting
Provide resistance from outdoor elements
Limit pest access
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Venting will be in accordance with local climate conditions or code as required
Objective(s):
Achieve and maintain building durability
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Insulated skirting may be installed where belly is inaccessible and not repairable
Objective(s):
Reduce conductive heat loss through floor assembly
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Flashing or proper caulking will be installed between skirting and manufactured home, if required by authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Prevent water penetration
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Like material and/or compatible materials will be used for repairs (e.g., galvanized metal, aluminum, alkaline copper quaternary treated lumber)
Selected materials will be corrosion resistant
Objective(s):
Achieve/increase durability
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Like material and/or compatible materials will be used for repairs (e.g., galvanized metal, aluminum, alkaline copper quaternary treated lumber)
Fasteners will be corrosion resistant
Objective(s):
Achieve/increase durability
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Existing skirting support material will be structurally sound and completely intact; any damaged framing will be replaced
Objective(s):
Provide adequate support
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Skirting support (e.g., vinyl blowout rods, horizontal bracing for other types) will be placed in high- wind locations
Objective(s):
Increase strength to resist wind loading
Desired Outcome:
Wind, weather, debris, and pests are excluded from the underside of the home
Specification(s):
Occupants will be educated on maintenance of skirting (e.g., floating panels are not tightly screwed to framing, string trimmers may damage skirting)
Objective(s):
Increase durability
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly supported
Specification(s):
Flexible and duct board ducts and plenums will be supported where feasible in accordance with flex duct manufacturer specifications and local codes
Support materials will be applied in a way that does not crimp ductwork or cause the interior dimensions of the ductwork to be less than specified (e.g., ceiling, framing, strapping)
Metal ducts will be supported by metal strapping, rods, or other materials, where feasible
Objective(s):
Eliminate falling and sagging
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Surrounding insulation will be cleared to expose joints being sealed; salvage for reuse if possible Duct surface to receive sealant will be cleaned
Objective(s):
Gain access while maintaining insulation value
Achieve proper adhesion for airtight seal when needed to ensure a tight fit to the framing structure and ensure the register can be removed and reinstalled by the dwelling occupant
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Before | After |
Locate disconnected or damaged ducts and clean work area of debris | Clean surfaces to receive sealant. Allow to dry before applying sealant |
Materials:
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When making connections at interior walls, mastic should be applied to boot and wall, and allowed to dry entirely |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Ducts will be fastened with a minimum of three equally spaced screws
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
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Before | After |
Reconnect ducts that have come undone, using fasteners to strengthen connection | At minimum, use three fasteners evenly spaced |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Realign and join ducts to create a smooth transition | Use fasteners to hold duct together and prevent future dislocation |
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Attach ducts using a minimum of three, evenly-spaced fasteners |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Joints will be fastened with tie bands using a tie band tensioning tool
For oval flexible duct to metal connections, tie bands cannot be used; appropriate mechanical fastener will be used
All connections, regardless of fastener, will be sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
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Before | After |
Disconnected ducts are useless and need to be reconnected and securely fastened | Flexible duct should be securely fastened to metal ducting to prevent future dislocation and minimize leakage |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Apply mastic to flange | Slide inner liner onto flange with sealant |
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Using band tensioner, securely attach liner in place with tie band | Slide insulation and outer casing over metal ducting |
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Extend insulation and casing until in contact with other insulation | Secure insulation and casing in place using tie band and band tensioner |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Joints will be fastened with outward clinching (stitch) staples and c-channels if possible
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Metal take-off collar specifically designed for the thickness of the duct board will be used All finger tabs will be bent down securely
Finger tabs will be longer than the thickness of the duct board and the shank will not extend beyond the thickness of the duct board
There will be an internal metal backer inside the duct board through which three evenly spaced screws can be secured; the metal backer will not interfere with air flow
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
Prevent the collar from moving into or out of the duct board or slipping
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Flex duct improperly attached to duct board. No starting collar is installed. | Flex duct, starting collar, and backer ring installed and sealed to duct board |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Make sure to use a starting collar that is made for the thickness of the duct board you are using. R-6 duct board is 1-1/2" thick. The correct starting collar would therefore have 1-1/2" of solid metal between the shoulder that fits against the outside of the duct board and the base of the tabs.
You may need to cut a slot in the duct board to slide the backer ring through. Use at least three equally spaced screws to fasten the starting collar to the backer ring.
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Gather materials | Place backer ring inside duct board. Insert collar and bend tabs into place. |
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Fasten the collar to the backer ring by driving at least three equally spaced screws through the collar, duct board | Coat joint between starting collar and duct board with mastic. Liberally coat the metal collar where flex attaches |
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Slide flex duct liner over mastic- coated metal collar | Secure with properly tensioned zip tie. |
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Coat seam with mastic | Pull insulation over duct liner and secure with a zip tie. |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Flange/c-channel will be fastened with screws with the duct board installed between c-channel flanges
Duct board plenum will be connected to air handler plenum with flexible duct in upflow units
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
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Best Practice |
Duct board plenum fastened with C-channel and screws |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Predrill for screws or use ring shanked nails to fasten boot to wood
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
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Before | After |
Unattached ducts are useless | Damaged ducts should be repaired and securely fastened and sealed |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Replace damaged ducting if necessary | Use ring-shank nails to hold ducting in place to subfloor |
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Drill pilot holes for metal fasteners | Use metal fasteners to secure duct to subfloor |
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After securely fastened, duct should be sealed with mesh and mastic |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
If accessible, boot hanger will be fastened to adjacent framing with screws or nails Boot will be connected to boot hanger with screws
If inaccessible, boot will be fastened to gypsum with a durable, adhesive sealant
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
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Register boot fastened to framing and sealed to gypsum with spray foam |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Fasten boot hangers to adjacent framing, or screw through the boot into adjacent framing. Polyurethane caulk is a durable adhesive, and can accommodate up to 50% expansion and contraction. Mastic and mesh tape also form a strong, permanent seal. Spray foam may be used to seal boots into the opening once the boot is fastened in place
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Remove diffuser | Caulk the boot to the gypsum board. Angle the tip forward and force caulk into the joint |
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Wipe the caulk into the joint and smooth it as you go | Wipe away excess caulk (use water on siliconized acrylic, alcohol on silicone, and solvent on polyurethane caulk) |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums properly fastened to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Metal take-off collar with a hip and an internal metal backer will be used
Take-offs will be in accordance code Requirements
Objective(s):
Ensure durable joints
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Bad Practice | After |
Improper attachment of flex to duct board | Flex duct correctly installed and sealed to duct board |
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Select a backer ring and flex duct installation tools | Cut the proper size hole in duct board |
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Select starting collar with tabs matching the thickness of the duct board | Insert the starting collar, bend tabs over and install at least 3 screws through the collar, duct board, and backer ring |
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Starting collar with tabs bent over and screws through the duct board and backer ring | Apply mastic liberally and install flex duct |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from air handler to the trunk duct without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Debris will be removed
Surface will be prepared for work (e.g., remove tape, oil)
Floor will be prepared to receive the appropriately sized plenum
Objective(s):
Provide unobstructed path for work access and air flow Ensure adhesion of materials to be installed
Provide a properly sized plenum to maximize distribution of air flow (equal to the furnace discharge)
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After |
Closet prepared for furnace installation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Dust walls and floor of cabinet. Sweep debris into piles for pickup. Wipe down walls and floor | Vacuum cabinet clean |
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Inspect plenum for damage, then clean, scrape, and seal | Scrape loose material from insides of cabinet |
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Apply mastic to inside seams of plenum |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from air handler to the trunk duct without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Plenum will be rebuilt or repaired using compatible materials and will be:
Objective(s):
Minimize restrictions
Maximize air flow and air distribution
Minimize moisture issues
Prevent condensation on plenum
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Best Practice | In Progress |
Whenever possible, install turning vanes in plenums to reduce turbulence and improve airflow | Rebuilding and sealing a leaky existing plenum |
Materials:
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Using turning vanes reduces turbulence and increases air flow. Use mastic and mesh tape on the outside of duct board plenums. Properly install metal starting collars to duct board and flex duct to metal collars (see MH 3.1601.5e - Duct board to flexible duct for details)
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from air handler to the trunk duct without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Point of access options include:
Option 1: Through the trunk duct
Option 2: Remove crossover duct
Option 3: Remove air handler
Option 4: Through the furnace panel
Objective(s):
Repair work access
Prevent condensation
Minimize heat loss and heat gain from plenum
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After |
Various methods can be employed, but the key is to seal the furnace to trunk duct connection |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Choose the least invasive and labor-intensive method that will allow full access for sealing.
Always wear hand protection when working with sharp objects.
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Cut belly to expose duct trunk. Use a utility knife to cut access under furnace plenum | Create an opening large enough to completely seal the plenum to the trunk line |
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Using mastic and mesh tape, fully seal the furnace to the trunk line. Repair and seal the access holes in duct and belly | Removing the crossover duct may provide access to the plenum. Replace and seal the crossover duct after sealing plenum |
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Remove the furnace panel. If the plenum to trunk connection is accessible here, complete sealing from this point | Plenum to duct trunk connection coated with mastic sealant |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from air handler to the trunk duct without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Equipment will be cycled
Combustion appliance zone ( CAZ ) test will be performed where combustion appliances are utilized
Objective(s):
Verify operation
Identify unsafe equipment operating conditions
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Unsafe |
Conduct spillage and depressurization testing at the end of the work day |
Tools:
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Run depressurization test at the end of the work day | Complete spillage test using chemical smoke pencil or mirror |
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Test for spillage on all sides of draft diverter. Check spillage on all atmospheric combustion appliances | Check carbon monoxide levels on all combustion appliances, including direct vent equipment |
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Check carbon monoxide levels on all combustion appliances |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from air handler to the trunk duct without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Pre- and post-retrofit duct leakage will be performance tested using a duct blaster or pressure pan, and results will be documented and reported to the homeowner and/or program
Objective(s):
Document post-retrofit duct leakage test has been performed
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Test duct performance using pressure pan or duct blaster, before and after work | Record readings before and after to determine improvement in performance |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Perform duct blaster testing before beginning work. Record results | Perform duct blaster testing after completion of work and compare to 'before reading. Record results |
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Set-up blower door to perform pressure pan testing before and after work | Perform pressure pan test on ductwork before beginning work. Record result |
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Perform pressure pan test after work is completed and compare to 'before' reading | Record test results to determine improvement of performance |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Verify scope of work
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In Progress | In Progress |
Locate the best access and egress points | Locate crossover duct and determine what type of system will work best for home |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Flexible crossover duct connections will be added, rebuilt, or repaired using compatible materials and will be:
Whenever possible, rigid elbow or equivalent will be installed in crawl space crossover ducts
Floor insulation will be in contact with the outer liner of the crossover duct
Crossover duct vapor retarder will be sealed to the bottom liner (e.g., belly fabric)
New flex duct installation will be insulated to a minimum of R-8
When feasible, 26-gauge hard duct should be installed
If a new crossover is required, it must be insulated to at least R-8 and be air sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure lasting durable connections
Minimize air leakage and heat transfer
Maintain duct diameter around the turns
Maximize air flow and distribution
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Before |
After |
Unattached ducts are useless | Crossover ducts should be attached securely, sealed to reduce leakage, and insulated to R-8 |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Attach elbow duct and orient in correct direction to minimize duct run | Fasten elbow in place with at least three evenly-spaced fasteners |
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Apply mastic at metal-to-metal connection | Apply mastic to all elbow joints and flange |
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Slide inner liner onto flange with sealant | Fasten inner liner with tie band using band tensioner |
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Extend insulation and exterior casing up over elbow until they reach belly | Secure insulation and outer casing place with tie band |
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Use band tensioner to ensure that insulation and casing remain tight against belly |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Crossover ducts will be installed so they are not in contact with the ground
Crossover ducts will be supported in accordance with flex duct manufacturer specifications, local codes
Support materials will be applied in accordance with manufacturer specifications for interior dimensions and will not crimp ductwork, dip, or sag
Objective(s):
Maximize air flow and distribution
Minimize condensation
Minimize air leakage and heat transfer
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Before |
After |
Flexible ducting should not come in contact with ground | Supports should be evenly spaced, securely fastened to floor joists and should not compress or kink duct |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Through-the-rim crossover ducts will be located and accessed through the bottom liner and branch duct; all branch crossover duct connections and end caps will be located and accessed
Hole size (air pathway) will be maximized between branch crossover and trunk
All connections will be mechanically fastened and sealed inside duct
End caps will be sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure all connections are identified
Maximize air flow and distribution
Ensure lasting durable connections
Minimize air leakage
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Access hole in the trunk duct will be repaired and sealed
Insulation will be reinstalled
Bottom liner/belly will be repaired
Objective(s):
Repair work access
Minimize heat transfer
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Access to the attic will be created for all attic areas that contain crossover ducts, where feasible
Plenum boxes and crossover duct connections will be rebuilt, mechanically fastened, and sealed
Access holes will be repaired
Objective(s):
Ensure lasting durable connections
Minimize air leakage
Maximize air flow and distribution
Repair work access
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
CAZ testing will be performed where combustion appliances are utilized
Objective(s):
Identify unsafe equipment operating conditions
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See |
Best Practice | |
Complete combustion appliance zone testing to ensure a healthy, safe environment |
Tools:
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At the end of each day in which duct sealing or repair is performed, conduct combustion appliance zone ( CAZ ) testing in accordance with the NREL Standard Work Specifications, details 2.0201.1a through 2.0201.1e.
Desired Outcome:
Deliver all air from trunk to trunk without leakage or restriction
Specification(s):
Pre- and post-retrofit duct leakage will be performance tested using a duct blaster or pressure pan, and results will be documented and reported to the homeowner and/or program
Objective(s):
Document post-retrofit duct leakage test has been performed
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Test duct performance using pressure pan or duct blaster, before and after work | Record readings before and after to determine improvement in performance |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Run duct blaster test before beginning work and record result | Run duct blaster test after work and compare with 'before' reading. Record result |
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Set-up blower door to perform pressure pan testing | Perform pressure pan test on ductwork before beginning work. Record result |
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Perform pressure pan test after work is completed and compare to 'before' reading | Record readings before and after to determine if performance has improved |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver air from trunk to termination (register/diffuser) without leakage
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Access holes will be created for the work done at each location
Objective(s):
Verify scope of work
Gain access to duct connections
Desired Outcome:
Deliver air from trunk to termination (register/diffuser) without leakage
Specification(s):
Excess flex duct will be removed between the takeoff at trunk and floor register boot
Objective(s):
Improve air flow
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Before |
After |
This duct is far too long, resulting in poor airflow. | The duct has been shortened, and is now properly supported. |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver air from trunk to termination (register/diffuser) without leakage
Specification(s):
Hard and flex duct branch connections will be rebuilt or repaired using compatible materials and will be mechanically fastened and sealed
Ends will be sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure lasting durable connections
Minimize air leakage
Maximize air flow and distribution
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In Progress | After |
Here the worker is rebuilding a hard connection to the trunk line. | The duct has been sealed, ensuring proper airflow to the home. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Measure the dimensions required for the new boot. | Fit the new boot on to the trunk line. |
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Seal the boot to the trunk line using mastic and mesh tape. An inspection mirror can make this easier. | Mechanically fasten the boot to the subfloor. |
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Install a new grille on the rebuilt boot. |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver air from trunk to termination (register/diffuser) without leakage
Specification(s):
Access hole in the trunk/branch duct will be repaired and sealed
Insulation will be reinstalled
Bottom liner/belly will be repaired
Objective(s):
Repair work access
Minimize heat transfer
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Before | After |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Thoroughly clean duct with solvent before applying foil tape and mastic | Secure edges of repair with foil tape and then liberally coat with mastic |
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Overlap foil tape with mastic by at least one inch on all sides | Apply belly repair tape and fasten with outward clinching (stitch) staples. |
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Spray adhesive will help adhere the tape |
Desired Outcome:
Deliver air from trunk to termination (register/diffuser) without leakage
Specification(s):
CAZ testing will be performed where combustion appliances are utilized
Objective(s):
Identify unsafe equipment operating conditions
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See |
Best Practice | |
Complete combustion appliance zone testing to ensure a healthy, safe environment |
Tools:
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At the end of each day in which duct sealing or repair is performed, conduct combustion appliance zone ( CAZ ) testing in accordance with the NREL Standard Work Specifications, details 2.0201.1a through 2.0201.1e.
Desired Outcome:
Deliver air from trunk to termination (register/diffuser) without leakage
Specification(s):
Pre- and post-retrofit duct leakage will be performance tested using a duct blaster or pressure pan, and results will be documented and reported to the homeowner and/or program
Objective(s):
Document post-retrofit duct leakage test has been performed
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Test duct performance using pressure pan or duct blaster, before and after work | Record readings before and after to determine improvement in performance |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Perform duct blaster testing before beginning work. Record results | Perform duct blaster testing after completion of work and compare to 'before reading. Record results |
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Set-up blower door to perform pressure pan testing before and after work | Perform pressure pan test on ductwork before beginning work. Record result |
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Perform pressure pan test after work is completed and compare to 'before' reading | Record test results to determine improvement of performance |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Any closure system used will meet or exceed applicable standards
Objective(s):
Ensure effectiveness of air sealing system
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Mastic sealant is an approved, durable, and effective sealant |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Seal and mechanically fasten all duct connections to metal flanges. Fasten round metal ducts with at least three screws equally spaced around the diameter, and make sure that the ducts and fittings are inserted at least 1 inch. DO NOT USE unlisted duct tape as a sealant on any duct.
Exceptions:
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Use fiberglass mesh tape to cover gaps; coat with at least 2 mm of mastic | Coat seams with mastic (air duct sealant) |
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Use tape to assemble joints, then coat with at least 2 mm of mastic |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Duct surface to receive sealant will be cleaned
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations less than 1/4" will be sealed using fiberglass mesh and mastic
Mastic alone will be acceptable for holes less than 1/4" that are more than 10 feet from air handler
Holes greater than 3/4" will be patched with metal or joint will be rebuilt to reduce the gap size
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations between 1/4" and 3/4" will be sealed in two stages:
Objective(s):
Eliminate air leakage into or out of ducts and plenums
Ensure adhesion of primary seal (fiberglass mesh and mastic) to the duct
Reinforce seal
Support mastic and fiberglass mesh during curing
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Before |
After |
Unsealed metal ductwork | Mastic and mesh tape used to seal metal ductwork |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Fasten collar into plenum with screws that reach through the tabs and plenum into a backing ring. Apply mastic liberally | Apply mastic to metal collar |
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Install duct liner onto collar and secure with properly tensioned zip tie | Apply additional mastic over zip tie and edge of flex duct liner |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Duct surface to receive sealant will be cleaned
Fiberglass mesh and mastic will overlap temporary tape by at least 1 inch on all sides
Seams, cracks, joints, holes, and penetrations larger than 3/4" will be repaired using rigid duct material
Fiberglass mesh and mastic will overlap repair joint by at least 1 inch on all sides
Fiberglass mesh and mastic will be the primary seal
Objective(s):
Eliminate air leakage into or out of ducts and plenums
Ensure adhesion of primary seal (fiberglass mesh and mastic) to the duct
Reinforce seal
Support mastic and fiberglass mesh during curing
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Before | After |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Prepare work area by assessing any safety concerns and cleaning duct surface | Wrap joint with fiberglass mesh tape |
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Apply mastic to seal joint |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Pre- and post-retrofit duct leakage will be performance tested using a duct blaster or pressure pan, and results will be documented and reported to the homeowner and/or program
Objective(s):
Document post-retrofit duct leakage performed
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Test duct performance using pressure pan or duct blaster, before and after work | Record readings before and after to determine improvement in performance |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Perform duct blaster testing before beginning work. Record results | Perform duct blaster testing after completion of work and compare to 'before reading. Record results |
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Set-up blower door to perform pressure pan testing before and after work | Perform pressure pan test on ductwork before beginning work. Record result |
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Perform pressure pan test after work is completed and compare to 'before' reading | Record test results to determine improvement of performance |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Gaps between boot and gypsum less than a 1/4" will be sealed using mastic or appropriate flexible caulking
Gypsum edge will be wetted before applying mastic
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage
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Before | After |
Gaps around duct boots allow for leakage to and from the attic | Use a mesh in mastic system to seal duct boot to interior surface |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Remove grill to expose duct boot and gaps | Wet the edges of the drywall to ensure a good bond |
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Cut mesh tape to fit around duct boot and cover gaps | Apply mastic over mesh tape to create heat resistant, durable bond |
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Once mastic is set, grill can be replaced and mastic should not show |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Joints will be sealed and cracks/holes not needed for proper function of unit will be sealed using removable sealant (e.g., foil tape)
Objective(s):
Reduce air leakage while maintaining accessibility
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Before | After |
Unnecessary holes in the air handler cabinet need to be sealed | Use removable foil tape to seal holes |
Materials:
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Unnecessary holes in the air handler cabinet should be sealed | Removable foil tape should be used to seal |
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Fully cover holes with tape to seal completely |
Desired Outcome:
Ducts and plenums sealed to prevent leakage
Specification(s):
Pre- and post-retrofit duct leakage will be performance tested using a duct blaster or pressure pan, and results will be documented and reported to the homeowner and/or program
Objective(s):
Document post-retrofit duct leakage test has been performed
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Test duct performance using pressure pan or duct blaster, before and after work | Record readings before and after to determine improvement in performance |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Perform duct blaster testing before beginning work. Record results | Perform duct blaster testing after completion of work and compare to 'before reading. Record results |
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Set-up blower door to perform pressure pan testing before and after work | Perform pressure pan test on ductwork before beginning work. Record result |
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Perform pressure pan test after work is completed and compare to 'before' reading | Record test results to determine improvement of performance |
Desired Outcome:
The return duct is installed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Debris and dirt will be cleaned out of the return platform
Objective(s):
Allow for the application of rigid materials and sealants
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Before | After |
Dirty, unsealed return platform needs to be cleaned out before sealing | Vacuum out debris and dirt from the return to prepare work area |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
The return duct is installed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected material and the characteristics of the open space
Backing or infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Material will be rated for use in return duct systems
Objective(s):
Minimize hole size to ensure successful use of sealant
Ensure closure is permanent and supports all loads (e.g., return air pressure)
Ensure sealant does not fall out
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Before | In Progress |
Leakage from air return into wall cavities should be eliminated | Only materials rated for use in higher temperature areas should be used |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Do NOT use EPS in air returns due to proximity to combustion appliances |
Desired Outcome:
The return duct is installed to prevent air leakage
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Select permanent sealant
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
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Best Practice |
Best Practice |
Sealants, like mesh and UL 181 mastic, meet IRC, ASTM, and UL specs | Caulk sealants will be continuous and compatible with surface |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Paraphrased from IRC: Wall and ceiling finishes will have a flame spread index of 200 or less and a smoke-developed index of 450 or less
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Objective(s):
Ensure work space is safe and ready for air sealing
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Marriage wall seams will be sealed continuously at walls, floors, and ceiling connection
All accessible holes and penetrations in the addition envelope will be sealed
Backing or infill will be provided as needed, when accessible
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Maintain durability and/or flexibility
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Materials will be used or installed in accordance with product manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All holes and penetrations on exterior surface of exterior walls will be sealed to ensure resistance to outdoor elements
Intentionally ventilated walls will not be sealed at vent locations (e.g., weep holes)
All holes and penetrations on the interior surface of exterior walls will be repaired
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Maintain durability
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports expected wind and mechanical pressure loads
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
All accessible holes and penetrations in top and bottom plates will be sealed
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Maintain durability
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports expected load
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Backing or infill will be provided as needed to meet the specific characteristics of the selected sealant and the characteristics of the penetration
The backing or infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
Objective(s):
Ensure resulting closure is permanent and supports expected wind and mechanical pressure loads
Ensure sealant is effective and durable
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Sealants will be used to fill holes no larger than recommended by manufacturer specifications
Sealants will be compatible with all adjoining surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications, if required
Objective(s):
Create a permanent seal
Ensure sealant meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the surrounding materials
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Avoid sealants that do not allow for expansion between dissimilar materials | Flexible sealants compensate for differential expansion and maintain a seal |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Caulking can be used to span gaps up to 1/4 inch | Spray foam can be used to span gaps up to 3 inches |
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Check manufacturer specifications to verify spanning capabilities | Also check manufacturer specs for incompatibility with intended surfaces |
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Floor repair material will meet or exceed strength of existing floor material
Repair will span from joist to joist and blocking added as needed to support floor
Patches smaller than 144 square inches will not require repairs from joist to joist
Floor repair material will be glued, fastened, and air sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure floor is structurally sound
Minimize air leakage
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Before | After |
Holes in the floor should be repaired | Completed floor patches should be air sealed to prevent leakage from belly |
Tools:
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Materials:
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When possible, measure patch to reach surrounding joist. If not, blocking will be required. | Mark damaged area to be removed to create most efficient patch |
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Cut out damaged area of floor, with minimal damage to surrounding floor and joists | Once damaged area has been removed, measure for new patch and cut replacement subflooring to size |
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Clean debris from surrounding area and mounting surfaces | Apply sealant to mounting surfaces |
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Securely fasten new subfloor in place, attaching to joist or blocking as necessary | Seal gaps around patched-in subfloor to create air seal between conditioned space and crawl space |
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Materials will be used or installed in accordance with product manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Select materials to ensure durable and permanent repair
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Use materials with sufficient strength to span openings and support repair materials without bending or sagging |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Ceiling repair material must meet or exceed strength of existing ceiling material
Ceiling repair must span from truss to truss or add blocking as needed for support
The backing or infill will not bend, sag, or move once installed
All accessible damaged vapor barriers will be repaired
Penetrations through the air barrier must be repaired
Objective(s):
Ensure ceiling is structurally sound
Minimize air leakage
Ensure closure is permanent and supports expected wind and mechanical pressure loads
Ensure sealant does not fall out
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Before | After |
Replace any missing insulation and repair holes in vapor barrier | Drywall patch before final sand and prime |
Tools:
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Materials:
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For small holes, enlarge to a rectangular shape and install 1 X 4 blocks above two edges of the hole. For larger holes, enlarge opening to centers of nearest trusses and fasten the patch to the framing. For small holes, enlarge to a rectangular shape and install 1 X 4 blocks above two edges of the hole. For larger holes, enlarge opening to centers of nearest trusses and fasten the patch to the framing.
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Replace any missing insulation and repair holes in vapor barrier | Prepare the hole by cutting the edges clean and square |
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Cut drywall and fasten in place | Add joint tape and coat of joint compound |
Desired Outcome:
The exterior of the seam is weather-tight and connection between house and addition is properly sealed to minimize air leakage and moisture movement between unconditioned and conditioned space
Specification(s):
Only noncombustible materials will be used in contact with chimneys, vents, and flues
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
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Before | After |
Gaps around floor penetrations allow air and moisture movement | Use non-combustible materials, like 26-gauge steel and high-temp caulk |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Prepare work area by removing any insulation and debris | Use high-temperature caulking (600F min) |
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Apply first ring of caulking to match shape of opening | Apply second ring of caulking to size and shape of rigid material |
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Fasten rigid material and apply additional caulking | Fasten rigid material to cover penetration and seal against flue with caulk |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
All combustion appliance flues will be terminated to the outdoors and terminations will maintain proper clearance above snow loads
A distance no less than 2" will be maintained between any combustion appliance flue and combustible materials, unless zero clearance flue is in place
All ventilation systems will maintain a continuous connection and terminate to the outdoors
All broken mushroom vents will be replaced or removed and sealed
All plumbing stacks will be terminated to the outdoors
Non-IC rated light fixtures will be replaced with airtight IC-rated fixtures
All recessed lights will be labeled as having an air leakage rate not more than 2.0 CFM when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283 at a 75 pascals pressure differential
All obvious ceiling penetrations will be sealed
The space between combustion appliance flues and the ceiling will be sealed with fire-rated materials
All roof, attic, and ceiling assemblies will be structurally sound; loose ceiling panels will be secured
Temporary ceiling bracing will be recommended during the insulation installation process
Dishing and pooling issues that allow standing water will be addressed
All known roof water leaks will be repaired before insulation installation
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant and worker safety
Verify attic space is ready to insulate
Ensure structural integrity of the roof and ceiling assembly
Prevent intrusion of bulk moisture
Prevent damage during the insulation installation process
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Before |
After |
Roof leak, missing cap on vent | Properly connected and sealed roof vent |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Inspect and correct each of the specified items: flues terminated to outside, 2" clearance to combustibles from flues, ventilation ducts terminated outdoors, non-airtight, non-IC rated recessed lighting replaced with airtight, IC-rated recessed units, broken mushroom vents replaced or removed, plumbing vents terminated outdoors, ceiling penetrations sealed, structural defects in roof, attic, and ceiling assemblies corrected, ponds on roof remedied, and all roof leaks repaired.
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Inspect roof for evidence of water pooling, leaks, or damage. Verify proper vent terminations | Inspect ceiling for weakness, leaks, clearance to combustibles, loose panels, and penetrations |
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Verify presence of rain caps on all vents | Inspect all patches and repairs, and correct deficiencies if necessary |
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Verify at least 2" clearance to combustibles, unless flue is designed for zero clearance. Repair if needed | Use temporary supports to avoid ceiling collapse during insulation install |
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Add fasteners wherever needed to firmly attach ceiling to the trusses | Investigate all water stains and sources of moisture. Repair before insulating the attic |
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After opening the roof edge, verify proper clearance to combustibles and inspect vent connections |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Fasteners will be removed from the J channel and the roof edge on the most easily accessible side of the house
Roof will be separated from the heel plate and siding roof will be lifted and propped to accommodate fill tube
Length of opening will be enough to allow ease of access and reattachment while minimizing potential damage from high winds
If sub-sheathing is present, access will be gained through sub-sheathing
Attic will be visually inspected for the location of existing insulation, obstructions, hazards, and construction type
Objective(s):
Create access to the full attic cavity
Protect roof from wind damage during installation
Ensure ease of roof reattachment
Determine insulation installation technique
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Pitched, bowed, and vaulted roofs are good candidates for insulation via roof side lift | Insulation can be installed without disturbing the interior environment |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Ensure a safe work environment by setting up scaffolding. Work in manageable sections | Remove fasteners from the J-channel |
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Cut through putty tape and pry J-channel away from roof seam | Work in manageable sections to minimize roof damage. One section of J-channel is a long enough area |
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Remove staples as necessary to lift roof and inspect underneath | Place blocks to lift roof and enable inspection of roof cavity for obstructions and other concerns |
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Work in small sections to minimize flexing of roof and risk of wind damage | Once visual inspection has shown roof cavity to be viable, begin blowing insulation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, and gate closed Hose outlet pressure will be set in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure machine is capable of delivering uniform insulation density and coverage
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Before loading insulation, check to ensure that machine is operating properly | Test insulation blowing machine's pressure to ensure it is operating within manufacturer's parameters |
Tools:
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Set-up blowing machine on dry, level surface near electrical source and insulation site | Check electrical connections before operation |
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Make sure feed is off for testing and gate is closed | Adjust blower to full, or maximum |
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Using pressure gauge at feed outlet, verify that machine is working within manufacturer's specifications | If testing shows machine is operating properly, attach hose and tighten fitting to minimize slippage |
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Open gate to allow for feed of insulation, turn on feed |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to a density of 1.5 to 1.6 pounds per cubic foot
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density
Fill tube will be inserted within 6 inches of the end of each attic cavity
Insulation will be installed into the void of the attic cavity:
Avoid overfilling of roof edges and above attic trusses
Flame spread and smoke-developed index for insulation will be a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke development rating of 450 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E84
Objective(s):
Fill entire attic cavity to the prescribed R-value to reduce air infiltration
Avoid clogging of the cavity and the fill tube
Prevent damage to the ceiling
Allow roof to be returned to original position
Fire safety will be maintained
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In Progress |
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If insulation is roof mounted, blow below it. | If insulation is ceiling mounted, blow above it. |
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If insulation is mounted at both the ceiling and the roof, blow between it. | Insulation meets ASTM E 84. |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
If existing J channel is damaged, it will be replaced
Existing sealant will be removed from the roof edge and J channel
At a minimum, new sealant will be reinstalled at the original location
Roof and J channel will be fastened to the original location with new screws
All seams, edges, and penetrations will be sealed as necessary
Objective(s):
Prepare roof edge and J channel for reattachment
Reattach roof edge and J channel without leaks
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Before | After |
If salvageable, clean J-channel before reattachment | Attach J-channel using old holes and new fasteners |
Tools:
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Materials:
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If J-channel is salvageable, clean thoroughly before applying putty tape | Apply putty tape to new or reused J-channel to seal roof seam |
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Using new fasteners, attach J-channel along roof seam and seal as necessary |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Installation process will be considered complete when installer has verified that damage has not occurred to the roof or ceiling assemblies during the installation process
Objective(s):
Verify the integrity of the house has been maintained
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Exterior should be inspected to verify that roof has not been damaged | Interior ceiling should also be inspected to make sure that no damage was incurred |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
All combustion appliance flues will be terminated to the outdoors and terminations will maintain proper clearance above snow loads
A distance no less than 2" will be maintained between any combustion appliance flue and combustible materials, unless zero clearance flue is in place
All ventilation systems will maintain a continuous connection and terminate to the outdoors
All broken mushroom vents will be replaced or removed and sealed
All plumbing stacks will be terminated to the outdoors
Non-IC rated light fixtures will be replaced with airtight IC-rated fixtures
All recessed lights will be labeled as having an air leakage rate not more than 2.0 CFM when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283 at a 75 pascals pressure differential
All obvious ceiling penetrations will be sealed
The space between combustion appliance flues and the ceiling will be sealed with fire-rated materials
All roof, attic, and ceiling assemblies will be structurally sound:
All known roof water leaks will be repaired before installing installation
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant and worker safety
Verify attic space is ready to insulate
Ensure structural integrity of the roof and ceiling assembly
Prevent intrusion of bulk moisture
Prevent damage while installing insulation
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Before | After |
Roof leak, missing cap on vent | Properly connected and sealed roof vent |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Inspect and correct each of the specified items: flues terminated to outside, 2" clearance to combustibles from flues, ventilation ducts terminated outdoors, non-airtight, non-IC rated recessed lighting replaced with airtight, IC-rated recessed units, broken mushroom vents replaced or removed, plumbing vents terminated outdoors, ceiling penetrations sealed, structural defects in roof, attic, and ceiling assemblies corrected, ponds on roof remedied, and all roof leaks repaired.
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Inspect roof for evidence of water pooling, leaks, or damage. Verify proper vent terminations | Inspect all patches and repairs, and correct deficiencies if necessary |
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Verify presence of rain caps on all vents | Inspect ceiling for weakness, leaks, clearance to combustibles, loose panels, and penetrations |
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Verify at least 2" clearance to combustibles, unless flue is designed for zero clearance. Repair if needed | Repair and refasten sagging or unsecured ceiling panels. Caulk and seal seams to prevent insulation spilling into house |
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Use temporary supports to avoid ceiling collapse during insulation install |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Access to the attic cavity will be created through the gable vents
Attic will be visually inspected for the location of existing insulation, wiring, flues, obstructions, hazards, and construction type
Objective(s):
Create access to the full attic cavity
Maintain the integrity of the roof truss
Protect roof from wind damage during installation
Determine technique for installing insulation
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, and gate closed
Hose outlet pressure will be set in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure machine is capable of delivering uniform insulation density and coverage
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Before loading insulation, check to ensure that machine is operating properly | Test insulation blowing machine's pressure to ensure it is operating within manufacturer's parameters |
Tools:
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See MH 4.1104.3c - Blowing machine set up for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to a density of 1.5 to 1.6 pounds per cubic foot
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density
Fill tube will be inserted within 6 inches of the end of each attic cavity
Insulation will be installed into the void of the attic cavity:
Insulation will be filled no higher than the top of the truss
Flame spread and smoke-developed index for insulation will be a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke development rating of 450 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E84
Objective(s):
Fill entire attic cavity to the prescribed R-value to reduce air infiltration
Avoid clogging of the cavity and the fill tube
Prevent damage to the ceiling
Allow roof to be returned to original position
Fire safety will be maintained
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In Progress |
Always wear PPE appropriate to the work environment and job at hand.
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If insulation is roof mounted, blow below it. | If insulation is ceiling mounted, blow above it. |
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If insulation is mounted at both the ceiling and the roof, blow between it. | Insulation meets ASTM E 84. |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
If the roof is sliced:
For holes that are drilled or cut, the initial patch will be applied using the following procedure:
If a metal patch is used:
A durable and flexible 45 mil adhesive patch will be applied in accordance to manufacturer specifications over the initial patch and will have at a minimum:
Objective(s):
Effectively patch and seal all openings
Create a durable patch that will prevent roof leaks
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In Progress | In Progress |
Rough cut hole that will need to be sealed. | Placing sealant around the exposed edges of the roof patch ensures a watertight seal. |
Tools:
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Insert 6 inch plug and seal around the perimeter of the opening. | Firmly push the plug into place, until it is flush with the roof surface. |
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Use a 10"x10" sheet metal patch to mark the center of the hole. | Apply sealant to the underside of the sheet metal patch. |
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Secure the metal patch to the roof being sure to place mechanical fasteners through the sealant. | Apply a 14"x14" self-adhering roof patch on top of the sheet metal patch. |
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Use a heat gun to make the adhesive pliable to get the best possible seal. | Forcefully roll the patch into place, starting from the center and working toward the edge. |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Installation process will be considered complete when installer has verified that damage has not occurred to the roof or ceiling assemblies during the installation process
Objective(s):
Verify the integrity of the house has been maintained
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In Progress | After |
Verify that no damage has been done by the workers. When in doubt, verify with photo documentation. | Document and repair any damage the workers caused. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area complete
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
All combustion appliance flues will be terminated to the exterior of the house and terminations will maintain proper clearance above snow loads
A distance no less than 2" will be maintained between any combustion appliance flue and combustible materials, unless zero clearance flue is in place
All ventilation systems will maintain a continuous connection and terminate to the outdoors
All broken mushroom vents will be replaced or removed and sealed
All plumbing stacks will be terminated to the outdoors
Non-IC rated light fixtures will be replaced with airtight IC-rated fixtures, if feasible and only when installed measures will compromise the fire rating of the fixture
All recessed lights will be labeled as having an air leakage rate not more than 2.0 CFM when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283 at a 75 pascals pressure differential
All obvious ceiling penetrations will be sealed
The space between combustion appliance flues and the ceiling will be sealed with fire-rated materials
All roof, attic, and ceiling assemblies will be structurally sound:
All known roof water leaks will be repaired before installing installation
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant and worker safety
Verify attic space is ready to insulate
Ensure structural integrity of the roof and ceiling assembly
Prevent intrusion of bulk moisture
Prevent damage while installing insulation
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
90+ flue terminates above the snow line and penetrations have been sealed. | Flue penetrations have been sealed correctly from the interior. |
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Plumbing stacks must be terminated to the outdoors. | Dishing and pooling issues must be addressed. |
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Mushroom vents must be replaced, or removed and sealed. | Proper clearance to combustibles will be maintained through the roof assembly. |
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Inspect ceiling for weakness, leaks, clearance to combustibles, loose panels, and penetrations. |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Special precautions will be taken to limit fiberglass and construction dust exposure to the occupant and occupant belongings
Objective(s):
Protect occupant health and safety
Protect occupant belongings
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Improperly prepared workspace with cellulose all over client belongings and bedroom | Worker has removed or covered occupant belongings. Be sure to ask permission before removing any client belongings |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Equidistant holes will be drilled in a straight row parallel to the longitudinal exterior wall of the ceiling
If a longitudinal ceiling trim piece exists, trim piece will be removed and holes will be drilled behind the trim
Hole location and size will be placed to provide access to allow for consistent and uniform coverage of installed insulation throughout the attic assembly
There will be, at a minimum, one hole between each roof truss
Holes will be large enough to accommodate the chosen fill tube without damaging the ceiling material during installation
If a vapor barrier or ceiling-mounted insulation is present, access will be gained through them
Attic will be visually inspected for the location of existing insulation, obstructions, hazards, and construction type
Objective(s):
Create access to the full attic cavity
Determine insulation installation technique
Prevent damage to ceiling
Create a professionally finished ceiling
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In Progress | In Progress |
Holes are drilled in such a fashion that they allow uniform coverage of attic insulation. | Hole is the proper size in relation to the fill tube. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, and gate closed Hose outlet pressure will be set in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure machine is capable of delivering uniform insulation density and coverage
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Before loading insulation, check to ensure that machine is operating properly | Test insulation blowing machine's pressure to ensure it is operating within manufacturer's parameters |
Tools:
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See MH 4.1104.3c - Blowing machine set up for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to a density of 1.5 to 1.6 pounds per cubic foot
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density
Fill tube will be inserted within 6 inches of the end of each attic cavity
Insulation will be installed into the void of the attic cavity:
Flame spread and smoke-developed index for insulation will be a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke development rating of 450 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E84
Objective(s):
Fill entire attic cavity to the prescribed R-value to reduce air infiltration
Avoid clogging of the cavity and the fill tube
Prevent damage to the ceiling
Fire safety will be maintained
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In Progress |
Attic insulation should be consistently installed in each cavity to the edge. |
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If insulation is roof mounted, blow below it. | If insulation is ceiling mounted, blow above it. |
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If insulation is mounted at both the ceiling and the roof, blow between it. | Insulation meets ASTM E 84. |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Holes will be plugged or covered and sealed to be aesthetically pleasing If existing trim was removed, it will be reinstalled
Objective(s):
Create an airtight seal
Create a visually acceptable ceiling finish
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In Progress |
Holes should be effectively sealed, as well as aesthetically pleasing. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Installation process will be considered complete when installer has verified that damage has not occurred to the roof or ceiling assemblies during the installation process
Objective(s):
Verify the integrity of the house has been maintained
Verify the integrity of the house has been maintained
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In Progress | After |
Verify that no damage has been done by the workers. When in doubt, verify with photo documentation. | Document and repair any damage the workers caused. |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
If occupant will allow access from interior, installation through the ceiling is preferred
Attic space created by the roof-over will be accessed in accordance with the Single-Family Attic Access SWS
If the roof-over does not allow physical access to the roof-over attic, access to the original attic will be gained through roof venting
If existing insulation height in the attic is less than the height of the heel plate (original attic), access will be made through the original roof and the original attic cavities will be filled before blowing insulation over the original roof
At a minimum, the access holes to the original attic cavities will be sealed to prevent air leakage
If existing insulation height is equal to or greater than the height of the heel plate (original attic), the insulation will be installed in the end cavities before blowing on top of the original roof
Access to the end cavities will be gained and insulation will be installed
At a minimum, the access holes to the original attic cavities will be sealed to prevent air leakage
Insulation will not be installed on top of the original roof until the end cavities are insulated and air sealed in original attic
If insulation is installed on top of the original roof, it will be installed in accordance with the Single- Family SWS Loose Fill Blown Fiberglass Insulation Installation
Objective(s):
Gain access to the combined attic spaces
Address thermal bridging
Correctly insulate the combined attic spaces
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A visual inspection of the highest point of the transition wall will be completed
Access points will be determined from the gable end, roof, ceiling, or interior paneling
Objective(s):
Verify the height and the accessibility of the attic
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Attic will be accessed through the location that allows the most efficient and effective insulation coverage
Objective(s):
Gain access to the flat and cathedral ceiling transition wall
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, and gate closed Insulation will be blown against the transition wall until the wall is covered
Objective(s):
Ensure machine is capable of delivering uniform insulation density and coverage to meet manufacturer specifications for loose blown insulation
Create a thermal barrier at the transition wall
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Before loading insulation, check to ensure that machine is operating properly | Test insulation blowing machine's pressure to ensure it is operating within manufacturer's parameters |
See MH 4.1104.3c - Blowing machine set up for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) will be applied to desired thickness, using pass thickness maximum as indicated by manufacturer
Objective(s):
Insulate and seal transition wall
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Batt insulation will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications without gaps, voids, compressions, misalignments, or wind intrusions
Insulation will be installed to the prescribed R-value
Vapor barrier will be installed based on regional considerations
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Created access points will be covered and sealed in an aesthetically pleasing manner
Existing access points (e.g., gable vent) will be returned to the original condition
If existing trim was removed, it will be reinstalled
Objective(s):
Create an airtight seal
Create an aesthetically pleasing finish
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Installation process will be considered complete when installer has verified that damage has not occurred to the roof or ceiling assemblies during the installation process
Objective(s):
Verify the integrity of the house has been maintained
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In Progress | After |
Verify that no damage has been done by the workers. When in doubt, verify with photo documentation. | Document and repair any damage the workers caused. |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Walls properly prepared to receive dense pack insulation
Specification(s):
Lead safety procedures will be followed
Cavities will be free of hazards, intact, and able to support dense pack pressures
Drilling hazards (e.g., wiring, venting, fuel piping) will be located
Blocking will be installed around:
Access to exterior wall cavities will be gained, sheathing will be drilled as needed and probed to locate each cavity, wall studs, and blockers
When accessing wall cavities, the interior will be masked to control dust during drilling
Electricity supply will be confirmed and will support blowing machine power demand
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on highest level, feed off, and gate closed
Hose outlet pressure will be at least 80 IWC or 2.9 psi for cellulose insulation; for other types of dense pack insulation, check manufacturer specification for blowing machine set up
Objective(s):
Prevent damage to the house
Provide a clean work space
Provide thorough access to allow 100% coverage
Ensure proper equipment and process results in consistent density
Prevent settling and retard air flow through cavities
Protect worker and occupant health
Desired Outcome:
Walls properly prepared to receive dense pack insulation
Specification(s):
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density:
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids and settling
Minimize framing cavity air flows
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
If skirting overlaps siding, skirting will be detached to allow access to the wall cavity
Fasteners will be removed from the bottom of the siding, working upward until the siding can be pulled away from the framing approximately 6 inches without damaging the siding
Temporary fasteners will be installed near the bottom of the siding panels at the seams to prevent separation
If a sub-sheathing is present under the siding, access through the sub-sheathing will be required
Objective(s):
Gain access to the wall cavity without damaging or separating the siding
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In Progress | After |
Remove fasteners from along bottom and side seams to access wall cavity | Remove enough fasteners to create at least a 6 inch gap without damaging siding |
Tools:
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If skirting overlaps siding, remove skirting | Temporarily fasten siding panels at joint to hold seam together |
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Seam should remain together with temporary fastener |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Wall cavities will be inspected for moisture damage, pest locations, and integrity of the wiring, and holes to the interior
Siding will be repaired as necessary
Location of belt rails, obstructions, and existing insulation will be identified
All interior surfaces of exterior walls will be inspected for loose paneling joints, occupant wall hangings, location of switches and outlets, and other wall obstructions
Objects will be removed from the interior surfaces of the walls being insulated Interior paneling will be repaired as necessary
Objective(s):
Prepare wall cavity for insulation
Prevent water leaks from occurring
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Before | In Progress |
Take note of obstacles in the wall cavity, such as belt rails and electrical wiring | Assess that holes in both exterior siding and interior walls have been patched before beginning installation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Obstacles should be noted and planned for–insulation should be tucked behind belt rails | Holes in exterior siding should be patched |
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Apply sealant to back of patch to maintain air barrier | Ensure that patch is securely fastened and water-tight |
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Holes and penetrations in the interior wall should be patched as well | Verify that patches to both interior and exterior have been completed before beginning installation |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A sheet of polycarbonate, such as Lexan, will be cut to the following specifications to create a stuffer tool:
Objective(s):
Create a tool to install a fiberglass batt into the cavity
Ensure worker safety
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Insulation stuffing tool should be made of 1/4" polycarbonate, cut to 1' wide and 8' long | At one end, a bend of 5 degrees (175 degree supplement) should be made 7 1/2" from narrow edge |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Most crews should have this tool in their supply. If one needs to be fabricated, find someone who has worked with polycarbonate before and ensure correct tool usage as well as proper PPE during fabrication.
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Thickness of the batt will fill the void without deforming siding or damaging structure
Fiberglass batts will fill the cavity (e.g., batt may be cut approximately 1 inch longer to ensure proper fill and allow for lap at the top)
Flexible membrane will have an appropriate perm rating for the region
Flexible membrane will be cut 2" wider than the cavity and approximately 1' longer than the batt
Stuffer tool, membrane, and fiberglass batt will be aligned for installation
Stuffer tool will be used to install the fiberglass batt and membrane at the same time
Excess fiberglass batt and membrane vapor retarder extending below the cavity will be rolled and tucked into the cavity
A poly-encased fiberglass batt may be used in place of the fiberglass batt and membrane assembly
The membrane will be installed in contact with the side of the wall that is compatible with the local climate zone
Objective(s):
Maintain integrity of the batt
Aid in the installation process
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Before | After |
Uninsulated and under-insulated wall cavities can be filled from the exterior with fiberglass batts | Fiberglass batt should fill entire cavity without creating bulging in exterior paneling |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Uninsulated wall cavity can be accessed from exterior of mobile home through paneling | Measure length of cavity |
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Measure depth of cavity | Select appropriate batt thickness and R-value. Wrapped batts provide a built in vapor barrier |
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Measure batt to length of cavity with extra for overlap from stuffing tool | Lap cut batt over bent end of stuffing tool |
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Beginning with lapped end, tuck batt under top belt rail and stuff batt up to top of cavity. Remove stuffing tool | Tuck bottom of batt behind bottom belt rail. If longer than cavity, cut to within 1 inch longer, roll and tuck into cavity |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Sub-sheathing will be patched or repaired as necessary
Objective(s):
Ensure the integrity of the drainage plane
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
If skirting was removed, skirting will be reinstalled to shed water to the outside of the skirting
Siding will be reattached with new fasteners
Siding will be reattached without bulges or wrinkles
Objective(s):
Ensure the integrity of the drainage plane
Return siding to existing conditions without damage
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In Progresse | After |
After wall cavities have been stuffed, paneling needs to be put back into place and refastened | Once work is finished, reattach siding and skirting, ensuring neither have been damaged |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Using new fasteners, reattach paneling | Reinstall skirting, if necessary |
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Reattach trim, if necessary | Verify that siding and skirting have not been damaged and show no signs of bulging |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
If skirting overlaps siding, skirting will be removed
Fasteners will be removed from the bottom of the siding, working upward until the siding can be pulled away from the framing approximately 6 inches without damaging the siding
Temporary fasteners will be installed near the bottom of the siding panels at the seams
If a sub-sheathing is present under the siding, access through the sub-sheathing will be required
Objective(s):
Gain access to the wall cavity without causing damage or separation of the siding
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Problems will be corrected before work begins
Objective(s):
Prepare wall cavity for insulation
Prevent water leaks
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, and gate closed
Hose outlet pressure will be set according to manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Achieve uniform insulation density and coverage
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Before loading insulation, check to ensure that machine is operating properly | Test insulation blowing machine's pressure to ensure it is operating within manufacturer's parameters |
Tools:
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See MH 4.1104.3c - Blowing machine set up for steps and photos.
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Insulation will meet a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke development rating of 450 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E84
Insulation will be installed to a density of 1.5 to-1.6 pounds per cubic foot
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density
Special precaution will be taken not to overfill the bottom of the cavity
Fill tube will be inserted from the bottom of the wall cavity within 6 inches of the top of the cavity between the interior paneling and any existing insulation
Objective(s):
Fire safety maintained
Fill entire wall cavity to the prescribed R-value to reduce air infiltration
Ensure bottom portion of siding will reattach properly
Avoid clogging of the cavity and the fill tube
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Sub-sheathing will be patched or repaired as necessary
Objective(s):
Ensure the integrity of the drainage plane
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
If skirting was removed, skirting will be reinstalled to shed water to the outside of the skirting
Siding will be reattached with new fasteners
Siding will be reattached without bulges or wrinkles
Objective(s):
Ensure the integrity of the drainage plane
Reattach siding without damage
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
With T-111, OSB, or plywood type siding:
With lap siding:
Objective(s):
Gain access to the wall cavity
Ensure holes are easily covered with an aesthetically pleasing trim strip
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Installer pre-work assessment will be conducted to determine:
Problems will be corrected before work begins
Objective(s):
Prepare wall cavity for insulation
Prevent water leaks
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Blowing machine pressure test will be performed with air on full, feed off, and gate closed
Hose outlet pressure will be set in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure machine is capable of delivering uniform insulation density and coverage
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Before loading insulation, check to ensure that machine is operating properly | Test insulation blowing machine's pressure to ensure it is operating within manufacturer's parameters |
Tools:
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Set-up blowing machine on dry, level surface near electrical source and insulation site | Check electrical connections before operation |
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Make sure feed is off for testing and gate is closed | Adjust blower to full, or maximum |
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Using pressure gauge at feed outlet, verify that machine is working within manufacturer's specifications | If testing shows machine is operating properly, attach hose and tighten fitting to minimize slippage |
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Open gate to allow for feed of insulation, turn on feed |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Flame spread and smoke-developed index for insulation will meet a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke development rating of 450 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E84
Insulation will be installed to a density of 1.5 to 1.6 pounds per cubic foot
Using fill tube, 100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density
Fill tube will be inserted within 6 inches of the top of the cavity between the interior paneling and any existing insulation
Objective(s):
Fill entire wall cavity to the prescribed R-value to reduce air infiltration
Avoid clogging of the cavity and the fill tube
Fire safety will be maintained
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Holes will be plugged and sealed
Objective(s):
Ensure the integrity of the drainage plane
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
For T-111 and equivalent siding:
For lap siding:
Objective(s):
Ensure the integrity of the drainage plane
Return siding to existing conditions without damage
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
All interior surfaces of the cavities planned to be insulated will be inspected for loose paneling joints, occupant wall hangings, and other wall obstructions
Objects will be removed from the interior surfaces of the exterior walls as needed
Interior paneling will be repaired and secured as necessary
Holes will be drilled from the interior of the house
A hole no larger than the spray nozzle will be drilled in each cavity above the door or window
When possible, the hole will be drilled in the panel groove
Objective(s):
Prepare wall cavity for insulation
Prevent damage from overspray to occupant possessions
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Cavity will be probed to assess conditions and volume of cavity
Objective(s):
Determine the approximate amount of foam to be installed in the cavity
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
Flame spread index of foam insulation will not exceed 75 and a smoke-developed index of no more than 450 when tested in the maximum thickness intended for use in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723
Foam insulation will be separated from the interior of the building by an approved thermal barrier at a minimum of 1/2" gypsum wallboard or a material that is tested in accordance with the acceptance criteria of both the Temperature Transmission Fire Test and the Integrity Fire Test of NFPA 275
Two-part foam selection will be based on regional considerations
100% of each cavity will be filled to a consistent density without bulging of panels or siding
Objective(s):
Fill entire wall cavity to the prescribed R-value to reduce air infiltration
Fire safety will be maintained
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A color-corresponding sealant will be applied to the access hole
Objective(s):
Ensure wall is aesthetically pleasing
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
Desired Outcome:
Belly floor cavity ready for insulation
Specification(s):
Gas, water, waste, and electrical lines will be checked for:
Objective(s):
Ensure that floor space is safe and ready for work
Verify scope of work
Desired Outcome:
Belly floor cavity ready for insulation
Specification(s):
Where bottom board/rodent barrier is missing or damaged and accessible, the following will be ensured:
When bottom board is intact, the following will be ensured:
Problems will be corrected before floor cavity insulation work begins
Objective(s):
Ensure problems are corrected before floor cavity insulation work begins
Keep pipes from freezing
Desired Outcome:
Consistent, uniform thermal boundary and air barrier between the conditioned space and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in accordance with recommended R-value and density
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value for the climate zone
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R-value should be determined by climate zone, and be listed in work order | Consult density chart on insulation packaging to determine proper insulation application to achieve prescribed R-value |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Road and rodent barrier must be intact and free from holes and capable of supporting the insulation
Objective(s):
Ensure bottom board is intact
Ensure insulation is supported
Protect cavity from infestation
Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Each cavity will be insulated to specified R-value and density
The number of bags installed will be confirmed and will match the number required on the coverage chart
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids and settling
Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Flame spread index of selected materials will not exceed 25 with an accompanying smoke-developed index not to exceed 450 when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723
Flame spread index of foam insulation will not exceed 75 and a smoke-developed index of no more than 450 when tested in the maximum thickness intended for use in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723
Foam insulation will be separated from the interior of the building by an approved thermal barrier at a minimum of 1/2" gypsum or a material that is tested in accordance with the acceptance criteria of both the Temperature Transmission Fire Test and the Integrity Fire Test of NFPA 275
Selected material will be of minimal water absorbency
Selected material will be noncorrosive
Objective(s):
Ensure durability
Prevent moisture damage
Fire safety will be maintained
Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Ensure ability to match bags required for total area completed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Best Practice |
Provide occupant with signed, dated receipt documenting information about insulation installed |
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Documentation should include insulation material and R-value | Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support |
Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in accordance with recommended R-value and density
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value for the climate zone
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Proper R-value is determined by climate zone, and should be listed in work order | Consult density chart on insulation packaging to determine proper insulation application to achieve prescribed R-value |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Ensure complete accessibility of floor cavity
Clean floor cavities
Remove all remnants of previous insulation and bottom board
Objective(s):
Ensure work area is clean, safe, and ready to accept insulation
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Before | After |
Cavity spaces that are to be insulated need to be cleared of old insulation and debris | Once cavity is cleared, it is ready for new insulation |
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Remove old rodent barrier and insulation | Cavities should be completely cleared of debris |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Each cavity will be insulated to specified R-value and density
If insulation has facing, facing will be in contact with the heated side
Insulation will be in contact with subfloor
Insulation will not have gaps, voids, or be compressed
Insulation will be supported (e.g., metal insulation supports) to maintain a permanent contact with subfloor
Insulation will be notched around all wires, pipes, and blocks
Ducts and water lines will be insulated for climate conditions
Water lines will be located above the warm side of the insulation (toward the conditioned space), when feasible
A rigid air barrier will be installed in contact with the bottom of the joists, when feasible
Rigid air barrier will be fastened as to not sag, bend, or fall off
Seams, holes, and joints in the air barrier will be sealed
In cases where HVAC ducts hang below the level of the rigid air barrier and insulation, the ducts will be insulated and air barrier provided that is sealed to the rigid air barrier
Objective(s):
Eliminate voids
Minimize conductive heat transfer across the floor system
Ensure durability
Minimize convective heat transfer
Keep pipes from freezing
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Before | After |
Uninsulated floors over unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | In addition to fiberglass batt insulation, a rigid air barrier will be sealed and mechanically fastened in place |
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If fiberglass insulation is kraft-faced, ensure kraft is in contact with subfloor | Notch insulation around pipes, blocks, and other obstructions |
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To prevent insulation from moving away from subfloor, supports should be fastened in place | A rigid air barrier should be securely in place so prevent sagging, gaps and penetrations should be sealed |
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When ductwork or water pipes run below joists, insulation should be threaded above to fill joist cavity, uncompressed | Water lines and ducts should be insulated if running below joists |
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A rigid air barrier should be mechanically fastened to hold it tight against the floor joists | When insulating around low-hanging ducts and water pipes, run a line of sealant before placing insulation |
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Insulation around ducting should be securely fastened and sealed to maintain air barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Insulation materials will be of minimal water absorbency and flame spread, and smoke-developed index for insulation will be in accordance with IRC
Foam plastic insulation will comply with IRC
Fasteners will be corrosion resistant
Objective(s):
Ensure durability
Prevent moisture damage
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Do not use absorbent insulation material, such as cellulose, in the floor cavity | Fiberglass batts are a good choice for insulating floor cavities |
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Code approved insulation board is a non-absorbent insulation option | Use only corrosion resistant, exterior screws as fasteners in floor cavities |
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Do not use EPS (expanded polystyrene) foam board in floor cavities due to flame spread rate |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Best Practice |
Provide occupant with signed, dated receipt documenting information about insulation installed |
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Documentation should include insulation material and R-value | Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support |
Desired Outcome:
Installation of a consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in accordance with recommended R-value
Objective(s):
Insulate to prescribed R-value for the climate zone
Desired Outcome:
Installation of a consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Ensure complete accessibility of floor cavity
Objective(s):
Ensure work area is clean, safe, and ready to accept insulation
Desired Outcome:
Installation of a consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
All floor areas will be open and accessible for spray foam application
Any openings in the subfloor larger than 1/4" will be covered with appropriate materials Insulation dams or end blockers will be installed where needed
All surfaces where spray foam is applied will be clean, dry, and free of contamination and degradation
Substrate surfaces will be wiped, blown, or vacuumed to be free of excessive dust and dirt
Grease and oil will be removed using appropriate cleaners or solvents
Moisture content of all wood substrate materials will be below 19%; if tested at or above this percent of moisture, insulating the floor will be deferred until moisture level is corrected
Clean floor cavities
Remove all remnants of previous insulation and bottom board
Objective(s):
Prepare all substrate surfaces for the application of spray foam
Desired Outcome:
Installation of a consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed to prescribed R-value in accordance with manufacturer specifications
In accordance with manufacturer specifications, spray foam will be applied to desired thickness using the maximum pass thickness onto subfloor between floor joists and all rim/band joists
Rim/band joist will be sealed
When desired, underside of joists will be covered with spray foam to provide a layer of continuous insulation
Each cavity will be insulated to specified R-value
Insulation must be in contact with subfloor
Insulation will not have gaps or voids
Ducts and water lines will be insulated for climate conditions
Objective(s):
Insulate and seal floors Eliminate voids
Minimize conductive and convective heat transfer across the floor system
Ensure durability
Desired Outcome:
Installation of a consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Insulation will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Flame spread index of selected materials will not exceed 25 with an accompanying smoke-developed index not to exceed 450 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723
Flame spread index of foam insulation will not exceed 75 and a smoke-developed index of no more than 450 when tested in the maximum thickness intended for use in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723
Foam insulation will be separated from the interior of the building by an approved thermal barrier at minimum 1/2" gypsum or a material that is tested in accordance with the acceptance criteria of both the Temperature Transmission Fire Test and the Integrity Fire Test of NFPA 275
Objective(s):
Ensure durability
Ensure worker safety
Ensure proper installation
Fire safety will be maintained
Desired Outcome:
Installation of a consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
Spray foam will be separated from the occupied space of the building with a 15-minute thermal barrier (typically 15/32" sheathing, 1/2" gypsum board, or approved thermal barrier coating) or as approved by ASTM E84 Requirements
Spray foam designed to be used as a fire block does not require a thermal barrier installed prior to application
Objective(s):
Provide necessary fire protection for combustible spray foam insulation
Desired Outcome:
Installation of a consistent thermal boundary between conditioned and unconditioned space that reduces heat flow
Specification(s):
A dated receipt signed by the installer will be provided that includes:
Objective(s):
Document job completion to contract specifications
Confirm amount of insulation installed
Comply with 16 CFR 460.17
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Best Practice |
Provide occupant with signed, dated receipt documenting information about insulation installed |
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Documentation should include insulation material and R-value | Provide occupant with copies of all documentation |
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Communicate professionally with occupant to provide information and support |
Desired Outcome:
Minimize condensation
Specification(s):
Ducts will have continuous insulation and vapor barrier
Insulation will be sufficient to prevent dew point on surface of ducts
Objective(s):
Minimize condensation
Desired Outcome:
Minimize condensation
Specification(s):
Inspection and/or testing will be conducted to determine whether ducts are within thermal, pressure, and vapor boundary
If ducts are within thermal, pressure, and vapor boundary, no action will be required
If ducts are not within thermal, pressure, and vapor boundary, continuous air barrier, insulation, and vapor retarder will be installed either on the ducts or at the belly liner
Objective(s):
Minimize condensation
Desired Outcome:
Minimize condensation
Specification(s):
All exposed metal will have continuous insulation and vapor retarder
Objective(s):
Minimize condensation
Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
Duct insulation will be a minimum of R-8, in accordance with local code or buried under attic insulation, whichever is a greater R-value, and have an attached and continuous vapor barrier
Hot humid and warm coastal regions will not bury ducts
Objective(s):
Decrease heat loss and condensation problems
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Before | After |
Uninsulated ducts in unconditioned spaces are an energy drain | Properly insulated ducts operate at much higher rates of efficiency |
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Ducts in unconditioned areas should have R-8 insulation with vapor barrier | OR ducts can be buried in loose fill in attic spaces in drier climates |
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Burying ducts is discouraged in warm coastal and hot humid regions |
Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
All accessible ducts will be sealed with a UL-181 mastic before insulation is applied
Objective(s):
Minimize duct leakage
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Before | After |
Unsealed joints and connections need to be sealed to prevent health risks. | Sealed ductwork connections help prevent leakage. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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1 | 2 |
Prepare work area by assessing any safety concerns. | Wrap joint with fiberglass mesh tape. |
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3 |
Apply UL 181 mastic to seal joint. |
Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
Duct insulation will be mechanically fastened (e.g., stitch staples, tie bands) and sealed with no exposed metal
Duct insulation will be secured to the duct system using metal wire or rot-proof nylon twine
Pattern of the wire or twine will be sufficient to securely hold the duct insulation tight to the duct
Mechanical fastening will be sufficient to securely hold the duct insulation in place and tight to the duct
Objective(s):
Ensure a secure connection between the duct system and the duct insulation
Ensure performance of the installed material
Minimize condensation
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Before | After |
Materials holding insulation in place should not compress or kink duct | Durable materials can be attached without compressing insulation |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
Using a tape approved by the manufacturer, all seams and connection of the vapor barrier will be taped so that no metal is exposed
No gaps will exist between pieces of duct insulation
Objective(s):
Prevent gaps in the vapor barrier of the insulation
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Before | After |
Unsecured and sealed insulation around ducts is useless | All seams should be sealed with manufacturer approved tape to preserve vapor barrier |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Lowered thermal conductance of duct system and minimized condensation on the duct system
Specification(s):
Vermin access points will be identified and treated appropriately (e.g., seal access holes)
Objective(s):
Ensure long-term durability of the building materials
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Before | After |
Holes in air barrier should be patched to deter vermin | Ensure that patch is well sealed and securely fastened |
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Holes in ducting should be patched to discourage vermin | Holes in belly air barriers allow vermin access to insulation and ducting |
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Use adhesive patch to air seal | Stitch staple patch to securely fasten physical barrier |
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Stitch staples bend outward to hold in place for the long-term | Holes in exterior walls are another point of vermin entry |
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Apply sealant to back of patch to maintain air barrier | Flex patch to contour to wall |
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Securely fasten patch in place with screws and apply addition sealant to deter water |
Desired Outcome:
Effective, efficient, safe, and durable return air system
Specification(s):
Existing return air openings will be closed off and sealed with a durable material equivalent in strength to the surrounding material
Disturbed materials suspected to contain asbestos or lead content will be assessed and removed in accordance with EPA regulations
Objective(s):
Minimize air leakage
Improve indoor environmental quality
Ensure safe and legal renovation
Desired Outcome:
Effective, efficient, safe, and durable return air system
Specification(s):
Alternate return air opening will be provided to the furnace closet (e.g., replace louvered door or install grilles); whenever possible, follow manufacturer specifications for amount needed
Return duct design will be in accordance with ANSI/ACCA 1 Manual D Residential Duct Systems
A continuous and adequate return air pathway to the air handler will be installed
Objective(s):
Ensure sufficient return air is provided to the system
Desired Outcome:
Effective, efficient, safe, and durable return air system
Specification(s):
Pressures will be measured with the furnace fan operating across interior doors that can be closed and have a supply and/or return behind them
Rooms should not exceed 3 pascals of pressure
Pressure testing will be performed with all interior doors closed and the air handler running
Objective(s):
Ensure sufficient return air is provided to the system
Minimize moisture intrusion from negative pressures
Improve indoor air quality
Desired Outcome:
Effective, efficient, safe, and durable return air system
Specification(s):
CAZ testing will be performed where combustion appliances are utilized
Objective(s):
Identify unsafe equipment operating conditions
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See |
Best Practice | |
Complete combustion appliance zone testing to ensure a healthy, safe environment |
Tools:
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At the end of each day in which duct sealing or repair is performed, conduct combustion appliance zone ( CAZ ) testing in accordance with the NREL Standard Work Specifications, details 2.0201.1a through 2.0201.1e.
Desired Outcome:
Effective, efficient, safe, and durable return air system
Specification(s):
Occupant will be educated on changes, how to operate and maintain the system, and any potential health concerns (e.g., lead, asbestos)
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is educated
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Mercury-based thermostat will be removed safely and disposed of in accordance with EPA regulations
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from injury
Protect environment from damage
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Unsafe | Unsafe |
Mercury thermostats should be replaced and disposed of properly | Do NOT dispose of mercury thermostats in the trash–find local recycling |
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Existing controls will be removed in accordance with EPA lead safe work rules
Objective(s):
Protect workers and occupants from injury
Protect environment from damage
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Penetrations for control wiring will be sealed with a durable sealant (e.g., caulk, silicone, foam) at both the interior (e.g., floor, sheetrock) and exterior air barriers (e.g., bottom liner, side walls)
Objective(s):
Ensure controls operate as designed
Minimize infiltration and exfiltration from house
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Thermostats will be installed to reflect the temperature of the zone in which they are installed
Mounting location for air leakage and conductance that would affect the thermostat operation (e.g., marriage walls, exterior walls) will be accessed
Thermostats will not be exposed to extreme temperatures, radiant heat sources, and drafts
Objective(s):
Ensure controls operate as designed
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Blower speed will be set for equipment in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment has correct air flow
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
A thermostat with supplementary heat lockout that can interface with an outdoor temperature sensor will be selected
Objective(s):
Ensure supplementary heater operation is prevented when the heat pump is capable of meeting the load
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Supplementary heat lockout on air-to-air heat pumps will be set to t he economical balance point
ANSI/ACCA 3 Manual S Residential Equipment Selection will be referenced for set points when using different types of heat pumps
Objective(s):
Ensure supplementary heater operation is prevented when the heat pump is capable of meeting the load
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
For air-to-air heat pumps, low ambient compressor lockout will be set to 0° F outdoor temperature or ambient compressor lockout will be disabled
ANSI/ACCA 3 Manual S Residential Equipment Selection will be referenced for low ambient compressor lockout when using different types of heat pumps
Objective(s):
Ensure supplementary heater operation is prevented when the heat pump is capable of meeting the load
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
An outdoor temperature sensor will be installed in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Supplementary heat will be wired onto second stage heating terminal in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Do not operate supplementary heat in stage one heating
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
The installer options will be set to match the thermostat to the equipment and control board settings
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Time delay for equipment will be set in accordance with manufacturer specifications and as appropriate for the climate zone (e.g., no time delay for hot humid climates)
Objective(s):
Maximize transfer of heat without adversely affecting indoor humidity levels
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Humidistat will be installed to reflect humidity of the zone in which it is installed
Humidistat will be installed in a dry location
Objective(s):
Ensure controls operate as designed
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Ventilation controls will be connected to operational control system, as originally designed in the factory
Powered ventilation system alarm will be set to "on;" controls will be reset to factory settings
Objective(s):
Ensure proper operation of the mechanically dampered and powered ventilation systems
Desired Outcome:
Heating and cooling controls installed and set properly
Specification(s):
Occupants will be educated on proper use of thermostat, including:
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment and controls operate as designed
Provide comfort throughout house
Ensure property manager/occupant knows how to operate the system
Minimize moisture problems
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Smoke test will be conducted before any combustion testing is completed
Smoke spot reading will be in accordance with burner manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Before | Best Practice |
Smoke tests determine if oil-fired appliances burn cleanly by testing soot | Verify oil-fired furnaces and water heaters are operating safely |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Place filter paper in testing pump and draw air through paper | Remove paper and verify draw was successful by checking for soot |
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Compare level of soot deposit against smoke chart. A rating of 0 is ideal | Appliances with ratings of 3 or higher should be cleaned and tuned |
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Filter will be present, clean, and leak free
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice |
Filter is present, clean, and shows no signs of leakage |
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Measurement will be verified in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice | After |
Check oil-fired furnaces and water heaters for proper fuel pressure | Verify that fuel pressure matches manufacturer's specifications |
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Measurement will be verified in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Test flue gases to determine steady state efficiency | At steady state, this furnace tests at 83% – within manufacturer tolerances |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Net stack temperature will be measured and verified in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice | After |
Verify oil-fired appliances are not burning hotter than manufacturer specs | T-stack minus T-air equals net stack temperature. Check against specs |
Tools:
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T=temperature. T-stack minus T-air = Delta T or Net Stack Temperature.
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Measurement will be verified in accordance with industry manuals (e.g., Testo, Bacharach)
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice | After |
Verify oil-fired appliances are burning safely by testing CO2 and O2 levels | Levels should be within industry standards and match manufacturer specs |
Tools:
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15.4% should be the highest allowable level of CO2 produced by an oil-fired appliance.
O2 levels in the atmosphere are at a constant 20.9%. O2 readings in appliances vary due to O2 density and the efficiency of the combustion process.
Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
Excess air will be minimized in accordance with industry best practices
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice | After |
Oil-fired appliances require an appropriate level of air mixed with the oil | The percentage of Excess Air (EA) should be within manufacturer specs |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
CO in the undiluted flue gas will be less than 400 ppm air-free
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Best Practice | After |
Oil-fired appliances require an appropriate level of air mixed with the oil | The percentage of Excess Air (EA) should be within manufacturer specs |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Analysis of critical components and operations completed to industry and manufacturer specifications
Specification(s):
All testing and inspection holes will be sealed with approved materials
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment:
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Before | After |
The testing hole was left unsealed. | The hole in both walls has been properly sealed with a plug, cap, or other approved method. |
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If using a bolt, apply high temperature sealant to the bolt, so that both holes will be sealed. | Screw the bolt into place, ensuring a proper seal on both pipes. |
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If sealing each wall individually, insert the plug into each hole. | Apply high temperature sealant to the perimeter of the plug. |
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Homes will have a four-wire service entrance to the panel box to ensure a wiring system that is nominally rated at 120/240 volts and allows for proper grounding
Grounding at the service entrance will be checked to determine proper grounding of the home
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant and worker safety
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Polarity of equipment will be verified by a qualified technician if wiring is to be modified or repaired
Objective(s):
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Voltage will be in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Voltage drop will be within acceptable range in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure contactor does not overheat
Ensure equipment operates as designed
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Grounding will be connected in compliance with local code requirements, ANSI/NEMA GR 1-2007, and NFPA National Electric Code
Frames of home sections will be bonded with copper wire
Bonding lug will be selected to prevent corrosion due to dissimilar metals
Objective(s):
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Amperage will not exceed manufacturer full load amperage
Objective(s):
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Amperage will not exceed manufacturer full load amperage
Objective(s):
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Blower compartment safety switch operation will be verified, if present
Objective(s):
Ensure blower:
Desired Outcome:
Electrical components properly tested
Specification(s):
Emergency heat circuit functions will be verified
Objective(s):
Ensure system delivers heat in case of compressor failure
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Consideration will be given to:
When applicable, pitch duct to remove condensation to outdoors
Ducts will be as straight as possible, fully extended, and have the shortest run possible
Turns will be made so the radius at the centerline is no less than one duct diameter
Duct diameter will be equal to or greater than the exhaust fan outlet
Fan flow will be verified by flow measurement to meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Ducts installed outside of the thermal envelope will be insulated to a minimum of R-8 or in accordance with local codes
Objective(s):
Prevent condensation from forming or collecting inside or outside of the ductwork
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Before | After |
Existing flex duct that does not meet the requirement of R-8.0 should be removed | All new and replacement ducting in unconditioned spaces should be R-8.0 minimum |
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Horizontal runs will be supported in accordance with flex duct manufacturer specifications and local codes
Supports with a width of at least 1 1/2" will be used or adequate metal support
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve the integrity of the duct system
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Straps should be at least 1.5" wide. | Straps should be spaced in accordance with manufacturer's specification, typically 4 feet. |
Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Metal-to-metal or metal-to-PVC connections will be fastened with a minimum of three equally spaced screws
Flexible duct-to-metal or flexible duct-to-PVC connections will be fastened with tie bands using a tie band tensioning tool
PVC-to-PVC connections will be fastened with approved PVC cement
Other specialized duct fittings will be fastened in accordance with manufacturer specifications
In addition to mechanical fasteners, duct connections will be sealed with UL 181B or 181B-M listed material
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve the integrity of the duct system
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In Progress |
For flex to metal connections, use zip tie and tensioner to secure liner to connection fitting. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Round metal-to-metal connections require fiberglass mesh tape and 3 mechanical fasteners minimum. | PVC-to-PVC connections should use PVC primer and cement. |
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Flexible materials will be UL 181 listed or Air Diffusion Council approved
Rigid, smooth metal of 30-gauge wall thickness or thicker will be used PVC material may be used
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Preserve the integrity of the duct system
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Best Practice |
This material conforms to UL Standard 181. |
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Look for the Air Diffusion Council seal. | Flex installed should meet or exceed UL181. |
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When rigid duct is being used, its wall thickness should be 30 gauge minimum. |
Desired Outcome:
Installed ducts effectively move the required volume of air and prevent condensation
Specification(s):
Total exhaust system ventilation airflow will be measured
Objective(s):
Ensure air flow is as designed
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Before |
Exhaust fan flow should be measured and compared with the fans rated capacity as well as ASHRAE 62.2 requirements. |
Tools:
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ASHRAE requires the following flows for bath fans: 50CFM intermittent, or 20CFM continuous.
The requirements for kitchen range hoods are: 100CFM intermittent, or 5ACH (for kitchen area)
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A hole no greater than a 1/4" greater than the assembly will be cut to accommodate fan assembly
Objective(s):
Minimize repair work
Ensure a secure installation
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In Progress | After |
Determine size to cut hole by measuring fan assembly and ducting | A snug fit should be ensured to minimize weatherproofing required |
Tools:
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Measure the termination fitting to determine proper hole diameter (in this case, 4") | Hole should be no more than 1/4" larger than assembly diameter |
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Clear wall surface and mark hole size 1/4" larger than termination fitting | Since opening is larger than most hole saws, precision cutting is important |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed by a properly licensed contractor, as required by the authority having jurisdiction
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications, and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
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Before | After |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Fan outlet will be oriented toward the final termination location
Fan will be oriented so the equivalent length of the duct run is as short as possible
Fan will be mounted securely in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure short duct run to achieve optimum air flow
Ensure a secure installation
Ensure fan housing does not shake, rattle, or hum when operating
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A backdraft damper will be installed between the outlet side of the fan and the exterior
Objective(s):
Prevent reverse air flow when the fan is off
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Before |
Damper should be installed to maintain exterior air barrier |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Duct-to-fan outlet will be connected and sealed as follows:
Objective(s):
Exhaust to outside
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Before |
The connection has been sealed with mastic, and is being secured with 3 mechanical fasteners minimum. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Round metal-to-metal connections require fiberglass mesh tape and 3 mechanical fasteners minimum. | PVC-to-PVC connections should use PVC primer and cement. |
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Sealants should show UL181-M or UL181B-M. |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Gaps and holes in fan housing will be sealed with caulk or other sealants in accordance with manufacturer recommendations
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage through fan housing
Ensure a permanent seal
Prevent a fire hazard
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Seal openings in the fan housing to ensure that air is exhausted only from the desired location. | Sealant should be approved for its intended surfaces. |
Tools:
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Materials:
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Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage between house and fan
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Before | After |
The opening for the fan is unsealed, allowing air leakage into or out of the attic. | The fan to interior surface seal is made using the proper materials and prevents airflow to and from the attic space. |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Air flows in cubic feet per minute (CFM) will be measured and adjusted to meet the whole house upgrade design Requirements
Objective(s):
Exhaust sufficient air from desired locations to outside
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In Progress |
Exhaust fan flow should be measured and compared with the fans rated capacity as well as ASHRAE 62.2 requirements. |
Tools:
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Perform the ASHRAE calculation to determine the Qfan or continuous ventilation needed. | Measure the fan flow to see how much adjustment is needed. |
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Adjust the fan speed using the chosen fan control device. | Re-measure the fan flow, and continue making adjustments until desired flow is achieved. |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Leakage to the house from other spaces will be prevented (e.g., garages, unconditioned crawl spaces, unconditioned attics)
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
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Best Practice |
The barrier between conditioned and unconditioned spaces should be sealed |
Desired Outcome:
Surface-mounted ducted fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Pressure effects will be assessed and corrected on all combustion appliances
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
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Before | After |
Installing new ventilation can cause imbalances within the house | Test that depressurization limit is not being exceeded by new ventilation |
Tools:
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Run depressurization testing on house to ensure new ventilation isn't causing unsafe conditions | If depressurization limit is exceeded, mitigate to eliminate safety risk |
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Mitigate safety risk with make-up air or other pressure relief | After mitigation, verify that depressurization limits are not being exceeded |
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed by a properly licensed contractor, as required by the authority having jurisdiction
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications, and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Fan and service switch will be accessible for maintenance according to NFPA National Electric Code or local authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Fan and service switch will be accessible for maintenance
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Fan outlet will be oriented toward the final termination location
Fan will be oriented so the equivalent length of the duct run is as short as possible
Fan will be mounted securely in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Fan will be isolated from the building framing unless specifically designed to be directly attached
Fan will be installed remotely by installing ducting from intake grille
Objective(s):
Ensure short duct run to achieve optimum air flow
Ensure fan is installed securely
Ensure fan housing or building framing does not shake, rattle, or hum when operating
Minimize noise
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
A backdraft damper will be installed between the outlet side of the fan and the exterior
Objective(s):
Prevent reverse air flow when the fan is off
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Ducts will be connected and sealed to the intake fan and termination fitting as follows:
Objective(s):
Exhaust from desired location to outside
Preserve integrity of the duct system and building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Sealants will be compatible with their intended surfaces
Sealants will be continuous and meet fire barrier specifications
Objective(s):
Prevent air leakage around intake housing
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Air flows in CFM will be measured and adjusted to meet the design requirements
Objective(s):
Exhaust sufficient air from desired locations to outside
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In Progress |
Exhaust fan flow should be measured and compared with the fans rated capacity as well as ASHRAE 62.2 requirements. |
Tools:
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Perform the ASHRAE calculation to determine the Qfan or continuous ventilation needed. | Measure the fan flow to see how much adjustment is needed. |
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Adjust the fan speed using the chosen fan control device. | Re-measure the fan flow, and continue making adjustments until desired flow is achieved. |
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Leakage to the house from other spaces will be prevented (e.g., garages, unconditioned crawl spaces, unconditioned attics)
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Desired Outcome:
Inline fans installed to specification
Specification(s):
Pressure effects caused by fans will be assessed and corrected when found outside of combustion safety standards
Exhaust fans and other exhausting systems shall be provided with makeup air or other pressure relief
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Pressure should be measured in the CAZ to verify combustion appliances operate safely. | If depressurization in the CAZ exceeds acceptable limits, return air pathways or make up air may be needed. |
Tools:
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Set the house to natural conditions. With the manometer measuring CAZ WRT outside, perform the baseline procedure. | Turn on all exhausting appliances (vented outdoors), including the dryer, kitchen fan, and bath fans. |
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Close all doors. With your back to the CAZ, smoke doors with fans behind them. Smoke in: open door, smoke out: close it. | Measure CAZ pressure with the door open and record the reading. Close the door and record the reading. |
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Turn on the air handler fan. | Recheck all door positions for worst case depressurization. Smoke hits your toes, leave the door closed. |
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Measure CAZ pressure with the door open t hen closed. Record the readings. Recreate the WCD, or the most negative seen. | Fire the unit and check draft pressure using the manometer or combustion analyzer. |
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Measure flue gases at steady state and record readings. Turn off the unit being tested per manufacturer's instructions. |
Desired Outcome:
Contaminants properly removed from house
Specification(s):
Air leakage between the house and garages will be prevented by sealing and weather-stripping
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Reduce conditioned air being drawn from the house
Reduce contaminant migration from garage to house
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Before | After |
The reading is zero indicating strong connection with the garage. | The reading is closer to 50, indicating the garage is connected to the outside. |
Tools:
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Depressurize the house to 50 pascals. | The reading of 50 pascals indicates the zone is more closely connected to the outside. |
Desired Outcome:
Contaminants properly removed from house
Specification(s):
Pressure effects caused by fans will be assessed and corrected when found outside of combustion safety standards
Exhaust fans and other exhausting systems shall be provided with makeup air or other pressure relief
Objective(s):
Ensure safe operation of combustion appliances
Ensure occupant health and safety
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In Progress | Best Practice |
Pressure should be measured in the CAZ to verify combustion appliances operate safely. | If depressurization in the CAZ exceeds acceptable limits, return air pathways or make up air may be needed. |
Tools:
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Set the house to natural conditions. With the manometer measuring CAZ WRT outside, perform the baseline procedure. | Turn on all exhausting appliances (vented outdoors), including the dryer, kitchen fan, and bath fans. |
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Close all doors. With your back to the CAZ, smoke doors with fans behind them. Smoke in: open door, smoke out: close it. | Measure CAZ pressure with the door open and record the reading. Close the door and record the reading. |
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Turn on the air handler fan. | Recheck all door positions for worst case depressurization. Smoke hits your toes, leave the door closed. |
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Measure CAZ pressure with the door open then closed. Record the readings. Recreate the WCD, or the most negative seen. | Fire the unit and check draft pressure using the manometer or combustion analyzer. |
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Measure flue gases at steady state and record readings. Turn off the unit being tested per manufacturer's instructions. |
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Clearance for size of the fan recommended will be determined
Consideration will be given for adequate head clearance
Objective(s):
Ensure access for installation, operation, and maintenance
Ensure occupant safety
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Power source load will be determined as adequate
Consideration will be given to power source location
Objective(s):
Provide accessible and adequate power source
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
No resistance greater than 3 pascals will exist between fan intake location with reference to the common area
Objective(s):
Allow fresh air distribution to common areas
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Consideration will be given to:
When applicable, pitch duct to remove condensation to outdoors
Ducts will be as straight as possible, fully extended, and have the shortest run possible
To the extent possible, turns will be made so that the radius at the centerline is no less than one duct diameter
Duct diameter will be equal to or greater than the exhaust fan outlet
Fan flow will be verified by flow measurement to meet ASHRAE standard 62.2
Objective(s):
Effectively move the required volume of air
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Fan will be secured to a structural component
Structural integrity of the manufactured home will be maintained (e.g., roof trusses, walls, floor joists)
Objective(s):
Maintain structural integrity Maintain fan attachment
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Total exhaust system airflow will be measured
Objective(s):
Ensure exhaust airflow is as designed
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In Progress |
Measure the fan flow with the flow meter. |
ASHRAE requires the following flows for bath fans: 50CFM intermittent, or 20CFM continuous.
The requirements for kitchen range hoods are: 100CFM intermittent, or 5ACH (for kitchen area) continuous.
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Attach hose to the fan meter. | Attach hose to the manometer set to PR/PR. |
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Adjust gate on the flow meter as needed. | With the flow meter in place, read the resulting pressure on the manometer. |
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Match the pressure reading to the gate selection and read the final CFM flow. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Existing forced air system leakage to the outside willbe less than 10% of the air handler flow when measured at 25 pascals with reference to the outside
Any portion of the return located inside the combustion appliance zone will be air sealed
Objective(s):
Reduce migration of pollutants
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Wiring will be installed by a properly licensed contractor, as required by the authority having jurisdiction
Wiring will be installed in accordance with original equipment manufacturer specifications, and local and national electrical and mechanical codes
Objective(s):
Prevent an electrical hazard
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Motorized damper and service switch will be accessible for maintenance in accordance with required code or authority having jurisdiction
Objective(s):
Ensure accessibility for maintenance
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Ventilation duct will be attached as close to the HVAC system's fan as possible while remaining in compliance with HVAC manufacturer specifications
Filtration of ventilation air will be provided before reaching the thermal conditioning components
Filtration will be accessible and serviceable
Duct will be connected to intake fitting
Connection and seal will be performed in accordance with supply duct detail
Objective(s):
Ensure short duct run to achieve optimum air flow
Preserve integrity of the duct system and building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
A motorized damper or equivalent technology will be installed between the intake fitting and the return side of the air handler
Air flow will be provided by sequenced operation of the damper or equivalent technology
Objective(s):
Prevent air flow when none is desired
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
An accessible filter will be installed
Filter will be able to remove contaminants consistent with at least minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) 6 or better when tested in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2
Filter or air cleaning systems that intentionally produce ozone will not be allowed
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Occupant will be educated on how and when to change filter
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant health and safety
Preserve integrity of the building envelope
Desired Outcome:
Intake reduces pollutant entry, is easily maintained, has proper flow, and enhances house durability
Specification(s):
Total intake ventilation airflow will be measured
Objective(s):
Ensure airflow is as designed
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of garage supply vents
Specification(s):
Supply run feeding the register will be truncated as near to the supply plenum as possible
If directly connected to the plenum, the supply run will be truncated at the plenum
If connected to a Y or T branch system, the supply run will be truncated at the Y or T Return grille located in garage will be removed in the same manner as supply
Objective(s):
Minimize duct leakage
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of garage supply vents
Specification(s):
All holes in sheet metal ducts will be patched with sheet metal and secured with sufficient screws to hold the patch flat without gaps
Holes left in any Y or T will be capped with sheet metal caps and fastened with at least three screws
Objective(s):
Ensure a secure and strong patch
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of garage supply vents
Specification(s):
All patches will be sealed with mastic meeting UL 181 and in accordance with manufacturer specifications
Objective(s):
Ensure an airtight patch
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of garage supply vents
Specification(s):
All abandoned ductwork will be removed from work area
Objective(s):
Provide a clean work site
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of garage supply vents
Specification(s):
Holes created by the removal of the register and boot will be patched and taped using material meeting local codes
Objective(s):
Prevent a fire hazard
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of garage supply vents
Specification(s):
Units will be tested for external static pressure (ESP) before and after work
If there is a significant rise in ESP, air flow testing will be required
Objective(s):
Ensure correct fan performance
Desired Outcome:
Safe removal of garage supply vents
Specification(s):
CAZ testing will be performed where combustion appliances are utilized
Objective(s):
Identify possible conditions that can cause unsafe equipment operating conditions
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See |
Best Practice | |
Complete combustion appliance zone testing to ensure a healthy, safe environment |
Tools:
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At the end of each day in which duct sealing or repair is performed, conduct combustion appliance zone ( CAZ ) testing in accordance with the NREL Standard Work Specifications, details 2.0201.1a through 2.0201.1e.
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Assessment will be done using ASHRAE 62.2 standard:
Objective(s):
Determine the ventilation needs of the whole house
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In Progress |
A calculation based on pre and post weatherization numbers should be performed to determine the amount of ventilation needed. |
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The blower door number will be used to determine the infiltration credit. | Existing fan flow can be measured for alternate compliance, and new fans must be commissioned to ensure proper flow. |
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Fan type will be capable of continuous operation and selected in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2 for:
Fan will be ENERGY STAR® qualified
Objective(s):
Determine proper fan selection
Minimize energy consumption during fan operation
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Best Practice | Best Practice |
Fans should be marked with the ENERGY STAR® logo. |
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
No resistance greater than 3 pascals will exist between fan intake location with reference to the common area
Objective(s):
Ensure fresh air distribution to common areas
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Before | After |
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Locate the fan in question. | Connect a hose, and turn the manometer on to PR/PR. |
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Turn on the exhaust fan. | If the pressure difference is greater than 3.0 pascals, pressure relief is needed. |
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If pressure relief is needed, it can be provided by a through the door transfer grille. | After pressure relief has been provided recheck the numbers, ensuring a reading within range. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
ASHRAE 62.2 will be referenced for climate considerations
Whole house mechanical net exhaust flow for hot-humid climate will not exceed 7.5 cubic feet per minute/100 square feet
Objective(s):
Maintain building durability
Protect occupant health
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Best Practice |
Climate should be considered when selecting a ventilation strategy. Hot humid climate zones require special attention. |
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
CAZ testing will be performed where combustion appliances are utilized, where applicable
Objective(s):
Identify possible conditions that can cause unsafe equipment operating conditions
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See
SWS 2.0101.1a - |
Best Practice | |
Complete combustion appliance zone testing to ensure a healthy, safe environment |
Tools:
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At the end of each day in which duct sealing or repair is performed, conduct combustion appliance zone ( CAZ ) testing in accordance with the NREL Standard Work Specifications, details 2.0201.1a through 2.0201.1e.
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Occupant will be educated on:
A label indicating the presence and purpose of the ventilation system will be included or a copy of the system operation guide will be posted at the electrical panel
Operation guide or label will be permanently attached and in full sight
Objective(s):
Ensure occupant is educated on the safe and efficient operation of the system
Deliver intended air exchange
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Before | After |
Clients should be educated on the purpose and operation of their new ventilation system. | Whole house ventilation should be clearly labeled. |
Desired Outcome:
Provide primary ventilation for common spaces
Specification(s):
Total exhaust system airflow will be measured
Objective(s):
Ensure exhaust airflow is as designed
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In Progress |
Measure the fan flow with the flow meter. |
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Attach hose to the fan meter. | Attach hose to the manometer set to PR/PR. |
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Adjust gate on the flow meter as needed. | With the flow meter in place, read the resulting pressure on the manometer. |
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Match the pressure reading to the gate selection and read the final CFM flow. |
Tools:
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Desired Outcome:
Systems operate as quietly as possible
Specification(s):
System will be rated at a sound no greater than 1.0 sone
Objective(s):
Minimize noise
Maximize fan use
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
This fan is rated at 1.5 SONES and is NOT acceptable for continuous use. | This fan is rated at 1.0 sones and is acceptable for continuous use. |
Desired Outcome:
Systems operate as quietly as possible
Specification(s):
Spot ventilation (local mechanical exhaust systems operated as needed by the occupant; e.g., range hood, bath fans) will be rated at a sound no greater than 3.0 sone
Objective(s):
Minimize noise
Maximize fan use
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Bad Practice | Best Practice |
This fan is rated at 3.5 SONES and is NOT acceptable for intermittent use. | This fan is rated at 3.0 sones and is acceptable for intermittent use. |